Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The present research study was developed with the purpose of studying the strategic direction for the strengthening of SMEs in the southern area of ​​the province of Manabí. Therefore, a scientific article is carried out framed in a quantitative approach methodology of a descriptive and non-experimental nature, applying as data collection instruments the documentary review and the survey, which was directed to the entrepreneurs of the small and medium-sized companies in the southern area of ​​Manabí in order to achieve the aforementioned objective. Among the results, it is highlighted that it is important for businessmen to know that through strategic management the objectives set by the company can be achieved efficiently. By virtue of the fact that the economic resources and the human effort that is applied are only those necessary. In this sense, the businessmen of the southern zone of the province of Manabí, express that knowing and executing the elements of business management is transcendental, that is why they apply strategies such as the prior planning of the actions or decisions that are taken, in favor of achieving the objectives of the organization, which is one of the characteristics that defines the strategic direction and promotes a strengthening for the company.

The general objective of this research was to propose a protocol or methodological procedure for cooperative learning and group work techniques in teaching to improve educational quality. Regarding the methodology, this is of a mixed paradigm, of an analytical correlational method, of a basic type, of a descriptive and propositional level, and of a longitudinal temporality and a non-experimental design. Regarding the sample, there were 100 students of both genders from the last two semesters of the Professional Schools of Law, Nursing and Accounting from the 2014-2015 period of the UANCV, and to whom a questionnaire was applied. Regarding the results: The subjects given to teachers. It is observed that 87% of students state that teachers do not make an effort to improve their teaching methodology. And it was concluded that: A protocol or methodological procedure for cooperative learning and work techniques is proposed, which are: cooperative group work techniques, due importance of group work, using group techniques in learning, leader of the cooperative group, promoting group discussion techniques, discussion in a cooperative group and techniques for working in a large group.

Introduction. Solar thermal energy (STE) responsible for harnessing solar radiation to transform it into heat is one of the most encouraging forms of generation. Goal. Carry out an investigation through the systematic review of the literature (SRL) to answer the question that tells us: What are the most accurate methods for the development of an efficient heating system using solar energy? Methodology. Work was carried out based on the 3 phases of the SRL, which are planning, conducting and reviewing. The database was limited to a period of 6 years from January 1, 2016 to August 8, 2022. Results. The results determined that the best forms of heating are the use of concentrated STE. Lens-type Fresnel Solar Collectors (FSC) generate a variable efficiency of approximately 70%. Conclusions. It was concluded that the most efficient methods for heating water or steam generation are lens-type solar collectors with temperatures above 100°C and vacuum tube collectors with temperatures of approximately 120°C, however, it is known that Fresnel lenses vary depending on the amount of radiation in the environment, for this reason, they can reach temperatures of up to 600°C depending on the climatic conditions of the place.

The purpose of this article is to carry out an analysis of successful leadership styles in direct sales companies located in the city of Guayaquil, the phenomenon that gives rise to the study is derived from the characteristics of the leader to manage the collaborators of the commercial force. and influence the performance they have in the execution of their tasks. In the theoretical part, an approximation is made to the conceptualization and type of leadership that organizations have, on the other hand, the implemented methodology is descriptive with a quantitative approach, under this perspective the survey was used as a technique to be able to collect information on the perception of the collaborators of these entities and relate the leadership with the performance of the area. The results shown show that direct sales companies implement qualities of Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership and Strategic Leadership, of which the first mentioned is more related to success by reflecting better performance and fulfillment of sales objectives.

At present, environmental care, solid waste management and its destination have become a preponderantfactor for companies, so it is convenient to implement environmental management systems based on reverselogistics programs that waste recovery solids with which a circular model is generated which is focused onminimization as well as on the creation of value through the permanent circulation of materials, elementsand in certain cases waste from manufacturing, in this way conservation is achieved and restoration of usedproducts, for this a reverse logistics method was described that allows the correct management of solidwaste in artisanal snack companies, the investigation was descriptive, I use the deductive method and rangefrom the general to the particular through the compilation of bibliographical sources.

Nowadays, companies need to implement control methods that allow them to verify inventories to avoid stock-outs; the following control methods are described: ABC system, economic order quantity EOQ and just-in-time system. It is important to apply valuation methods to estimate the selling price of inventories, describing methods such as FIFO, LIFO, weighted average cost and specific identification. The objective of this research is to determine the inventory control and valuation methods used in home appliance companies in Machala canton in the period 2022, through a bibliographic review of primary sources, the companies registered and active in the Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros (SUPERCIAS) were verified, according to the Clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme (CIIU) G4649.11, being five that belong to this category, being the research a quantitative approach, the information collection instrument is applied. Among the main results, it was found that 20% of the entities do not have inventory policies implemented, 60% apply the ABC system for inventory control, and in relation to the weighted average cost, 60% of the companies use it for inventory valuation. Therefore, it is important for companies to know the methods of inventory control and valuation in the efficient administration of this resource. The results of this research will serve as a basis for future studies related to inventory control in the commercial sector or other economic activities.

In recent years, purchases from suppliers abroad have represented multiple advantages for small and medium-sized companies due to the trade agreements that have been signed and the reduction of import tariffs, therefore, many companies chose to import. Commerce and digital marketing have been closely related since before, and even more so with the development of information and communication technologies, which increasingly generate more economic benefits for all companies. Based on the aforementioned, this research aims to select the main trade and marketing strategies for technological products imported from China to Ecuador in 2022, for the market niche that is small and medium-sized companies in the city of Machala. The methodology used for this research is that of synthetic analysis where the collection of information in secondary sources such as academic articles and web pages was selected as a reference. The conclusions of the present investigation mention that in order to correctly apply marketing strategies in international trade, the market to which it is directed must be known in terms of electronic commerce, market analysis and communication channels where marketing is intended to be applied.

Internal marketing is a set of techniques and strategies that have beenadopted in recent years by companies to improve the relationship with their internalcustomers; thus, keeping employees satisfies in their jobs increases theirproductivity and commitment to the company. The purpose of this study is to analyzewhether internal marketing activities have a significant influence on job satisfactionand this in turn influences the productivity and commitment of employees ofcompanies in the retail sector; in this case a quantitative study was used, whichmade it possible to perceive the relationship that exists between the variablesmentioned. The data were collected through a survey applied to a conveniencesample of 280 employees of companies in the retail sector in the city of Machala.The results show that the internal marketing variable is positively and significantlyrelated to employee satisfaction, and this in turn, has a significant relationship withorganizational commitment and productivity. The findings are very useful formarketing professionals and managers in the retail sector who are seeking toimprove the performance, productivity and commitment of their employees, in orderto provide quality services to consumers.

The role played by financial institutions in the country's economy is important, since through them an efficient allocation process is carried out, in regard to economic resources, promoting productive investment. Financial markets that seek to direct savings towards productive investments and allow companies and individuals to have investments. In such a way that people who start saving have an excellent remuneration for their money and companies can have said money to make their investments. That is why the financial system plays a very important role in the economic and social development of countries when managing risks and channeling capital for consumption and investment. On the other hand, international agreements admit that the objectives that have to do with sustainable development and the commitments assumed by the country can allow the role of the financial system to be presented according to the dynamism and demands of each market to which it is estimated to arrive In this way, the objective of this study is to analyze the financial system and the role it plays in the economic and social development of Ecuador, for its fulfillment a qualitative methodology is used, through a documentary study, which allowed knowing the criteria of different authors, giving as a result that the financial system is important for the economic and social development of each country, since it allows generating investments in business. 

The objective of this research is to analyze social responsibility as a quality factor of commercial SMEs in Guayaquil, Ecuador. This is achieved thanks to the application of a methodology with bibliographic and documentary design. As a conclusion, it showed that the majority of SMEs, including commercial ones, are not effectively linked to society because it is considered complex, where the problems that afflict society go beyond a simple solution; In addition, research has determined that these organizations, being larger, have a greater possibility of being able to obtain better economic and financial returns and therefore their contribution to CSR is much greater; It remains to strengthen these weaknesses through communication and training for all those who make life within the SME so that they can learn the advantages and strengths of developing CSR as an organizational strengthening strategy.