Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El estado de la funcionalidad de la familia influye en la calidad nutricional de sus miembros. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el estado nutricional de población pediátrica y la funcionalidad familiar en una unidad educativa pública en la provincia Cotopaxi, Ecuador, durante 2020. Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva transversal, en la que participaron 179 familias de alumnos con edades entre 5 y 19 años, cuyos padres o tutores legales aportaron los datos de interés. La población pediátrica estuvo conformada por 91 niños/as de 5 a 9 años y 88 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años. El 54,7% correspondió al sexo femenino. En este contexto predominó el estado nutricional normal en los menores de edad y las familias funcionales (57%). La funcionalidad familiar se asoció significativamente con el grupo etario y el estado nutricional atendiendo a la talla/edad. Sin embargo, esa variable resultó independiente con respecto al estado nutricional según IMC/edad.

La electrólisis percutánea intratisular es un procedimiento terapéutico tecnológico mínimamente invasivo para el tratamiento de lesiones en el sistema musculoesquelético mediante inflamación controlada y fagocitosis para recuperar el tejido afectado. Acerca de esta, se realizó un análisis de la producción científica publicada de 2014 a 2021. El estudio se realizó por medio de una revisión bibliográfica sistémica siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, que incluyó el uso de fuentes de información en las bases científicas: PubMed, SciencieDirect, EuropePMC, ResearchGate, Sage Journal, Thiem Connect y PHysiotherapy evidence database (PEdro). Previamente al procesamiento de los datos, los documentos encontrados fueron sometidos diversos criterios de selección. Los investigadores concluyeron que la electrólisis percutánea intratisular resulta un tratamiento efectivo para el tratamiento de tendinopatías crónicas, cuando se realiza combinado con un programa de ejercicios enfocado en la progresión de las cargas.

The objective of this article was to describe theoretical principles and characteristics of neuropsychology and psychoanalysis to understand the emergence of neuropsychoanalysis. This objective was reached through a bibliographic review. It was possible to verify the development of neuroscience and its implications on the psyche of the human being. Likewise, it was established the relevance and contributions of neuropsychology in the field of evaluation, diagnosis and rehabilitation of psychological alterations, especially cognitive ones. In the psychoanalysis section, the interest in the study of the unconscious and the importance of the childhood stage in the subject's life was highlighted. Finally, regarding neuropsychoanalysis, the way in which the contributions of neuropsychology and psychoanalysis are completed was enunciated, which gave rise to a new theoretical proposal of psychology.

Sports practice has a positive influence on physical and coordination maturity in childhood. This is a descriptive study and its purpose was to assess the differences in coordination skills, speed and flexibility, between children participating in extracurricular sports activities and a control group. 146 schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years old (92 boys and 54 girls) participated, 68 who practiced athletics, 49 soccer and 29 who did not perform any extracurricular activity. Three different tests were applied whose main objective was to determine the significant differences in the levels of visual-motor and general coordination (Test 3JS), speed-coordination (Test shuttle run 4x10) and extensibility of the hamstring muscles (Test Sit and Reach). Data are reported as mean and standard deviation. A descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been performed to examine the differences between the three groups (athletics, football and control group). The results of this analysis point to the existence of significant differences between the groups that perform extracurricular sports with respect to the control group. The soccer group is the one that shows the highest coordination index and the one that registers the lowest scores in flexibility. The athletics group is the one that shows the best index in flexibility and in task 5 (Slalom race, General dynamic coordination) of the 3JS Test. The control group obtained the lowest results in the different tests with respect to the schoolchildren who participated in extracurricular sports, except in the levels of flexibility, which are slightly better than the soccer group.

Los cuerpos cetónicos son pequeñas moléculas derivadas de la grasa que proporcionan energía a los tejidos cuando hay escasez de glucosa, como durante la inanición o el ejercicio prolongado y se transportan a través del torrente sanguíneo hacia los tejidos metabólicamente activos, como los músculos o el cerebro. El betahidroxibutirato (βHB) es un sustrato eficiente, que produce un 31 % más de energía en concreto 243,6 kcal/mol por molécula de carbono, frente a los 185,7 kcal/mol del piruvato. Tanto el diéster de acetoacetato R,S-1,3-butanodiol como el monoéster de cetona R-3-hidroxibutilo R-3-hidroxibutirato se han probado en atletas de élite con resultados variables. Además, la ingesta de sales cetogénicas de βHB produce efectos metabólicos significativos como la reducción de los niveles de glucosa y lactato en sangre, incremento del glucógeno muscular y mayor utilización intramuscular de triglicéridos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica con el objetivo de englobar toda la evidencia relacionada con los efectos de la ingesta de sales cetogénicas de βHB en la realización de ejercicio de resistencia. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en Pubmed y Elsevier siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, seleccionando finalmente 9 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos y abordaban la temática de forma específica. Los artículos examinados mostraron que la ingesta de sales cetogénicas de βHB no mejoran el rendimiento en el ejercicio de resistencia. La ingesta de sales cetogénicas de βHB elevan los niveles séricos de βHB. Una dosis mayor o menor de sales cetogénicas de βHB no muestran un resultado diferente en los test físicos de los estudios analizados. La ingesta de sales cetogénicas de βHB podrían tener un efecto negativo en el rendimiento en deportes de resistencia. Se necesitan más estudios que contengan dosis más altas de sales cetogénicas de βHB con la realización de test de resistencia de mayor duración a un nivel de intensidad alto de manera constante.

Given the importance of happiness for human beings, in this work an instrument was developed and evaluated to determine the level of happiness: the Sophie Model. For the evaluation, a factor analysis of the items was carried out; for the extraction of the factors, diagonally weighted least squares and a robust prominent rotation algorithm were used. The instrument was constructed from 78 items, which describe five dimensions of happiness: social relationships, life goals, inner balance, external vision and physical health. The instrument was applied to two samples of participants, together with the Subjective Happiness Scale: 417 people from Nicaragua (age 24.3 years ± 9.5 years, 60% women) and 71 people from Colombia (age 29.2 years ± 13.4 years, 51% women). According to the results obtained, unlike the initial model of the five dimensions proposed, the following were found: family, friends, physical health, external vision, purpose in life and internal balance, which has the appropriate adjustment indexes (RMSR, RMSEA, CFI, NNFI), as well as an adequate reliability estimated from Cronbach's alpha (α > 0.7). The Sophie Model and its subscales correlated positively and significantly (p < 0.05) with the Subjective Happiness Scale. For the Nicaraguan sample, it was found that professionals are happier than students (p < 0.05), but this result was not replicated in the Colombian sample. It was also found that the Colombian sample is happier than the Nicaraguan sample (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the Sophie Model and its five dimensions can explain happiness. Additionally, the instrument designed has adequate psychometric properties to estimate happiness, and can be used in evaluation studies of public and organizational policies and their impact on people's well-being. In subsequent studies, with a larger and more diverse sample, it will be possible to refine the instrument.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the disabilities that most affects the adult population (70%) today. At present, too much importance has been given to biomechanical factors and concern about them, such as maintaining correct postural hygiene, without paying attention to other factors such as the person's environmental context and economic conditions. In this review work we have tried to review in depth the causes, treatment and readaptation of chronic non-specific low back pain, which precisely corresponds to 85% of cases of low back pain. The databases used for the search for information were Scopus, Sportdiscus, Pubmed and different high impact journals according to Web of Science. Current evidence suggests that it should be evaluated and treated from a more integrated approach such as the biopsychosocial model, carried out by a multidisciplinary team, where the patient is an active part of the readaptation process, in which it will be as important to evaluate the different factors that have caused its appearance and treatment, as well as its prevention. Therefore, this work proposes an intervention based on a physical exercise program adapted and individualized to the conditions of the subject, as well as an educational intervention on the causes and evolution of this disability, avoiding the generation of kinesiophobic behavior triggering sedentary behavior.

Introduction: Gamification is an innovative methodology that uses game elements, such as, for instance, narrative, rewards, or avatars, to influence student´s motivation with the aim of improving the teaching and learning process. The main purpose of the systematic review presented in this protocol will be to examine the scientific literature on the effects of gamified didactic proposals in the context of Physical Education on learning and its mediators in schoolchildren. Method: The databases search following the search strategies and the download and collection in the reference manager will be completed from its insertion to December 2022. This search will include the following electronic bibliographic databases: Web of ScienceTM (all databases), Scopus, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, ERIC, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalTM. Results: This systematic review will be a useful resource for teachers and researchers belonging to the area from Physical Education, since they will be able to easily know the current evidence about the topic, to know how this methodology is designed and its effectiveness compared to traditional methodologies. Discussion and conclusions: The systematic review to be carried out in the near future can provide information on the recommended length of gamification programs in Physical Education, its unique elements for improve the teaching and learning process, as well as describe the impact of intrinsic motivation on academic performance, improve the participation and increase of physical activity levels.

Before starting any physical activity, it is common to warm-up. However, the effects of including stretching in the warm-up remain controversial, and so does the most appropriate type of stretching depending on the activity to be performed afterwards. Thus, the aim of this article is to establish a systematic review protocol to analyze the effects of including different types of stretching in the warm-up on motor performance. The different basic physical abilities (strength, endurance, speed, flexibility) and coordinative abilities (coordination, balance, agility) will be analyzed. To this end, a systematic review will be carried out by examining eight electronic databases (Web of Science™ (all databases), Scopus, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, Pub-Med, CINAHL, Cochrane Library Plus, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global™ and WorldCat), along with carrying out a complementary search phase (snowballing). This will be followed by a meta-analysis, where each selected study will be coded (study characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention characteristics, intervention outcomes) using an ad hoc code established by the research group and previously tested on a sample of studies at the beginning of the review. To ensure the methodological quality of the systematic review, as well as its accuracy and transparency, the PRISMA-P and Cochrane Handbook protocol for systematic reviews will be employed.

By 2020, depression is estimated to be the main cause of disability and the second leading contributor to the global burden of disease, affecting 340 million people worldwide [1]. Influence a person's thinking, actions, motivation, emotions, and well-being. Anhedonia is thought to be the primary symptom of depression, which refers to a loss of interest or pleasure in various activities that normally bring individuals happiness. Depression is a symptom of mood disorders, including major depressive disorder and dysthymia [2]. This review aims to describe the scientific literature that has explored the influence and effect of physical activity on symptoms of depression. Using the electronic databases Scopus, Psycho-info, CINAHL, PubMed and ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, I was able to locate publications on this issue using the following keywords: physical activity, physical effort, depression, depressive symptom, and anxiety. Physical activity is a significant role in reducing the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, independent of the subject's age, gender, or medical condition, as demonstrated by the 17 studies included in this study.