Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In the present work the main ceramic contexts emanated from the stratigraphic study in the visigothic palace are exposed. From the stratigraphic sequence it has been possible to determine that, as observed in other constructions of visigothic origin, in the palace exists an aim of reuse and space modification that will be truncated with the construction of the district of emiral time at the end of 8th century or the beginnings of 9th century. The materials documented in these levels correspond to Horizon II -between mid and final of 8th century-, a chronological interval that corroborates the results obtained in previous studies, and demonstrates a continuity of visigothic tradition pottery forms half century after the conquest.

This prelimenary data about water collection from underground water galleries in the high plains of Granada forms part of a wider study now in progress about the irrigation systems in the Guadix-Baza basin in eastern Andalusia. One of the main objectives of this study is to establish the cronological order of the implantation of the diverse water networks and their transformations, using historical etnological surveys, documented studies and arqueology.

This work sets out to study the documented groups of pottery from the Emiral and Califal epochs found in the Medieval waste dump of Cartama which was excavated between 2005 and 2007. The wells appear on the Late Ancient ruins. Therein we find distinct closed groups of pottery which, chronologically, go from the nineth to the fifteenth centuries. The groups studied, unlike those dating back to the thirteenth century in other wells, are not particularly extensive and thus do not show a varied range of characteristics. Neverthelees, they do show certain intrinsic common features that differentiate them from each other and may provide interesting data for the study of Andalusian pottery in the periods. It’s also worth pointing out their geographical distribution, where, not only are there clear differences with respect to other regions of Al Andalus, in terms of native pottery, but also, apparently, in glazed pottery.

In this article we try to offer an analysis of the only public madrasa of al-Andalus whose remains have persisted up to the moment. For this, we have tried to establish a dialogue between the written sources and the archaeological findings that specifically the last intervention has offered us.

After the capitulations of Toledo (1085) the kings of Castile and Leon stimulated the construction of urban walls, mainly in the Estremadura and in the Transierra. During the 12th century several frontier sites were transformed in for tified cities. One of the principal promoters of this politics was Alfonso VII, who designed a strategy to defend the kingdom against the Almoravids. This idea had his continuation, in a separated way, by Fernando II and Alfonso IX in León and Alfonso VIII in Castile. The lateness in raising the big walled perimeters would lead to the fences being initiated in Romanesque style and concluded in Gothic or Mudéjar style..    

This paper aims to collect and document the masonsmarks of late medieval and modern times is on the Alcazaba of Almeria. After a brief review on the Citadel after the christian conquest of 1489, we will focus on the building of the castle on a mandate from the Catholic Kings and the masons who participated in this endeavor. Finally, we provide the results obtained from sampling in the five areas of the Citadel, where we have documented masons-marks, and the conclusions to be drawn.

The objective of this paper is the study of the conditions observed before and during the development of the convective storm recorded the last hours of January 1, 2000, that affected an area located north of the city of Mendoza, including the International Airport. The work also attempts to determine the behavior of the dynamic and thermodynamic variables that triggered off this case of severe convection. The hourly surface data and daily radiosoundings of Meteorological Station Mendoza Aero, identified as SAME, were analyzed for the period December 30, 1999 to January 2, 2000. The synoptic scale analysis was done with information of National Center for Enviromental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), USA, and the results from Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climaticos (CPTEC), Brazil. Mesoscale precipitation information was obtained from Instituto Nacional del Agua (INA) network, Argentina. During one hour of the storm the record in SAME was 66.1 mm, surpassing the historical daily and hourly maximum. Principal results shows that there was an intense advection of warm and humid air on the surface, proceeding from the northeast of the country, while a short wave trough axis came from the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless wind hodograph showed similar characteristics like a weak isolated storm, the intensity was enhancement by a dynamic trigger represented by the trough. Even though the phenomenon did not differ from the usual storms with respect to the time of occurrence and duration, it had extraordinary features in regards to the precipitation intensity, that surpassed the historical daily values at the SAME. It is necessary to improve research about physical mechanisms of the storms and its climatology for better indentification and predictions, and also to understand the mechanisms that led to the production of intense precipitation.  

A monsoon depression formed over the Bay of Bengal, India, during 27 July 1999 and crossed the east coast of India on 28 July 1999. The system caused copious rainfall over the east coast of India and adjacent regions and is investigated in this study using ensemble lagged methods with the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). Two sets of experiments are designed with five members of ensembles in each set starting at 12 UTC 25 July 1999 and at preceding times separated by 3 hour intervals. In the first experiment, the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data is utilized in the forecast of a coarse grid spacing domain and subsequent nest down to a finer (30 km) grid spacing domain. In the second experiment, the NCEP reanalysis data is directly utilized in the 30 km domain as initial/boundary conditions. The results of the ensemble average of both experiments are compared with the analysis and observations. It is found that at the initial times of verification, the ensemble average of the sea level pressure field corresponding to the second experiment has a larger horizontal structure and is more closer to NCEP reanalysis. However at later times of verification, the ensemble average of sea level pressure field corresponding to the first experiment is found to be better. The area averaged 24 hour accumulated precipitation of all the ensemble members have higher values corresponding to the first experiment as compared to the second experiment. Also, the spread of the area averaged 24 hour accumulated precipitation of all the ensemble members with respect to their respective ensemble average are higher for the first experiment as compared to the second experiment. The results of the study would be useful to operational weather forecasting centers in India as it would provide them different evaluating ways to develop and test the importance of ensembles.  

This study examines the degree of persistence in the sea-breeze in Alicante. This research is based upon the sequence of semi-hourly data for wind direction and speed for the five-year period from 1999 to 2003 (database of sea breeze days). The repetitive behaviour of this meteorological variable (consecutive days with sea breeze winds), is studied by applying various methods and statistical techniques: analysis of the number and length of spells of days with sea breeze; frequency distribution of the sequences according to duration (concentration, or Lorenz, curves); calculation of coefficients of persistence (empirical and conditional probabilities), and probability testing for the duration of the sea breeze spells using one and two-order Markovian chain models (cM1 and cM2). The results demonstrate the high level of persistence of this wind mechanism in the southeast of the Iberian peninsula, especially in summer. The persistence of the sea breeze is related to two main factors: the synoptic regional conditions (weak surface pressure gradient) and the characteristics of the land –topography–. Statistical characterization of the persistence of the sea breeze could become a useful tool in the analysis of annual and seasonal variability in atmospheric contamination levels in the Mediterranean basin.

Models of dichotomic and polytomic logistic regression are applied to series of historical records spanning one and a half centuries (1840-1990) of the North Atlantic Seesaw (NAS) and El Niño (EN), looking for simultaneous occurrence of both phenomena during the northern winter months and classifying NAS in four modalities and EN in three intensities. NAS refers to the temperature anomalies in Greenland and Norway; its modalities are: both positive (BA), both negative (BB), Greenland positive with Norway negative (GA) and Greenland negative with Norway positive (GB). A bigger incidence of NAS is found as winter progresses, as well as simultaneity of occurrence of 61% between the NAS and EN. NAS heterogeneous modalities (GA and GB) coincide in 71% with EN events, while homogeneous modalities (BA and BB) do so in 29%. Heterogeneous modalities have a higher coincidence with EN greatest intensity (3). When the frequencies computed through the logistic polytomic model were compared to the observed frequencies, a very close goodness of fit was found, when the whole winter season was considered.