Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper studies the Active Labor Market Policies applied in Sweden in the third quarter of the 20th century. In particular, the central role of these proposals in the general economic policy framework developed by social democratic governments under the Rehn-Meidner Model, inner core of the so-called Swedish Model. On the one hand, this strategy was key to prevent solidarity wage policy, the central pillar of the social democratic economic project, from generating mass unemployment in certain industries and regions. However, it is doubtful that these policies could have been effective without the complement of mass public employment. On the other hand, this strategy had serious consequences for certain sectors of the working class: in some cases, they were pushed into forced domestic migration, and, in others, they were forced to change industries and jobs. All this, to promote the competitiveness of Swedish capital, the ultimate beneficiary of the model.

This article focuses on the analysis of the main lines of action followed by employers 'and workers' organizations in the process of political transition to democracy in Spain. The social agents adapted their strategies to consolidate their position in the new framework of Labor Relations. Thus, while in the business sphere the concentration in the union is achieved, freedom prevails over unity, translating into the fragmentation of the representation of workers and the defense of a model based on social agreement, built during the framework of the Transition, which gave priority to the stability of the process and resulted in a series of improvements in working life conditions, as reflected in relevant studies on the matter, the press, magazines of business organizations and reports from the employers' association and testimonies.

In recent times we have witnessed, at least in Western countries, the weakening of the bonds of solidarity that gave rise to what has come to be called “class consciousness”. A redefinition of the latter category in the light of the determinations uncovered by the critique of political economy leads us to think that, rather than a disappearance, a mutation has taken place. The fact that class agents, particularly the working class, do not recognise themselves as class agents is a consequence of the fact that they are members of a class. It is different mechanisms, among which we highlight the new dynamics of consumption, which concern them as such that lead them to assume the ideology which, from Foucauldian coordinates, has been called “neo-liberal subjectivity”.

The Independent Living Movement (ILM) pursues, as a political project, the recognition of People with Disabilities (PWD) rights, from a liberal orientation that considers such rights as individual ones. This constitutes a contradiction, between its social basis, defined as an oppressed collective, and its political nature as movement, an individualistic one. Within a Keynesian organization context, this contradiction is not a trouble for the consecution of its objectives, but will be the cause of its failure when the Keynesian context changes into a neoliberal mode of political-economic organization. The evolution of Spanish laws and the employment conditions of PWD since 80’ to the current days is the empirical probe of that failure and its deep cause.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global changes, at the educational level, face-to-face lessons were suspended. The Universidad private in Costa Rica provides access to virtual platforms and educational strategies to achieve education in non-contact environments. The objective of the research is to determine the student's perspective on virtual educational methodologies and the use of technological resources. The quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research carried out on 159 students of the Nutrition Career at the University, during the first and second semesters of 2020, results in positive evaluations of the virtual education modality, for comfort, creativity and accessibility, in addition to being considered adequate in the use of platforms and media. Virtual adaptations to laboratories are considered uncreative and limiting of learning.

Burnout is a syndrome composed of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and feelings of low personal achievement, a consequence of an excessive demand for resources at work and a loss of resources to cope with such demand. Burnout affects more professions that require direct contact with people, such as oncology nursing, which in turn could be affecting job satisfaction. The study aims to describe the relationship between the risk of burnout syndrome and job satisfaction in the nursing staff of the Hemato-Oncology Department of a Costa Rican pediatric hospital. The descriptive, correlational, group case study, had a population of 30 people who had been working in this department for more than one year. Data collection was by means of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Satisfaction Questionnaire S10/12. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation. The results of burnout risk indicated that emotional exhaustion had high risk, depersonalization moderate risk and personal accomplishment low risk. Regarding job satisfaction, the averages for physical environment, supervision and benefits received reflect that people consider these aspects as indifferent. No correlation was observed between burnout risk and job satisfaction; however, associations were found between emotional exhaustion and satisfaction with the physical environment and benefits received; depersonalization with satisfaction with supervision; and personal fulfillment with satisfaction with the physical environment and supervision. The relationship between burnout risk and job satisfaction is important because high levels of personal accomplishment could mitigate the adverse effects of emotional exhaustion and may protect staff from suffering from the syndrome and influence the improvement of job satisfaction.

Carlos Salazar Herrera’s tales have been studied academically from different theoretical approaches. However, there is still no research that analyzes the presence of plant motifs and their narrative functions in the texts of this Costa Rican writer. Thus, the objectives of this article are (i) to give a detailed account of the plant motifs present in Cuentos de angustias y paisajes (1990), and (ii) to characterize the narrative functions that these motifs have in fifteen of the thirty tales included in this book (“El puente”, “El bongo”, “Un matoneado”, “El grillo”, “El beso”, “Un grito”, “Los colores”, “La sequía”, “El temporal”, “El estero”, “El curandero”, “La montaña”, “El chilamate”, “Una noche”, and “El resuello”). In total, 295 explicit references to the plant world were found in the work of Salazar Herrera (i. e. common names of plants, vegetation in general, organs and parts of plants, edible fruits and products of plant origin). In the texts analyzed, these motifs entail three types of narrative functions: setting the scene (setting function), introducing reading keys (hermeneutical function), and helping to build the multidimensionality of the characters, based on comparisons (rhetorical function). It is concluded that Salazar Herrera’s tales have a deep human meaning, since they explore the complexity of the relationships of the human being with its environment, with others and with itself, however, plant motifs of different kinds are used to elaborate the plot of that complexity.

In this work, some fundamental aspects related to the beliefs of the Mycenaean civilization regarding the permanence of the soul in the afterlife are analyzed, as well as the performance of cults and rituals in honor of the dead. Special emphasis is given to tablet PY Tn316 for its content, since it is an exceptional document that collects what appears to be a Mycenaean ceremony of sacrifice or offering of human votive offerings to certain deities of the Mycenaean pantheon. This from the detailed study of archaeological, historical and philological evidence. In this way, it turns out that ritual actions are characterized because they are performed considering a certain periodicity and intentionality, for which, in addition, it is a requirement to maintain a special behavior corresponding to the solemnity of the rite, which will manifest itself in a special space and time. This allows us to conclude that reverentiality towards the ancestors, represented in a way that reaches the point of establishing cults in their honor, is closely linked to the concepts of legacy and descent.

In the ejido Cinco de Febrero, Champotón, Campeche, Jatropha curcas L. variety "Doña Fernanda" was used in a technology transfer project to assess its feasibility as an option for rural development while respecting the milpa culture under an agrosilvopastoral system. Those interested in the project were interviewed, and with this data the socioeconomic and agricultural conditions of the ejido were described. Two sample plantations were established to make the relevant technical observations of the crop, and the early adaptation of the plant was observed. In 2018, one year after being transplanted in the field, J. curcas had an acceptable fruit production, unlike two years later, in 2020 and 2021, when fruit production was null.  Given the need for more time to obtain conclusive results on this behavior, the lack of farmers’ interest and a permanent team in situ, the research remained in this phase.  It is hypothesized that the cultivation of J. curcas "Doña Fernanda" may be an option for sustainable rural development if adequate climatic conditions remain and there are continuous processes to organize and promote the strengthening of communities.

The environmental conflicts in the water sub-basins that irrigate Medellín and the Aburrá Valley have generated numerous social problems, altering the territorial dynamics of neighborhoods and entire communities. This paper presents the situation of the Malpaso stream and the socio-environmental problems that occur there. This finding was obtained after applying social cartography as a data collection technique of the proposed methodology, considered a relevant technique for a participatory exercise like the one presented here. As an exercise of collective knowledge construction and exchange of expertise between the population and the researcher, the main sites within the Bello Horizonte neighborhood, belonging to the Robledo district of the city of Medellín, were identified. These sites require urgent community management to design programs and projects that reduce pollution and waste discharge into the Malpaso stream, and thus prevent channel interruptions and floods that affect the residents of the neighborhood.