Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The main objective of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the current care systems for children in situations of vulnerability in Argentina and Spain. Being a topic of special interest for social work, child care services are formed as spaces where struggles for rights and social, political and cultural interests are articulated. This study includes three central axes of discussion: a) the regulatory frameworks for the protection of children and their relationship with b) state actions and c) professional approach models. The methodology used was bibliographic review and the knowledge acquired by the author in research and intervention in Spain (2014-2019) and Argentina (2020-2022). In conclusion, we suggest that child protection in both countries poses challenges to achieve improvements in their performance against the structural problems that families face in contexts of inequality.

This paper aims to analyze the conditions of accessibility of public health benefits and services aimed at people with disabilities, based on the experiences and stories of adult women with disabilities.From an intersectional perspective, gender, class, ethnicity, nationality, age and disability are related to characterize the specific vulnerabilities that emerge from the conjunction of these factors. A relational perspective is adopted to think about accessibility to public policies, accounting for how the circuits of the public health coverage subsystem build and/or reinforce barriers to access to services, care and benefits.

This article aims to analyze community care strategies around food needs during the covid-19 context (2020/2021) in the city of Tandil based on the analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with referents from community-based care providers within the framework of the PISAC Covid Research Project 19 no 117 "Family care strategies in contexts of urban and rural poverty during the pandemic and post-pandemic by Covid 19 in Argentina".  The identification and analysis of the strategies allows us to notice the centrality of community organizations and, within them, the role of community caregivers, reinforcing traditional roles assigned to women.

Reflexionar acerca de las intervenciones en contexto de desigualdad(es) nos obliga a comprender los modos concretos en que éstas se manifiestan; al tiempo que nos permiten identificar quiénes son les sujetes, instituciones, organizaciones, comunidades y territorios, que enfrentan y asumen las condiciones estructurales desiguales, que son −y fueron− nodales para la constitución del Trabajo Social y que, además, configuran el escenario Latinoamericano actual. El inicio de la pandemia y la declaración del aislamiento −y luego distanciamiento− social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO y DISPO) en marzo del año 2020 reconfiguró la vida cotidiana y tensionó las esferas de lo social, lo político, lo cultural y lo económico, evidenciando las desigualdades preexistentes y estructurales. Ello derivó en nuevas formas emergentes de desigualdad social, caracterizadas por la inmediatez y la urgencia de las intervenciones profesionales, bajo la incertidumbre del después. La pandemia género el detenimiento de avances y logros conquistados y obligó a asumir esfuerzos comunitarios de quiénes se encontraban más vulnerables, a la vez que se resignificaban las intervenciones profesionales, tratando de asumir respuestas en contextos adversos. Por esto, aparece con fuerza la necesidad profunda y situada de recuperar un modelo de participación ciudadana y del Estado organizadas y planificadas de manera estratégica, es decir, entendiendo la salida de modo dialógico, intersectorial e interinstitucional y hacia el horizonte de la reconstrucción del lazo social. Recuperar un modelo integral de Estado y Sociedad implica reducir esas expresiones del acceso diferencial a los derechos; algo que se ha naturalizado y que es parte del nudo de la sociedad capitalista pero que, en este escenario, reproduce nuevas formas de conflictividad en las que intervienen factores económicos, políticos, sociales y culturales de manera interseccional. La interseccionalidad de lo desigual demuestra las múltiples formas de opresión que operan en les sujetes y que, interrelacionadas, demandan la intervención profesional con la pertinencia y responsabilidad de una realidad compleja. Sobre estas ideas, el presente número “Intervenciones en contexto de desigualdad: Confrontaciones y Emergencias frente al Estado”, se constituye como una posibilidad de evidenciar las nuevas configuraciones sociales y los modos en que se problematizan las desigualdades en este binomio Sociedad- Estado; girando en torno a las acciones posibles en la organización social de las comunidades, pero también en aquellas propias de un Estado presente. El Estado, desde un lugar de organizador, debe asumir una dirección estratégica e integradora de las políticas públicas y sociales, de forma dialógica, consensuada y  en articulación  con la sociedad, Las páginas siguientes, refuerzan algunas ideas sobre una trama social tensionada y las diversas estrategias de intervención y modos de abordaje de lo social que se constituyeron primero en una obligación y, segundo, en un punto de partida para reflexionar sobre qué Estado y qué Sociedad se hacen visibles en esta coyuntura y, por lo tanto, qué unidad es posible en contextos desiguales. En esta trama, el Trabajo Social se hace más evidente en dinámicas multidimensionales que incluyen procesos de salud e intervenciones interdisciplinarias, estrategias comunitarias, mujeres y disidencias y la política del cuidado, la educación sexual integral y el desafío constante de su implementación, la construcción de ciudadanía y trans* ciudadanía, organizaciones sociales y la reproducción social de la vida cotidiana, los barrios populares, sus luchas y resistencias, las infancias y la protección integral de sus derechos, las condiciones “reales” de accesibilidad a los derechos y la formación continua para la intervención profesional. Estas contribuciones y aportes para la construcción de conocimientos y saberes hacen de lo diario una trinchera. Para finalizar, entendemos que es necesario superar la idea dicotómica entre igualdad/desigualdad, como un binarismo contrapuesto y reconocer su carácter relacional. La pandemia y pospandemia, cristalizaron las tensiones y contradicciones pre existentes y recrudecieron un sistema excluyente. Las desigualdades son multicausales y responden a lógicas estructurales que forman parte de un entramado complejo y cambiante, en la medida que se resignifican y se interseccionan. En ese sentido, las intervenciones deben responder a este contexto y a un modelo de Estado y Sociedad emancipatorio, que reconozca y no reproduzca ni legitime las distintas formas de opresión. Las intervenciones en este contexto deben ser un dispositivo para la implementación de políticas públicas y sociales con un enfoque de derechos que permitan consolidar la trama de la organización social - estatal como salida colectiva. La intervención profesional, en diálogo con las políticas sociales, debe centrarse en el reconocimiento de derechos como una herramienta para la construcción de un Estado y Sociedad más justas. El después requiere de intervenciones responsables y comprometidas con esta realidad compleja y turbulenta bajo la premisa de la promoción, ampliación, defensa y exigibilidad de los derechos humanos para la superación de las desigualdades.

We invite you to read a recent work that addresses the problems of labor in Latin America from the perspective of ethnography. Under the direction of María Lorena Capogrossi and Hernán Palermo, this collective work brings together fifty-two works by researchers who aim to recover workers' experiences from a disciplinary field with a relatively recent trajectory in Latin America: the Anthropology of Labor. Twenty years after the publication of the Latin American Treatise on the Sociology of Labor (De la Garza Toledo, 2000), this work aims to recover the spirit of that edition, considering the reconfigurations in the field of labor studies and adopting an ethnographic perspective. In the contributions gathered in the Latin American Treatise on the Anthropology of Labor (2020) (hereinafter referred to as the Treatise), case studies take center stage in order to account for the continuities and transformations in labor issues in our continent.

This article presents the results obtained in a research called: "Comprehensive Sex Education (ESI) in State Schools in the Province of San Juan: Analysis of Meanings and Tensions around Its Implementation, from Normative Frameworks as well as from the Perspective of the Social Actors Involved Themselves”. It was developed in the Cabinet of Study and Research in Social Work (GEITS) and in the Institute of Socio-Economic Research (IISE), dependent on the Faculty of Social Sciences (FACSO), National University of San Juan (UNSJ), during the period 2019 -2021. It is important to point out that the researchers positioned themselves in the Human Rights Approach, the Gender Perspective and from the discipline of Social Work. The methodology used was qualitative, since it sought to recover points of view of the social actors themselves and interpret the meanings that they attribute to social situations they go through in their daily life.  In this way, the collection techniques used were: bibliographic diving; collection and analysis of content from various documentary sources, and in-depth interviews with key informants. Particularly, in this article the meanings and tensions present in the implementation of ESI in state schools in the province of San Juan will be examined, thus, the normative/conceptual frameworks linked to ESI will be taken and the discourses of the actors involved in its implementation will be assessed.  Finally, we will reflect on the role of the State in ESI, in pandemic and post-pandemic times.

Nelson Fregenal is a marketing referent of TUCMA - MNCI, a social organization from Tucumán, dedicated to generate opportunities for development, inclusion and equality. He is a Higher Technician in Social Economy and Local Development, teacher of Economics and Tourism at Technical High School No. 1. He lives and works in the town of La Cocha, in the south of the Province of Tucumán. In this interview he tells us about the different experiences that he has been developing since 2017 together with other members of the organization TUCMA - MNCI, among which are the Programs "From the Orchard to the Table", "Taking care of the pocket" and "Walk of Entrepreneurs" in addition to training activities in social economy and family farming.

Citizenship is the political category that legitimizes the new status of the Western subject today. Starting in the 18th century, two axes built the new modern political subjectivity: citizenship and human rights. Only that subject who possesses or acquires the status of citizen is perceivable as being considered human (Balza, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the experiences of trans*identity citizenship in the State of Campeche, Mexico. Life stories were collected from semi-structured interviews of 8 trans*people. The narratives were grouped into 4 categories: sexual citizenship, gender identity and expression, contexts, as well as exclusion and violence. It was identified that the difficulties and the opportunities for exercising the right to gender identity and expression are reproduced mainly in educational, family and work contexts, which contributes to scenarios of social exclusion as well as fringe attempts of inclusión throughout life. Furthermore, inclusion and belonging continue to be problematic in the legal, economic, and political spheres. Finally, the challenges of the recognition of trans * identities by the State in the mexican context are discussed.

This In the following writing, we intend to outline a conceptualization of the category "associative experiences" around Urban Solid Waste. Likewise, it is interesting to share first reflections on the centrality that work has in these experiences, within the framework of the popular economy in the city of Río Cuarto. Finally, it is important to expose the demands and disputes that these work experiences demand for recognition as workers, considering their particularities and complexities. These conceptual problematizations are linked to an ongoing research process corresponding to the Final Project of the Degree in Social Work. From the antecedents that emerged from the research team to which we belong and from the searches that we have been carrying out, the present work arises. For the purposes of this call, we seek to give visibility to the paths that these experiences have been building in their disputes for the recognition of their status as workers.

In this article we intend to account for how neoliberal rationality operates in State interventions in the territories through socio-criminal management, in this case with adolescents on whom an alternative measure to deprivation of liberty was imposed. In a context marked by deep inequality, where more than 50% of children and adolescents are poor, the interventions directed towards them appear more oriented towards transforming behaviors than structural conditions. In this sense, we consider that there is an individual responsibility of the subjects along with a structural lack of responsibility whose expression we observe in institutions and social processes called protection. To account for this, we will analyze two current programmatic proposals in the province of Buenos Aires that are aimed at these adolescents, understanding them as devices that aim to combine care objectives, but also socio-penal control.