Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In this article, we study the literature of Valparaiso from the 1906 earthquake to 2020. We propose that the trajectory of the city can be interpreted through the representations of the Tower of Babel in Brueghel's painting and Anthonisz’s engraving, that is, from the tower under construction and the tower in ruins, which allow us to interpret the texts of a series of writers who portray the collapse of the cosmopolitan and thriving city of the nineteenth century. Drawing on geocriticism, philosophy, literary theory, and historiography, we analyze the progressive economic, social, and urban decadence of Valparaíso, a space that ends up becoming a city in ruins in the second part of the 20th century.

At present there are several instruments to evaluate linguistic performance at different ages, however, in relation to early childhood assessments, research has obtained divergent results highlighting the need for functional evaluative approaches. This hinders the screening of children who require intervention, and in turn slows down the process of achieving therapeutic objectives. The purpose of this study is to make a first description of the psychometric measures of validity and reliability of the Language Use Inventory (LUI) in Chile. This is a questionnaire that is considered a functional evaluation since it provides linguistic information through the report of the parents in their natural context. Method: The design was non-experimental analytical and had a sample consisting of 150 children aged 18 to 47 months attending kindergartens belonging to the National Board of Kindergartens (JUNJI). Of the 150 parents who completed the instrument, 14% completed it a second time 2 weeks later to determine test-retest reliability. Results: the internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's Alpha and its results varied between 0.84 and 0.88, which suggests that the LUI is a valid instrument to be applied in children who speak Chilean Spanish. On the other hand, the reliability test retest was calculated with Spearman-Brown, which yielded a positive correlation concluding that it is a reliable instrument. Conclusions: This study is the first to provide psychometric information on LUI in Chile and its results indicate that it is a valid and reliable instrument to be applied in preschool children. 

The use of the picturebooks for multimodal reading work at all educational levels is an appropriate practice that adjusts to the new educational approaches and develops communicative and literary competence. The objective of this research is to confirm the usefulness of the picturebooks through a literary workshop carried out with university students on the Degree in Primary Education, creating texts based on Suzy Lee's Wave. It is based on a quasi-experimental design on a non-probabilistic sample of 114 students, with data collected before and after the intervention, with the first section of a validated initial form of 17 items about picturebooks and the relationships between text and illustration. These data are expanded in the second collection with other section of 5 items on the students' perception of at what stage they consider the use of these books more convenient in the classroom, the silent picturebooks and the different relationships between text and image (redundancy, complementarity and contradiction). In the results of the quantitative analysis, the variance for repeated measures has shown statistically significant differences (p < .01) in the seventeen items analyzed and a high effect size in those related to the recognition of its communicative elements and the importance in teacher training. The qualitative analysis of the stories made to complete the silent picturebook is included, one before the workshop and another after, to confirm that the latter also have greater creativity and take better advantage of the characteristics of the picturebooks. It concludes by confirming the usefulness of the picturebooks for the development of communicative and literary skills, proposing the application of these workshops in school stages to confirm the importance of creativity and multimodal reading.

The interrogative intonation that occurs in the Canary Islands is characterized in a general way (Dorta, Martín y Jorge Trujillo, 2018 for the main islands; Díaz Cabrera and Jorge Trujillo, 2021, for La Graciosa), for presenting a circumflex movement, that is, a final tonal peak with subsequent decline. This last peak can occur at the same level as the initial peak ([L+H*]) or at a higher altitude than it, thereby giving an upstep ([L+¡H*])From the perceptual point of view, in a previous work (Dorta, Díaz y Hernández, 2018) it was investigated about the perception that Canarian auditors have on the absolute interrogative patterns with different configuration (ascending, circumflex and descending) coming from different varieties of Spanish, and it was seen that circumflex pattern with upstep, after the ascending one, is recognized in higher percentages than when it lacks such upstep. In this work the variety of the auditor and the upstep sentence is also the canary.In this framework, the main objective of the present study is to see the degree of recognition of circumflex interrogative sentences with upstep ([L+¡H*]) and without it ([L+H*]). For this purpose, a perception test was carried out with 36 re-synthesized stimuli (for the two sentence varieties) from emissions of two men from Gran Canaria and Tenerife in which there is a tendency to nuclear accent with and without upstep, respectively.The perception test was listened to by 51 students from the two largest islands of the archipelago (Tenerife and Gran Canaria) and it shows that what guarantees the best or worst identification of a circumflex interrogative stimulus is not the variety relationship of the auditor-stimulus, but the greater or lesser pitch of the nuclear peak (upstep vs. non- upstep).

The discourse in the field of Public Administration can be difficult to understand for laypeople. For this reason, the Plain Language movement has arisen, in the framework of which a series of linguistic recommendations are proposed to help public employees to write simpler texts addressed to the public. In this context, the aim of this work is to adapt to plain language a corpus of phraseology used in texts of the Spanish Administration. It also includes a quantification of the recommendations used in the clarification process. For this purpose, a corpus of phrases corresponding to five textual genres is used. These sentences are adapted into plain language by two linguists and then reviewed for legal accuracy by an administrative law specialist. The result is a proposal for legally accurate clarification of sentences from administrative texts. The impact of the different plain language recommendations on clarification is also determined. Specifically, those most frequently used correspond to the morphosyntactic level. 

Undoubtedly, when we talk about violence, one of the archetypal examples in 21st century Mexico is the forced disappearance and murder of the 43 students from Ayotzinapa. This extremely tragic event profoundly marked the relationship between the population and the institutions of that country. Precisely from the wounds of this visceral violence, Pierre Ducrozet has succeeded in his novel in extracting essential elements to describe today's world. Taking this State crime as a starting point, Ducrozet constructs, with the help of a fictional character who escapes the massacre and flees to the United States, a whole travelogue that illustrates our current times with great skill. In his text we also find the age-old human aspiration for immortality. The characters, moved by a transhumanist spirit, seek to overcome human limitations through technology. This is how this novel allows us to study the role of violence in attempts at human enhancement. This article aims to decipher this relationship and explore one of the possible ways to legitimize transhumanism. To do so, we will bring to the surface three key concepts in the novel: subaltern corporeality, violence and movement.

One of the most interesting aspects that Latin American narrative has assumed in the last twenty years is the one that deals with the non-normative mother, that is, the woman who cannot or does not want to fulfill the maternity mandates that society imposes on her to be appreciated as “a good mother”. This social subject has found a privileged space in fantasy literature. This is proven by the works of Valeria Luiselli, Ariana Harwicz, Samanta Schweblin or Mónica Ojeda, to name just a few of the most important authors in the region. This article analyzes three of the stories that could be considered as the antecedents of this type of literature: "The last summer" (1984) by Amparo Dávila, "Artemisa" (1990) by Pía Barros and "Consagradas" (1996) by Diamela Eltit.

On June 28, 1919, the First World War was brought to an end with the signing of the Versailles Peace Treaty. With this act, the German Empire also declared its renunciation of all its overseas colonies. Intense political reactions immediately arose within Germany, which saw argumentative interventions that quickly ended up generating a specific linguistic framework. In what follows, the dominant discursive acts generated by Germany’s loss of status as a colonial empire will be examined. The study of the linguistic architecture erected will allow us to reconstruct not only the disputes about German colonialism, but also to reveal the beginnings, elements, and development of the heterogeneous narratives about this historical phase of the German Empire. The argumentative construction expresses support for concrete narratives that will transcend their hegemonic time and, therefore, they should not be seen in any case as mere national fantasies, but as catalysts of a specific facticity and a persistent historical memory

The digital economy provides a good dose of efficiency and it brings about more benefits than costs. However, nothing guarantees that there will be no further costs or that these benefits will remain over time. A competition deficit in any sector, even more so in the digital economy, requires strong public policy measures and the development of an ecosystem characterized by reasonable contestability. Negative externalities— including privacy issues, consumer rights and misuse of information, among others—should also be controlled through public action. This article first explains how these business models behave differently, as opposed to traditional industries, and considers recent developments in the European and American jurisdictions. It then identifies the challenges ahead and possible solutions from the perspective of both regulatory and competition policies, as complementary measures, while highlighting the balance that must prevail between embracing investments and innovation, and protecting the public interest.