Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

MSMEs constitute an important economic sector in the country, however, they have limited their production levels, due to a lack of knowledge of strategies and tools that generate greater efficiency and effectiveness in the processes. The objective of the research is to propose the implementation of a method for improvement as a tool to increase production levels and generate competitive advantages. The methodology was developed under a quantitative approach, a field and descriptive investigation, supported by documentary review, the population studied was 1406 MSMEs from the province of El Oro, considering the economic sectors of commerce, agriculture and service as being the most representative. The instrument used was validated with Cronbach's Alpha applying a pilot test, obtaining a value of 0.98. The surveys showed that there is a lack of knowledge of methods that can be used to improve production levels, lack of objectives that contribute to the creation of indicators and required standard levels. It is concluded that the implementation of strategies and methods strengthen the productive levels as a competitive strategy, allowing the resources used to be related to the production levels, allowing the objectives to be achieved, by relating the degree of investment and production, considering the quality levels.

The purpose of this investigation is to analyze conceptually and legally the progressive use of police force in the framework of the role of the State in guaranteeing citizen security and public order. It is therefore based on the principle that citizen security and public order are rights guaranteed by the State with responsibility for compliance by the National Police through the use of progressive force. However, a number of cases have been reported which indicate that the Ecuadorian legal system lacks protection when law enforcement officials use such use of force and resistance. In this regard, a legal and doctrinal study of the use of police force is carried out, within which principles, levels of force, resistance and other characteristics of this subject are analyzed. Following this, a mention is made of self-defence and with it, the difference of this legal figure, with the use of police force, is evident. From a methodological approach of a qualitative, documentary, descriptive and bibliographical nature we obtain information that results in the fact that citizen security is also one of the most relevant rights, because through this legal budget societies can develop in an environment of normality and free of actions that violate the democratic participation of citizens. It is concluded that there are shortcomings and gaps in the Ecuadorian legislation on this issue, because it is not correctly defined and adjusted to the right of those involved, So it denotes the helplessness of those who are in surveillance to guarantee our right to citizen security and these are law enforcement officers. 

The present research describes the problem that exist around the criminal process in Ecuador, specifically in the process of the victims of the rape crime investigations, which has produced a constant discussion about the forms and procedures in which re-victimization may exist in the victim. The Constitution of the Ecuador Republic and the Organic Criminal Code are undoubtedly norms that seek to protect the victim in this process. But, there may be procedures that may lead to re-victimization in the praxis and this leads to the violation of the basic guarantees of fair trial, legal certainty and effective judicial protection of the weakest party in the criminal process, as the victim of the rape crime. To gather information on this field, we did an analysis of the word re-victimization and its specific meaning in the institutional area. Also, interviews were done with different prosecutors of the “Unidades de Violencia de Género” in the Quito city, who explained the procedure and the steps that are taken in this kind of crimes. They said that it is favorable and ideal the unification of all the proceedings that are carried out with the victim, where the victim is effectively re-victimized by performing them separately. For this reason, this topic has been taken as a reference to carry out the investigation that has a protective character of the victim of rape.  Key words: VICTIM / REVICTIMIZATION / SEXUAL RAPE / UNIFICATION.

At present, technological progress and changes have crossed all barriers, have become a communication instrument of vital importance. Technological devices are now available to everyone, in the same way the internet has become a means by which exchanging information in real time is a daily reality where most SMEs have adopted digital marketing strategies that help them increase notoriety, sales volume and market share.  This research aims to study the implementation of a social media plan for the digital positioning of a hostel in Quilotoa, Ecuador called HMH.  The methodology used is applicative, descriptive and exploratory, with a qualitative approach through documentary review, observation and case analysis; finally, the logical, inductive and analytical historical scientific method will guide step by step the determination of the best applicable strategies for HMH. As a result, it has been possible to design and implement a social media plan as part of a digital marketing strategy that has managed to improve hmh's positioning in the different social networks, thus increasing sales volume and market share. 

El presente artículo se ha desarrollado con el objetivo de determinar si el procedimiento de la diligencia de allanamiento en el Ecuador en relación con el Código Orgánico Integral Penal, se está llevando de una manera adecuada o si está vulnerando los derechos de las personas. Para lo cual se aplica un tipo de estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, cuyo propósito consiste en ilustrar con datos reales el exceso en los procedimientos de los allanamientos, que muchas veces provocan violación a los derechos humanos, ocasionando también daños físicos y materiales. Como resultado se expone que el debido proceso, concierne a una serie de derechos para que una persona pueda ejercer de manera adecuada su defensa, y que los procedimientos jurídicos que se realicen tengan plena observancia de los principios fundamentales reconocidos por los instrumentos internacionales, así como por la Constitución del Ecuador, con lo que busca evitar acciones arbitrarias por parte del Estado, en este sentido, el procedimiento de allanamiento de domicilio para que pueda ser ejecutado tiene que tener una correcta motivación jurídica, puesto que se vulneran derechos fundamentales tales como la inviolabilidad de domicilio, así como los derechos a la dignidad humana, integridad personal, seguridad jurídica y garantía al debido proceso y por tanto deben existir indicios irrefutables que induzcan a realizar dicha acción con la finalidad de tener resultados fructíferos para los fines de la investigación, además en comparación con las legislaciones penales de Perú, Argentina y Venezuela, se debería contemplar para el procedimiento que se establezcan horarios en los cuales se pueda ejecutar el allanamiento, así como tener la presencia de testigos que certifiquen el respeto de los derechos. También es importante contar con disposiciones sancionatorias para autoridades y personal partícipe de los hechos, cuando en consecuencia se han vulnerado los derechos constitucionales y la operación resulta infructuosa para los fines de la investigación.

The objective of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the purchase intention within the fast food sector in the city of Machala: the case of "Chesco Pizzeria". For the materialization of this project we studied the variables notoriety, quality, loyalty and purchase intention with respect to the brand, for this a quantitative methodology was used, with a structured survey model using the Likert scale, with a sample number of 174 people consisting of men and women aged 18 to 40 years. The PLS-SEM method was used to measure the data, where key information was collected about the factors that influence the purchase intention within the fast food sector in the city of Machala. The results revealed the acceptance of two of the three hypotheses that were proposed, demonstrating that notoriety is not significantly linked to purchase intention, however, it was shown that the variables loyalty and quality are significantly linked to purchase intention. This valuable information obtained can be used as a basis for future research.

The general objective of this research is to verify the violation of the rights of the defendant in the ratification of administrative measures of immediate protection (hereinafter MAPI) in Ecuador, regulated in the comprehensive organic law to prevent and eradicate violence against women. A qualitative method of a descriptive nature was used, since a bibliographic review was carried out to examine the minimum constitutional guarantees of any process. This was contrasted with the current procedure used for the granting of the MAPI. Similarly, correlational research was used to carry out a comparative analysis at the regional level: Peru, Colombia, Argentina and Venezuela. The analytical-synthetic method was used in the analysis of case studies in the Judicial Unit specialized in Violence against Women and Family Members of the Canton Rumiñahui, province of Pichincha, analyzing both the procedure used and the motivation of the judges at the time of resolving the legal situation of the accused. Consequently, ratifying or not the MAPI, confirming in the procedural reality that in all cases there is a violation of the rights of the defendant because the effective judicial protection of the alleged aggressor is not guaranteed. These files go to the judge who, at his discretion, can ratify, revoke or modify the measure, normally without a hearing. The only evidence in these files is the complaint filed by the alleged victim and the documents relating to the granting of the MAPI requested. Thus, the right to defense and the right to contradiction of the alleged aggressor are violated. In this way, the need for a reform in the law that does not constitute a violation of the rights of any of the parties in the procedures to ratify the MAPI is evident.

The evaluation of environmental noise was made at the entrances and exits of the streets near four markets in the city of Juliaca and its impact on the health of the population that circulates through these sectors. experimental. Four monitoring points were considered in each market, the measurement was made at hours (8:00 - 18:00), finding an LAeq value of 73.35 dB in the Manco Cápac market, this being the highest value found in the four markets evaluated. , concluding that there is a large percentage of monitoring points whose values are above the 70dB allowed in commercial areas according to the ECA for national noise; Of the surveys carried out, 27.34% of the population state that they generate headaches, 17.71% cause stress and anxiety, there is 17.19% who cannot concentrate, there is also 10.68% who have hearing problems and irritability, 4.17% had memory problems and only 1.04% said they had no problem at all.

The objective of this research is to analyze in a legal and conceptual manner the progressive use of force and the effects that this has on Ecuadorian criminal law, in order to guarantee citizen security established in the internal codes and regulations of the force. to allow police officers to act without excesses and therefore citizens can enjoy their rights more effectively. It is necessary to analyze whether there is a violation of the rights, freedoms and guarantees of citizens in the absence of clear regulations and the possibility of pardons and legal assistance due to the existing vacuum in the country regarding the progressive use of force, the causes and the consequences it produces, since there is a wide controversy between the regulations which has led to various criticisms from citizens, police officers and legislators. It is necessary to propose legal reforms in the Ecuadorian legal framework that contribute to the legislator recognizing the elements, hypotheses and typicity that must concur to materialize the progressive use of force, this is very important, because if we review the current article 30 of the Organic Code Comprehensive Criminal Law (COIP), is limited to establishing that there is no criminal offense when acting in compliance with a "legal duty", as a cause of exclusion of unlawfulness, which opens a huge gap in the interpretation of how it should be done. understand the “legal duty”.

The objective of this study is to know which variables are related to the brand love of Nescafe and how this influences the purchase intention, in order to have a clearer analysis of the relationship between the chosen constructs. To do so, we studied the theory proposed by Roberts (2004) and also the research of Giraldo & Otero (2018), where we based ourselves to include sensuality, mystery, intimacy and sustainability as part of brand love and relate it to purchase intention. We consider these variables important to be able to know if there are any significant links. The research is correlational in nature with a quantitative approach. A structured survey was used with the Likert scale directed to 185 people in the city of Machala, with the help of structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS), where key information was collected. In addition, it was observed that, according to the information collected, the dimensions intimacy and sustainability positively and significantly influence brand love, and brand love influences purchase intention. From this information, important data can be obtained as a basis for future research.