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RESUMENLa Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea contribuye a desarrollar la ciudadanía europea, basada en valores comunes, como la justicia y la dignidad. La Carta se refiere al consentimiento libre e informado en Medicina y Biología, prohibiendo la clonación reproductiva y las prácticas eugenesicas. El artículo considera el papel de los temas de Bioética en la expansión de los derechos de los ciudadanos; los debates recientes han demostrado que los derechos han de estar garantizados y, además, que las buenas practicas profesionales sólo pueden desarrollarse dentro de buenas instituciones. El artículo analiza el papel de los principios de gobernanza (transparencia, eficiencia, participación, rendición de cuentas), así como la relación interna entre éstos y la integración de las políticas publicas: las cuestiones de Bioética ejemplifican el proceso de «europeanización».PALABRAS CLAVEBIOÉTICA, UNIÓN EUROPEA, GOBERNANZA, BUENAS PRACTICAS, EUROPEANIZACIÓNABSTRACTThe Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union contributes to develop European citizenship based on common values like justice and dignity. The Charter refers to free and informed consent in Medicine and Biology, and prohibits reproductive cloning and eugenic practices. This article considers the role of bioethical topics in the expansion of citizens’ rights; in fact, recent debates not only have proved that rights have to be guaranteed but that good professional practice could only develop within good institutions. The article also analyzes the role of the principles of governance (transparency, efficiency, participation, accountability), and the internal relationship between these principles and the integration of social policies; bioethical issues could exemplify the process of Europeanization.KEY WORDSBIOETHICS, EUROPEAN UNION, GOVERNANCE, GOOD PRACTICES, EUROPEANIZATION

This paper explores the term water in 15th-century English texts in the corpus Middle Medical Texts. To do this, computational linguistic tools for the identification, quantification and analysis of the word water and its variant Latin word aqua in the medical texts under scrutiny are used. In addition, I focus on the different lexical templates containing the term water, such as water of X and Adj + water. It is particularly interesting the occurrence of this term in disjunctive constructions, i.e. water or X, which introduce liquid alternatives in medicinal preparations, the presence of which are explained in cultural, social and medical terms. Finally, I concentrate on the description of the textual transmission of medieval well-known medicinal waters, such as water of life, and St. Giles’ water.

De cerimoniis aulae byzantinae by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus describes the daily ceremonial routine in the imperial palace during the 10th C. The emperor’s public appearances were accurately scheduled to commemorate religious or political holidays. Only exceptionally, he would appear in journeys out from the capital or participating in triumphs following the victorious military campaigns of the Byzantine army. In every case there was a strict protocol from which no deviation was permitted. Three stages could be distinguished in the emperor’s public appearances: a preparatory one inside the palace, where the emperor performed various religious acts and his courtiers dressed him appropriately; the actual appearance of the emperor, escorted by his nobility, officials and imperial guard, when he received popular acclamation but he also listened to his people’s complaints and demands. Finally, on a third stage, back into the palace, the courtiers undressed the emperor, while most of the nobility and the officials retired.

The «Consolatoria a la Condesa de Castro « by Gómez Manrique has been interpreted as the use of the contemptu mundi and of the Senequist doctrine to console the poet’s sister, whose husband’s family had lost their property during the civil wars. The analysis of some aspects of its content and moment of composition suggests quite the opposite: that the author, behind this appearance, was actually encouraging or celebrating the upcoming return of such property, applying the moral principles involved in the service of the political and personal interests of his family.

In this article, some aspects regarding the caliphal ceremonies of the Islamic West are analyzed, such as the absence of crowns, the ceremonial (or lack of it) in the caliphal proclamations, the practice of kissing the hand, the buildings where the ceremonials take place, the exchange of gifts and the emblems of power. KEY WORDS: caliphates of the islamic west, ceremonials, crown, caliphal proclamation, kissing the hand, buildings, gift exchange, emblems of power

This paper aims at showing how Isidore of Seville gathers together in his encyclopaedia the three-sided dimension of the concept of festivity —the holy, the military and the playful facets of it. This is done by analysing the etymologies of the words designating it.

The political activity and the exercise of power have an important dramatic dimension that it is shaped in form of ceremonies. The Trastamara dynasty in Castile is a good example of the importance of the political ceremonies. This work proposes a typological classification of the main ceremonies of the Castilian monarchy during the years of the Trastamara dinasty. In addition, this work proposes a special valuation of the spaces in which are made the main celebrations of the Castilian monarchy.

Once the importance of particular legal documents has been highlighted for the study of language, we aim at dealing with the forms of address, lexis and synonymic couples appearing in those texts.

The highly probable identification of the chapel singer Johan Robert with Trebor, the composer, allows to relate several items of the Chantilly Codex with John I of Aragon and his second wife, Yolande of Bar. Their court displayed a significant role of musical patronage at the very end of the Middle Ages.

During the reign of the Valois dynasty, which lasted two hundred and sixty-one years, etiquette and ceremonial life of courtesan life were created in France. As a monarchist state developed and stabilized, a centralization of real power took place, evolving towards an absolute monarchy. A new life in the court is established, inspired from the end of the 15th century by Princess Anne of Beaujeu, daughter of Louis XI, and by Anne of Brittany, remarried to Louis of Orleans, crowned with the name Louis XII. He marries his daughter Claude de France to the Duke Francis of Valois-Angoulême, who will reign under the name of Francis I. Thanks to the artistic and cultural achievements of the Renaissance and to the ambition of the king, a new nobility is born, which lives in the court and participates in the magnificence that surrounds the royal family. The court has become a political body and an instrument of power. It is also a school of discipline and behaviour. With Henry II and Catherine de Medici, the pomp and splendour reached its zenith. The regent, after the death of the king, kept up with the conveniences and good tone in the court during the reign of her three children. But it will be the last, Henry III, who finally defined court protocol and its rigid rules, which last until the expiry of the French monarchy in 1789.