Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The payroll and billing management of the Zonal Coordination 4 of the Ministry of Public Health that performs the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security Portoviejo for medical care in 2019 directly impacts its economy, so the purpose of this research is to analyze the impact management and measure efficiency in payroll and billing through management indicators. The method applied is descriptive, explanatory, non-experimental, transactional, a documentary analysis of the entire payroll and billing process for the year 2019 was carried out with statistical data; the population of this study was: an official in charge of opening files, two medical auditors, two payroll officials and a collection official. The main results found in 2019 was 0% management and a loss of more than one million dollars was obtained, which was assumed in that fiscal year by the Ministry of Public Health. It is concluded that the payroll and billing management had a negative impact by not charging for the medical service, due to the lack of application of management indicators and for not following the management process of the current regulations, in addition to the professionals in charge of the management. and execution are doctors who do not have professional training in Business Administration or related and highly valued resources are being wasted. It is recommended to carry out research after the year under study, to correlate the impact after applying the recommended strategies. 

Educational institutions require committed collaborators that feel empowered by the progress and well-being of the establishment. For this, it is necessary that educational managers can do an equitable distribution of activities, generate changes and continuous improvements for the educational center. Also, it is important allows the institutional development through actions that support and encourage teamwork. The general objective of the research was to provide a theoretical conception about educational management and its impact on the organizational leadership of the “11 de Octubre” educational center, determining the theoretical fundamentals that support educational management. Methodologically, the scientific article was structured under non-experimental descriptive research. It were used the following methods: inductive-deductive, historical-logical and analysis-synthesis. It allowed to obtain relevant information about educational management and organizational leadership. Among the main conclusions, the relationship between the educational manager and organizational leadership was established. Also was found the importance of its application in the educational system in reference to process improvement and the positive impact on organizational environment that promotes teachers and managers work.

This research makes a theoretical analysis of how the Ecuadorian banana sector has evolved since the last decade, addressing the economy and productivity dimensions, emphasizing the differentiation between the pre- and post-pandemic stage. The need to enrich the state of the art of this line of research has been identified because the existing literature on it differs considering that the sources of information that are taken as reference for statistical production present different data from each other, therefore, at the end an analysis of the official data taken from the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) is carried out. The type of research is descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional and with a mixed approach, which used techniques such as bibliographic review and documentary review. The findings allowed to determine that the Ecuadorian banana sector has had a positive evolution in the last decade, it has a greater reception in the international market than in the local one, especially in the European one, it is one of the two main ones of the non-oil trade balance, was in better conditions to face the COVID-19 pandemic, the ravages did not considerably affect its growth and an encouraging outlook is even expected for the coming years since investments have been made since 2019 which have allowed the Ecuadorian banana to acquire a competitive advantage over its competitors and the world market. 

La presente investigación enfoca su importancia en la conseción de la medida cautelar de prisión preventiva de forma indiscriminada y con inobservancia de los requisitos legales contenidos en el artículo 354 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP), y como la sanción pecunaria impuesta tanto a jueces como a fiscales es la más adecuada para prevenir que siga sucediendo. La finalidad es determinar la incidencia que tiene la aplicación de la medida cautelar de prisión preventiva de la libertad en principios como la presunción de inocencia o la mínima intervención penal, aparte de los derechos vulnerados como son el debido proceso, la seguridad jurídica y la tutela judicial efectiva, haciendo uso del derecho comparado para determinar que la sanción disciplinaria actualmente impuesta en el Ecuador para este tipo de controversias es la menos adecuada, permitiendo resaltar a la sanción pecunaria como la más efectiva en procesos de repetición contra jueces y fiscales, ya que los obliga a retribuir el daño causado con sus patrimonios.

The objective of this research is to analyze whether environmental factors influence the purchase decision of organic products of the Ecuadorian consumer using the theory of planned behavior. The methodology for the study of environmental factors in the purchase decision of the Ecuadorian consumer is through a non-probabilistic sample, applied to 391 people, which has been developed with the snowball method using a model of Structured survey with the Likert scale, with the help of the structural equation model, where key information is collected about the influence of environmental factors in the purchase of organic products by the consumer in Ecuador. The results confirmed the acceptance of the hypotheses raised in the research, showing that environmental factors positively influence the decision to purchase organic products. In addition, the variable of purchase intention and knowledge of the organic product are strong indicators for the inclination in the decision to purchase organic products. From this information, important data can be obtained as a basis for future research. 

This article details the information and processes necessary for a company to become an exporter of processed products, due to the fact that a pig farming company located in the province of El Oro - Ecuador has been identified. The objective is to propose an internationalization plan for the introduction of a line of pork meat products, of a pork production and marketing company, through the development of an international marketing plan, aimed at consumers in the Mexican market. The problem presented by the company is the lack of knowledge of the marketing process, as well as the requirements for the entry of the product into Mexican soil. The methodology of this research is cross-sectional, bibliographical and explanatory, to complement the research, a deductive market study of the destination country is carried out, through cultural and economic study, which includes all the secondary information that serves as support for market research. The main results show that Mexico is an attractive market for this type of product, due to its high rates of pork consumption, with an upward trend, it becomes an attractive market to introduce this product line.

The study carried out involves methodological strategies as a stimulus for the development of linguistic awareness in teacher training, from this perspective, it is necessary to contribute to this training to achieve the development of oral expression and reading comprehension of our children and young people. , according to the results of MINEDUC (2014), the percentages are very low and lacking to respond to the Ser Tests. The main objective was to develop a program of methodological strategies as a stimulus to understand linguistic awareness in the teacher training of Initial Education of the University From Guayaquil. To achieve this objective, research methods such as analytical, synthetic, inductive - deductive, constructivist approach, descriptive type were used. Of the empirical documentary study, observation, survey. This guaranteed the main results on the definitions of semantic and phonological awareness necessary for the beginning of oral expression, verbal and non-verbal manifestations in the first years of schooling, it is necessary for the teacher to use the appropriate strategies to favor the performance of children. and young people to respond to reading, to Ser tests efficiently, ensuring that teachers have better writing skills, fluency in verbal expression.

Social responsibility creates a competitive advantage between companies in the economic, social, environmental, and ethical aspects of such an organization. The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship that exists between social responsibility and the finances of companies Machala. A literature review and field research to companies was carried out, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive and historical scope, the collection of information was elaborated by means of a survey of 19 questions to a sample of 377 companies: The survey measures in three dimensions such as financing, environmental actions, organizational philosophy, and ethical values. The results show that 62.2% of the companies surveyed have acquired a bank loan in the last two years; 91.5% of the businesses have mission and vision; In addition, it was reported that 61% of the companies in the city of Machala maintain plans of action for the care of the environment. 

This article will analyze the legal system with respect to the classification of crimes that admit preventive detention when their maximum penalty is derisory and its impact on the overcrowding of Ecuadorian prisons in the face of the need to make prisons a space that allows reintegration from those deprived of liberty to society. For this, a type of descriptive investigation was used, through which the reality about the use of preventive detention within the Ecuadorian criminal procedure is described. From what was obtained as a result that the judicial procedure is oriented to request by the prosecution in most cases the imposition of preventive detention which is accepted by the judges, causing an overpopulation of approximately 30 % in the country's prison infrastructure. Given this situation, it is concluded that although preventive detention is constitutionally considered an exceptional measure, the principle of presumption of innocence is violated when it is requested and ordered disproportionately, showing the lack of applicability of non-custodial precautionary measures.

In the preamble to the financial crisis caused by COVID 19, the need arises to create enterprises that promote the development of the country. The objective of this project was to support one of the most affected sectors during the pandemic: the food services sector in a marginalized community in the municipality of Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico. For this, a food delivery startup called ixfood.mx was created based on the methodology of the Canvas business model. This enterprise has generated jobs and has allowed the adaptation to the new needs that arose in a neglected market for this geographical area. Also through the realization of strategic alliances, the use of platforms, QR codes, social networks, etc. Support has been given to micro and small businesses dedicated to food preparation by granting them publicity, a home delivery service and more forms of payment; tools that are not always available as they are small businesses with limited capacities. This venture was the first in the area mentioned and allowed businesses to continue offering their food in the area, while generating profits for investors and jobs for the area, so the Canvas model developed, can be replicated in other areas and thus contribute to regional socioeconomic development. Keywords: Canvas model, food, entrepreneurship, startup