Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Collaborative learning encourages students to collaborate among students; it is one of the four 21st-century skills suggested by UNESCO. Cognitive Performance (CP) and Interpersonal Communication (IC) are the themes in the research carried out in the Business English class at the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), which implements Online Collaborative Learning (OCL). This research is a quantitative study with a population of FE UNNES students participating in Business English. The 680 population and 252 students were sampled and calculated using the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 5%. Data will be collected using questionnaires and analyzed with SEM-PLS. The study analyzed ten hypotheses, and the results were accepted. The results showed that all these hypotheses were accepted. Behavior in OCL as an independent variable had a direct positive and significant effect on IC by 65.8%, and the effect of behavior in OCL on CP was 74.7%. It means that OCL can be alternative learning to increase CP and IC. Educators can employ OCL in the classroom to improve students' CP and IC.

This paper studies the possibilities of schools to face the effects of early school segregation. The relationships between the organizational and pedagogical process of schools and the social composition of their student body, as well as their relative effect on the mathematics achievement of 4th grade students, are analysed. The study involves a representative sample for Spain of 9555 students, 602 teachers and 501 primary schools, coming from database of the TIMSS 2019 report, published by the IEA. Our analysis confirms the existence of close correlations between school process factors and socioeconomic characteristics of the student body in different types of schools according to their school segregation status, i.e. depending on the social heterogeneity of their student body and the degree to which they concentrate students from disadvantaged backgrounds. We also found a less intense effect of organization and teaching on student outcomes, in comparison with the effect of social composition, although it is not possible to dismiss the influence of certain organizational and pedagogical aspects for the improvement of educational outcomes in schools affected by school segregation processes.

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the causes of the end of wage Labour as a political subject, or, in other words, on the perennial process of the irrevocability of materially devalued wage labour initiated in the 1980s. To this target, the analysis is situated within the framework of the Critical Theory of the Constitutional Law of Conflict. This implies redirecting the approach to State-Law-Constitution relations. Specifically, if the constitutionalisation of Labour represented the juridification by the fundamental text of the redistributive conflict determining the new functions assumed by the form of social State and its Constitution, the new constitutional paradigm of the legal order of the market is materialised around the unconditional centrality of the economic link of the market, which has in the Law of the Union its most complete legal form. The main function of the new constitutional order is to undo the conflict by placing the strategy of accumulation for accumulation's sake as the only link of legitimacy of the constitutional paradigm of the market. The confrontation between constitutional paradigms is particularly visible at times of systemic crisis and the new phases of global capital. The denaturalisation of labour as a mere functional factor in the interests of global capital, together with the reproduction of new forms of free labour under the digitalisation phase of capital, has given rise to proposals (such as, the Universal Basic Income) that have in common the reversal of the ever-widening spaces of new forms of exploitation, by devalorisation, of labour. However, the majority of these approaches go further in denaturalising the subjectivisation of conflict, of class struggles, when the current phase of the constitutional paradigm of the market has not precisely brought about the end of wage labour. On the contrary, its validity has been accentuated, generating as a central question how to recover the unity of Labour as a political subject and, therefore, the structural role of the working classes in the processes of reproduction of global capital.

The CJEU judgment of December 1, 2016 in the "Daouidi case" was the last touchstone in a protectionist construction of sick workers who were unfairly dismissed. However, this doctrine had little depth in Spanish case law, whose maximum interpreter, the SC, concluded that illness cannot be considered as a discriminatory factor in the scope of the employment contract, except in very specific cases, making a restrictive interpretation. Law 15/2022 has been a clear step forward, modifying this criteria and placing the disease, or health condition, on the same level as the rest of the causes of discrimination included in Article 14 EC. In this paper we will analyze the jurisprudential evolution of the anti-discrimination framework and the impact that the new law has on the unjustified dismissal of sick workers.

The concept of occupational disease established in our legal system, in art. 157 LGSS, refers to an official list, therefore, only the one that is listed is an occupational disease. This presents significant drawbacks since the pathologies that are not included in the table cannot be classified as an occupational disease. Therefore, given the difficulty of the closed list system, in order to determine an occupational disease it has been necessary to look for other alternatives, in order that certain cases remain protected with the particularities of occupational diseases. Both jurisprudence and scientific doctrine have admitted the professional contingency of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and stroke. In the present work we proceed to analyze the classification and its consideration as an occupational accident of these diseases by the jurisprudence. Cardiovascular disease can be classified as professional, strokes when they occur at the time and place of work, sudden-onset diseases are also recognized as professional contingencies. The special consideration of cardiovascular diseases, strokes produced in the changing rooms, in the garage and during the break time for the sandwich, will be the object of analysis in this essay, as well as those that occur in itinere and in mission. On the other hand, it is difficult to classify diseases that occur outside of the time and place of work, offering an enormous casuistry.

Gumersindo de Azcárate was part of the movement of reaction from within the liberal system against the traditional postulates of radical economic, social and legal liberalism. The aim was to transform liberalism from within, renewing it and adapting it to the demands of a new era, carrying out profound social, economic and political-legal reforms of the original liberal order. The process was similar - beyond the undeniable specific differences - throughout the 19th century in the most Krausismo liberal; republicanismo democrático social, ciudadanía activa, cuestión social, organizaciones de intereses profesionales, Política y Derecho de reforma social, Derecho Social del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social. industrially developed states. Among this broad movement of transformation of the original individualistic liberal system was the critical current of thought of liberal social krausism, very focused on introducing social reforms using as leverage the renewed instruments of the political and legal system of the interventionist State; together with the implementation of an educational system as a mechanism for forging an active citizenship and creating a sphere of critical public opinion. All this is carried out as the embodiment of the juridical and socio-political philosophy of a renewed Krausism as "social republicanism".

In the European Union, no State has achieved real and effective equality in labor matters and social protection, maintaining significant gender gaps in care, employment, wages and pensions. In the Member States, sexist stereotypes remain entrenched that make it difficult for women to maintain long, continuous, full-time career paths, devalue their work activity, and distance them from the best-paid professional fields. In this context, this research paper analyzes the effects, in Spanish and Italian social law, of the European Union regulations on gender equality at work and in pensions. And, in view of the above, the effectiveness of European social law is valued in order to achieve real and effective equality between women and men in labor and pension matters; and, in particular, if it is leading to significant advances in the matter in Italy and Spain.

In a generally effective collective bargaining model such as the Spanish one, who negotiates from among the possible stakeholders in the negotiation, in what area and the percentage of representation held by business and union organizations are aspects of vital importance for negotiators. The work addresses the difficulties of the negotiators of collective agreements and other institutions in the constitution of the negotiation tables and during the governance of the agreement, through the analysis of the 283 procedures related to the legitimacy and representativeness that were processed in the SIMA in the last decade. The paper also analyzes the causes of the discrepancy, both legal and extralegal, and the content of the mediation agreements and arbitration awards issued.

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The incorporation of new technologies into judicial activity is a way to achieve a faster procedure and, in this way, promote the right to a public hearing in reasonable time as a part of the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal. The purpose of this paper is to give notice of the most relevant manifestations of the digitization of justice that we currently have, in particular, the star-up of virtual hearings. Also, taking into account the next approval of some acts about digital efficiency and procedural efficiency, this paper aims to collect how these issues are affected in the referred texts.