Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: Describe and analyze the level of Maternal Self-efficacy in adolescents from a second level hospital in the state of Guanajuato, in Mexico. Method: It was applied to adolescent mothers who attended a Maternity Hospital in the state of Guanajuato, the Perceived Maternal Parental Self-efficacy scale (α=0.98) was used, which consists of 20 Likert-type items and four subscales, as well as an identification card semi-structured for sociodemographic data, the latter, validated by experts. Ethical considerations were taken into account. Main Results: 72.7% of adolescent mothers presented a low level of self-efficacy, characterized by lack of ability and little experience in maternal care. Overall Conclusion: Maternal self-efficacy in adolescents is low, given the characteristics of development at this stage, coupled with motherhood, some mothers face the birth of a premature child, who in most cases ends up being hospitalized, having repercussions once More on self-efficacy. For nursing, adolescent mothers present a challenge for care, therefore, the need to describe this phenomenon is identified in order to create educational interventions based on maternal self-efficacy in adolescents.

Objective: To identify the available scientific literature on sexual assertiveness, self-efficacy and risky sexual behavior in adolescents. Method: Integrative review, in order to clarify the following question: What is the relationship between sexual assertiveness, self-efficacy and sexual risk behaviors in adolescents? The search was performed in the Web Of Science (WOS), EBSCOhost¸Scopus and GoogleScholar databases. Main results: 6 studies were analyzed, and their main findings are that self-efficacy influences CSR; condom use is not associated with self-efficacy, and self-efficacy is positively related to sexual debut; self-efficacy and self-efficacy in condom use is associated with saying no to engaging in sexual activity; self-efficacy was found to be a protective factor against health risk behaviors and CSR. General conclusion: Sexual assertiveness and self-efficacy may be factors that contribute to the development of skills to prevent CSR, behaviors that in recent years have caused various health problems in adolescents, who tend to be more prone to risky practices, this perhaps due to what the process of adolescence as such entails.

Objective: To determine the level of self-care in older adults who live in Morelia, Michoacán.  Method: This research had a quantitative, descriptive approach, with a non-experimental design and a cross section. The sample was selected for convenience and was made up of 100 older adults. Main Results: The main findings indicate that 42% have a high self-care capacity, 27% high, 19% regular, 8% low and only 4% very low.  General Conclusion: These days, despite the fact that there is a lot of information about the needs of the elderly, there are few interventions that do not remain a mere utopia. For this reason, it is essential to develop programs where this age group is attended from their spaces, emphasizing in the self-care requirements necessary to guarantee a quality of life. Also, giving a call to all the nurses is made to provide an adequate, optimal and personalized service.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about contraceptive methods in undergraduate nursing students. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in the period from June to August 2022. Students enrolled in the nursing degree at a private university in the Laja-Bajío region of Guanajuato, Mexico participated. The level of knowledge questionnaire on contraceptive methods was used. Main Results: 125 students between 18-27 years old participated, where females predominated (68%). The level of knowledge about contraceptive methods predominates the average level with 64%. General conclusion: Students enrolled in a health program have average knowledge about contraceptive methods, so this is advisable to delve into issues about their effectiveness and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the study plans.

In today's nursing, experience, updating, humanity and ethics are accompanied by a fruitful work with a promising future, like an unfading torch that illuminates the often dark and difficult path of the sick, convalescent or dying person. The nursing staff possesses a great deal of temperament, characteristic of those who have combined professional knowledge and ethical courage when providing care to people or groups vulnerable due to age, illness or those who need permanent guidance, such as families, adolescents and older adults, carriers of genetic or acquired comorbidities.

Objective: This article proposes a methodology for the literature on equity asset investment applied through Genetic Algorithms and their implementation in the business investment sector. Method: The study was carried out through a simulation of B&H, AT, and AG investment strategies on the equity index. The investment return maximization process for financial assets was developed by means of genetic algorithms, which were based on equations defined in chromosome classification with gene-immersive operations. It began with a random population of individuals with chromosomes representing a solution to achieve the greatest return possible. Results: The application of algorithms with the RSI generated returns that were 9% and 16% higher than with B&H and technical analysis means a greater investment risk for B&H with a volatility of 17.6%, but comparable to those shown by genetic algorithms and technical analysis. Conclusions: An improved risk-return ratio and efficiency in the key parameters of the Portfolio Theory is possible through investment strategies based on genetic algorithms including the RSI oscillator. This study suggests that an improvement of the return on investment may be expected through the stop loss and take profit parameters and a range of motion of the asset price prior to taking position.

This paper deals with veterinary macroscopic anatomy as an educational tool in elementary and high school in Brazil and the way it is taught in Brazilian public schools. The main objective is to know the development of macroscopic teaching in basic education, in order to demonstrate the relevance of knowing the anatomy of animals in practice. It is known that the teaching of both human and animal anatomy is linked to the teaching of the biological sciences, however, we realize that the teaching / learning of these students have been insufficient, as they present practical classes associated with the lack of interest of macroscopic anatomy, and there is also a certain indifference on the part of teachers and the institution itself to provide resources that lead teachers to bring knowledge from theory to practice. This study is evidenced by the qualitative character, removing from the objective of the research the answer to the above problematizing question.

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) or Osteoarthrosis (OA) is a common disease among dogs and is characterized by being progressive, minimally inflammatory and with non-neoplastic neoproliferative alterations, which causes considerable dysfunction in all joint structures with its subsequent failure. Affected animals present lameness, reluctance to move after rest and difficulty in performing certain activities, these being the earliest common signs. The outcome of these diseases can be aggravated by: obesity, genetic predisposition, age or trauma. Its diagnosis is based on anamnesis, patient history, physical and radiographic examination. OA treatments can be surgical or conservative depending on the case and aim to relieve discomfort and delay the development of degenerative changes and it is impossible to revert to existing pathological changes.

Introduction: Reservoirs are artificial aquatic ecosystems created by damming rivers, and are influenced by different sorts of impacts. Anthropic land use and occupation are one of the main causes of the loss of environmental quality and biological diversity in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of land use and occupation on the taxonomic and functional richness of benthic macroinvertebrates in reservoirs in the Brazilian semiarid region during a period of extreme drought. Material and methods: The study was conducted in six reservoirs located in the semiarid region from Brazilian Northeast (Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte states): Sabugí, Passagem das Traíras, Cruzeta, Cordeiro, Sumé and Poções. The collections of benthic macrofauna, physical and chemical variables of water and the mapping of land use and occupation were performed for the years 2014 and 2019, in June and September. The sampling period was characterized as the most severe drought in the last 50 years in this study area. The land use and occupation were verified through the semi-supervised classification method of images captured by the Landsat 8 satellite, within 100 meters of the reservoir margin. The diversity of benthic macrofauna was analyzed through the taxonomic richness and functional richness, according to five functional characteristics: feeding trophic groups, breathing mode, voltinism, body size  and body protection. To check for significant differences in physical and chemical water variables and taxonomic and functional richness among land use and land cover categories we performed PERMANOVA test. Results and Discussion: Seven land use and land cover categories were found in the reservoirs studied in the years 2014 and 2019, these are: water, agriculture, pasture, exposed soil, human occupation, open vegetation (native and exotic species of small/medium size with continuous spacing) and tree/shrub vegetation (native and exotic species of medium/large size with associated herbaceous stratum and predominance of semi-continuous dorsel). In all reservoirs the prevalent-use was pasture. Physical and chemical variables of water varied significantly among land use and land cover types, they were soluble reactive phosphate (p=0.02), total phosphorus (p=0.002) and water volume (p=0.01). The highest concentrations of total phosphorus were associated with predominant human occupation and soluble reactive phosphate with agriculture. The highest percentage of water volume was associated with a predominant use of tree/shrub vegetation. In reservoirs of semiarid regions with low connectivity due to intermittent rivers and extreme drought periods, adjacent anthropic activities such as agriculture, pasture and human occupation are the main external sources of nutrients. The taxonomic and functional richness of benthic macrofauna was higher in areas of open vegetation, however, it did not vary significantly between land use and land cover categories. Conclusions: Our results show that the effects of anthropic use and occupation in reservoirs associated with water scarcity lead to the homogenization of the macrobenthic community, which can generate negative consequences in processes sustained by the community.

Animals exhibit analogous behavioral conditions that are equivalent to certain human psychiatric illnesses. Animal psychiatry is a growing field as more information about animals is uncovered, such as their ability to understand and interact with their guardians as well as their environment. The most commonly reported psychiatric disorders in companion animals such as dogs and cats are generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The behavioral disorders of animals have great similarity with human psychiatry (such as generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control disorders and panic disorder), and thus, models developed through scientific work with animals, may help in the understanding of human psychiatry, increasing the importance of veterinary psychiatric actions, bringing elucidations for the behavioral pathologies of pets and providing elements of the scientific basis for the advancement of human psychiatric actions. Problem behaviors are often the result of how an animal manages to interconnect specific factors such as how they reflect, how they feel, the genetic influence of each individual, and the environmental influences to which they are exposed. By taking these aspects into account and moving away from only direct description diagnoses of pathologies, and focusing on emotional and cognitive causes, we can diagnose, treat, and manage behavioral pathologies in pets, as well as generate valuable information for the many areas of psychiatric practice. The veterinary psychiatrist must evaluate physical disorders that may lead to or exacerbate abnormal behaviors so that these are not mistakenly dismissed. From there, noting the patients' ethological changes, the focus should shift to mental and emotional health, ranging from an assessment of normal behavior to the diagnosis of mental and emotional disorders, addressing emotions of anxiety and frustration, as well as other disorders. For each of these situations, actions such as behavior modification, management of the animal's environment, training, and, when necessary, use of medication, are methodologies that the Pv professional can and should use to seek to maintain the patient's well-being. The owner's concerns should never be overlooked, including management problems, aggression, affective disorder, elimination disorder, abnormal and repetitive behaviors, and ageing-related problems. In all these cases, help should be offered to the guardians with theoretical and practical actions focused on normal and abnormal behavior in dogs and cats from the point of view of emotion and cognition; provides protocols for behavior modification, doses and indications of drugs, in order to assist in the management of the case.