Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La situación contextual actual evidencia profundas crisis sociales, económicas y ambientales. La disciplina del diseño requiere acoplarse a los cambios y necesidades contemporáneas y para ello es necesario mirar hacia otros enfoques teóricos que permitan la emergencia de nuevas maneras de mirar y hacer diseño. En este escrito, se recorre por estudios que relacionan el diseño con lo social, el consumo y las prácticas, así como en las nociones básicas de la Teoría de la Práctica Social (TPS). De allí, se analizan casos en los que se han puesto en diálogo el diseño y la TPS. En el recorrido se construye un estado de la cuestión en torno a las posibilidades derivadas del diálogo entre estas dos para, finalmente, evidenciar el potencial de esta relación para el enriquecimientodel marco teórico y práctico de la disciplina. Palabras clave: Diseño, Teoría de la práctica social, contexto, crisis, objeto. AbstractThe current contextual situation shows deep social, economic and environmental crises. The discipline of design requires the adaptation to contemporary changes and needs and for this it is necessary to look towards other theoretical approaches that allow the emergence of new ways of looking at and doing design. This paper goes through studies that relate design to the social, consumption and practices, as well as the basic notions of the Theory of Social Practice (TPS). From there, cases are analyzed in which design and TPS have been put into dialogue. In the tour, a state of the matter is built around the possibilities derived from the dialogue between these two to finally show the potential of this relationship for the enrichment of the theoretical and practicalframework of the discipline.Keywords: Design, Social Practice Theory, context, crisis, object.

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Rubber wood can be used after latex exploration however, the high contents of carbohydrates contribute to its low biological durability, making natural drying impossible. Wood treatment with silver nanoparticles can improve physical, mechanical and biological properties, catalyze the drying process, reduce hygroscopicity, and increase dimensional stability and biological resistance. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of impregnation of silver nanoparticles and vaporization on the drying rate, volumetric, radial and tangential contractions and the anisotropy coefficient of Hevea brasiliensis wood. Samples from two clones (PB311-MDF180 and TP875) were subjected to a vaporization process for 24 hours to increase permeability, also to an application of vacuum (750 mmHg) to remove vessels and pits obstructions, and subsequently to impregnation with silver nanoparticles (22 ppm). The variables were monitored (every 15 minutes until the samples reached 12 % moisture) of the mass loss and dimensions of the pieces submitted to drying in an oven (65 °C). In general, the treatments with previous application of 30 and 60 minutes of vacuum followed by impregnation of silver nanoparticles (I30 and I60, respectively) had the best performance. Thus, the impregnation with silver nanoparticles provides significant gains in drying time and dimensional stability of rubber wood.

Crop production systems increasingly require sustainable practices such as organic fertilization. Crops like Physalis peruviana L., commonly known as Cape gooseberry, still lack information on the use of organic compost as an alternative to increase productivity. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of doses of organic compost on the growth and initial development of P. peruviana L. in a dystrocohesive Yellow Latosol. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with six treatments of rates of the organic fertilizer (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 t ha-1) and an additional control with chemical fertilization. Each treatment consisted of 15 replications. The variables evaluated were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, shoot dry mass, and root volume. Cape gooseberry cultivated with organic compost showed growth comparable to those cultivated in soil without fertilization. In this study, the organic fertilizer produced from tree pruning waste and animal manure compost promoted significant gains in height (27.83 cm plant-1), stem diameter (9.23 mm plant-1), number of leaves (51.12 plant-1), number of fruits (5.33 plant-1), shoot dry mass (2.04 g plant-1), and root volume (0.70 g plant-1). The organic compost at the rate 45 t ha-1 provided the largest number of fruits, and therefore, it is recommended for the production of Cape gooseberry in dystrocohese Yellow Latosol.

The Marajó archipelago is known for buffalo farming, and has a large concentration this species in the area. Thirty-eight percent of the buffalo in Brazil are located in the Marajó archipelago. The aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic, productive, and technological aspects of the buffalo milk production system in the municipalities belonging to the region of Arari, Cachoeira do Arari, Soure, and Santa Cruz do Arari in the archipelago of Marajó, Pará. Forty questionnaires containing 25 questions each were distributed to buffalo milk-producing farms. We carried out a hierarchical grouping of producers in which we divided them into four groups. Seventy percent of the producers responded that they produce milk only for marketing purposes. Buffalo milk production in Marajó is concentrated in small properties. Sixty-seven percent of the interviewees responded that food is the main limitation for production. Eighty percent of producers produced milk during some months of the year, and 42% did not develop alternatives to improve their pastures. Most producers (75%) responded that they did not receive technical assistance on their properties. Thus, in this region, the production systems predominantly consist of family farmers without technical assistance and with low use of technology, which limits the growth of dairy activity in the Arari region of the Marajó archipelago. There is a need to develop public policies that improve access to credit and to technical assistance to strengthen production systems in the region.

The number of feed mills manufacturing aquafeeds has increased considerably, and as a consequence so has the range of quality commercial fish feeds. A better knowledge of the actual composition of feeds available in the Brazilian market is key to meet the main challenges currently come across by fish farmers: hampered growth rate and increased incidence of diseases of stocked fish. Mineral and vitamin contents, proximal composition, in vitro pepsin digestibility and peroxide values were thus determined in 15 commercial tilapia Oreochromis spp. feeds (32% protein contents, grower phase) marketed in Brazil from 2017 to 2020 with the aid of atomic spectrometry and HPLC techniques. A broad range of mineral and vitamin contents were registered among the samples and also in comparison to recommended values in specialized literature. Particularly, all diets registered excessive amounts of trace mineral elements as Fe that registered up to 13 times the recommended requirement and also Cu (up to 43.35 mg/kg) and Mn (up to 114.28 mg/kg). The vitamin A (mean value registered 2538.55 IU/kg) were lower than the recommended requirement in 13 out of the 15 sampled commercial feeds. The highest peroxide values of feeds were associated with low pepsin digestibility. The results were discussed in the context of available information on the dietary mineral and vitamin requirements for tilapia Oreochromis spp.

The research aimed to evaluate the potential of the soil transposition technique in the restoration of a degraded area in the Seridó Desertification Center, through the analysis of edaphic respiration. Seven areas from different microregions of the semi-arid region of Paraíba were selected for soil transposition and allocation to a degraded area. The design was in randomized blocks, consisting of eight treatments: one referring to the control (degraded area) and the others, to soils transported from conserved areas in microregions, and four blocks, totaling 32 experimental units. Monthly analysis of soil respiration measured by absorption of CO2 with the KOH solution was carried out. With the exception of the soil from the Sousa microregion, all soils transported from the other microregions presented CO2 values ​​higher than those of the degraded area, demonstrating that the soil transposition technique is efficient for this variable.

Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) stand out as the most harmful pests to fruit crops in different parts of the planet. Biological pest control is one of the alternatives used in integrated management programs for fruit flies to help reduce the population density of these insects. This work aims to contribute to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the distribution of fruit flies in the territory of Pará, identifying species of occurrence, their host plants and their parasitoids. The study was conducted in a representative municipality of Nordeste Paraense, particularly in the municipality of Tomé-açu. The fruit samples were randomly collected. The emerged parasitoids were identified in the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Eastern Amazon and Embrapa Amapá. In the municipality of Tomé-Açu, acerola (Malpighia punicifolia), taperebá (Spondias mombin), guava (Psidium guajava), ingá (Inga edulis) and mango (Mangifera indica) are important population repositories of fruit fly species. Only Anastrepha species occur and infest fruit trees in the studied region. We report the first associations for the State of Pará: A. sororcula and A. fraterculus in carambola (Averrhoa carambola); A. obliqua in camu camu (Myrciaria dubia), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), abiu (Pouteria caimito) and mango. And yet, the first association of A. distincta in mango for Brazil.

The species Bixa orellana L. is native to the Amazon and is in high demand due to the pharmacological properties of its fruits. However, research on germination and seedling production is incipient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination percentage with and without mechanical scarification of Bixa orellana L. seeds associated with commercial substrate or sand. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with four treatments and four replications each. The germination rate and number of normal seedlings per treatment were determined. In addition to these parameters, the germination speed index, root and shoot length, and fresh and dry biomass of the seedlings were evaluated. The germination rate and normal and abnormal seedlings were expressed in percentage. In relation to the other parameters, the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.01), with application of the Pearson correlation matrix (p<0.01) to the parameters. The germination rate showed higher values in sand (83%) and in commercial substrate (82%), and higher germination speed index when the seeds were scarified. The germination percentage was higher when sand was used and when the seeds were scarified. Thus, under nursery conditions, scarification was favorable to seed germination in both substrates.

The peach tree (Prunus persica) is one of the main fruit specie in temperate climate in the world, and its fruits are appreciated for fresh consumption or processed. The use of clonal rootstocks for peach trees is being promoted in the main producing countries, aiming at the preservation of genetic characteristics in selected genotypes. In the present research, the objective was to carry out a screening in 12 clonal selections of rootstocks (Prunus persica) to evaluate adventitious rooting capacity of softwood cuttings under intermittent mist system, comparing them with three reference cultivars. After fifty-three days of cutting set, determinations of nine variables were carried out, and in all of them there were significant differences among treatments. The screening allowed identification of rootstock selections that showed adventitious rooting capacity similar or even superior to the reference cultivars Capdeboscq, Okinawa and Sharpe, indicating advances in the selection process. Cutting mortality, in general, was high and occurred mainly before rooting initiation, indicating early leaf fall. Among tested selections, VEH-AGA-12-06, RB-MAC-12-08 and RB-MAC-12-09 stood out with the highest percentages of live rooted cuttings, and VEH-AGA-12-04 as to root number and root length.