Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Three planting densities, defined by the distances between rows, which were: 70 cm (4375 kg biomass ha-1), 85 cm (3750 kg biomass ha-1) and 100 cm (3125 kg biomass ha-1) and two harvest frequencies, at 45 and 70 days after the uniform cutting grass (auc) were evaluated. The experiment was carried out between December 2020 and May 2021 at the Santa Cruz Experimental Farm of the University of Costa Rica. A strip design was used, where the production of fresh and dry biomass, plant height, stem and leaf length, chlorophyll content, crude protein, and number of nodes per stem were quantified; an analysis of variance was performed for each variable. The use of a planting distance of 70 cm with a harvest frequency of 70 auc, showed higher values ​​for fresh biomass (p < 0,0001), dry biomass production (p < 0,0068), height (p < 0,0194) and stem length (p < 0,0093), compared to the other combinations. While a combination of a planting distance of 85 cm and a harvest frequency of 45 auc, presented higher values ​​for chlorophyll content (p < 0,0284) and percentage of crude protein (p < 0,0134). At early cutting ages there was a higher chlorophyll and crude protein content, while at later ages there was higher biomass production. Due to productivity and protein content, Cuba OM-22 is an alternative for forage banks.

Soft skills are essential in scientific work, particularly those related to oral communication in English. Since 2017, a virtual student exchange has been implemented at the School of Physics of the University of Costa Rica. The project carries out activities with an emphasis on topics of Medical Physics, and has participants from Costa Rica, the United States and Mexico. In this work we seek to determine the activities carried out within the framework of this virtual exchange that are of greatest interest to Physics students at the University of Costa Rica. A survey was conducted with the 29 students who participated in activities of this exchange in the period 2018-2019. The survey included aspects of knowledge of the types of activities carried out, types of participation in activities, level of English and confidence in speaking English, as well as factors that limit participation. 83% of the 12 students that answered report a positive opinion about the project activities. The activities with the highest participation were the Virtual Congress and the Discussion Club for scientific articles. 75% of the students show interest in participating in the Mentoring Program. Activities in which students interact with professionals in the area are of interest to the population studied and have the potential to promote student empowerment. 

In order to determine the sense of social responsibility acquired by university students at the end of the University Communal Work (TCU), a mixed investigation was carried out in which response frequencies given by the student body are described and quantified. There was a total participation of 26 students, each person carried out 300 hours of intervention in the community and once their contribution was finished, they completed a questionnaire. The main result was a change in the perception of the student body at the end of the TCU, showing greater awareness and commitment to social responsibility. In addition, it is evident that student participation in social projects such as the TCU during higher education allows them to know the existing social needs and assess possible contributions from their areas of study. It is concluded that the TCU contributes to the training of responsible professionals for the common good.

The purpose of this work was to explore the syntagma "maritime safety as a value," focusing on: a) the theoretical construction of what is MS, b) the significance of the term safety value, and c) the binomial safety value vs. safety certification. Therefore, from the methodological point of view, the scope was considered exploratory since the topic was newfangled; for this aspect, a propositional analysis was based on data and notions recognized by authors on the subject. In addition, the arguments used were clear, reasonable, and the reached conclusions that derived from the statement. In general terms, it was shown as a result of the research the absence of effective mechanisms on board and land to take safety beyond compliance certifications and assume it as an axiological issue; for this reason, the importance that each shipping company should give to it was recognized so that maritime accidents caused by human action are reduced through self-regulation.

This article shows that Ransomware attacks in Latin America have become one of the most important and dangerous cyber threats for organizations and users in general; This according to the security report latinoamerica 2021 by antivirus company ESET, for this reason initially a literature review was conducted and relevant cases occurred, which allowed gathering information to determine its evolution and impact since 2015, likewise in this phase it was possible to understand this concept and its characteristics, then the attack vectors and methodologies used by the attackers were identified, this contributed to identify the types of Ransomware that have appeared in recent years to describe the methods of infection that are used by cyber criminals. By recognizing the behavior of this malware and the trends associated with this threat, recommendations are generated to guide organizations and individuals to avoid becoming victims of attacks of this type, which constitutes a contribution to mitigate this type of risk. This document is obtained from the research carried out in the development of the degree work: "EVOLUTION AND IMPACT OF RANSOMWARE IN LATIN AMERICA SINCE 2015".

It is intended to explain that consciousness and death are two philosophical anthropological categories that are present in the thought of Miguel de Unamuno and these are expressions of the most human possible. For the development of the text, the document analysis methodology is used, which implies consulting, selecting and detecting the contents of the topic. It is concluded that death and consciousness are two categories that define the expressions and experiences of the human being and that Unamuno's philosophical anthropology has an individual character aimed at the explanation of the concrete human being, of flesh and blood.

To understand if the authority of drug dealing groups is considered legitimate by the local population of Rincon Grande de Pavas, a set of impoverished neighborhoods of capital of Costa Rica, the author carried out research between March 2019 and March 2020. During the field work the author realized 67 in deep interviews, mainly with residents of the analyzed area. The results show that drug dealing groups are not considered legitims by the residents, mainly because they do not offer them concrete benefits and impose their rules in an authoritative way by using violence. 

The application of biostimulants and the use of various percentages of drainage can affect production in protected agriculture.  Researchers evaluated the effect of applying the biostimulant Algamix® (foliar, root, and control treatments) and two drainage rates (10 % and 30 %) on the yield and quality of sweet pepper cv. Nathalie grown under greenhouse conditions.  Evaluated variables were: plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of fruits per plant, fruit weight (g), yield (ton/ha), and percentage of total soluble solids (°Brix).  The application of biostimulant did not produce statistically significant differences in any of the variables, except in the yield of third-quality fruits, where the plants that received the foliar application of biostimulant produced a lower yield, compared to the control.  Compared to plants with a 30 % drainage rate, plants with a 10 % rate showed:  a lower number of fruits per plant and a lower yield, in the case of first quality; a greater quantity of fruits per plant and a higher yield, in the case of third-quality; a lower weight of the fruit (total and first quality); and a lower percentage of total soluble solids in the fruit.  The application of biostimulant improved neither the yield nor the quality of sweet pepper, for which its use is not recommended under the conditions in which the study was carried out.  The use of a 30 % drainage rate is recommended in greenhouse-grown sweet pepper, as it produced the highest yield of first- quality fruit.

This research seeks to carry out a comparative study analyzing the aspects related to the methodological adaptation of foreign language teachers in Costa Rica and Panama. This is an exploratory qualitative study, using as a data collection instrument a questionnaire applied online during 2021 and 2022. 15 Costa Rican and 15 Panamanian university professors participated. As main results, it was found that information and communication technologies played a transcendental role in the educational process, since it allowed teachers to use tools such as email to establish communication with the student, platforms to perform synchronous and asynchronous activities, Zoom to teach classes, among others. In addition, these tools brought advantages such as saving time in commuting to work, diversifying resources to teach courses, the availability of material for students. However, it also led to some inconveniences such as Internet connection problems, lack of interaction, increased work, etc.