Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: COVID 19 is a pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with several groups vulnerable to complications of infection such as patients with lung cancer, associated with immunosuppression due to the oncospecific treatment imposed. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention on Covid-19 in patients with lung cancer and their families. Methodology: A quasi-experimental, before-after study was carried out through an educational intervention during the period from the first of September 2020 to October 31 of that same year, through an applied survey. The intervention was designed in three stages: diagnostic, intervention itself and evaluative. Results: A significant increase in the level of adequate knowledge was observed after the educational intervention on generalities of Covid-19 (84.8%), signs and symptoms of disease (95.7%), complications (82.6%), prevention measures (100%) and susceptibility to Covid-19 (93.5%). Discussion: the educational intervention allows to increase the perception of the risk in those who receive it, guaranteeing a better act in them. Conclusions: the educational intervention increased knowledge about Covid-19 and its effectiveness was demonstrated.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of death in the world, however, the application of immunotherapy has improved the quality of life and overall survival. Objective: To characterize the current health status of patients with long-survival NSCLC treated with active Cuban immunotherapy in the province of Matanzas. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted in 24 patients with a cytohistological diagnosis of NSCLC treated with active Cuban immunotherapy, in the Provincial Oncology Service of Matanzas, from January 2010 to July 2021. The data were obtained through the medical records and reports of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the "Faustino Pérez" Hospital. Results and discussion: Patients with long-survival NSCLC were mostly men, with a white complexion, older than 60 years, with a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, stage IIIB-IV, with first-line treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed by active immunotherapy with Vaxira and CIMAvax-EGF, associated with a survival of 5 to 15 years and low lethality. Conclusions: Patients treated with active immunotherapy presented long survival associated with a better quality of life.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a group of tumors that can show similar clinical and homogeneous histological aspects, however, with a very diverse biological behavior and a great variability in the response to treatment. The current histological classification based on hematoxylin eosin does not allow to identify the patients who will present better responses and benefits with the different therapeutic modalities. Immunohistochemistry is related to the chemical activity of cells and tissues. Objective: To explain the importance of immunohistochemistry in therapeutic selection in breast cancer. Methodology: We consulted the literature related to the topic and carried out this review. Results and discussion: Taking into account the advances obtained with the immunohistochemistry technique, it is possible to have a more accurate prediction of behavior, allow a personalized therapy with better control of the disease, relapse-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions: The development of immunohistochemistry allows personalized therapies according to subtypes in breast cancer, achieving significant benefits in disease control and survival.

Introduction: It is defined as the condition that affects the lung parenchyma because the tissues become thick and hard, hindering its elasticity and the passage of oxygen to the blood vessels. Objective. - Conduct a bibliographic review about the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pulmonary fibrosis. Materials and methods: In the present review, an exhaustive search was conducted for information on pulmonary fibrosis in databases such as UpToDate, Springer, Google Scholar, PUBMED, Journals and official pages of world information on Covid 19. Conclusion: The main imaging tests to detect the presence of fibrosis were identified, as well as treatments to improve the quality of life of patients after hospital discharge.

Forensic anthropology values several specific characteristics of the individual such as height, sex, racial pattern to individualize and identify corpses in rotting states or skeletal reduction phase, having as a premise a comparative study between premortem and postmortem information; The teeth, thanks to their anatomical disposition and composition, remain intact for prolonged periods of time, preserving transcendental information for identification. The objective of the research was to establish the height of a person based on the dimensions of the dental structures in the students of the third semester of the Dental Career of the National University of Chimborazo, where a quantitative cross-sectional, correlational research was conducted of hypothesis testing. Fifty study models were collected, in which the mesio-distal measurements of the lower anterior parts of both the right and left sides were determined. The data were recorded on a data collection sheet using the observation technique, applying the Carrea Method. After having performed a statistical analysis, it was concluded that there is no significant difference between the actual height and that obtained by the Carrea Method, making it a feasible formula for determining the height in the identification.

Introduction: Painful bladder syndrome or also called interstitial cystitis (IC/BPS) is a chronic pelvic pain disorder that is perceived as originating in the bladder and is accompanied by one or more symptoms of the lower urinary tract, without other identifiable cause. Objective: Analyze the most current information regarding the pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches of Bladder Pain Syndrome. Methodology: A systematic review of the scientific literature on Bladder Pain Syndrome: Physiopathology and current therapeutic approaches was conducted based on articles obtained from different databases such as: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Medigraphic, Cochrane, Medline, ElSevier, etc.; publishing during the last five years and that contained up-to-date and relevant information. Results: IC/BPS encompasses several clinical phenotypes with different pathophysiological mechanisms and, therefore, different therapeutic management. Two subtypes are currently recognized: IC/BPS with Hunner's lesions or interstitial cystitis (IC) and IC/BPS without Hunner's lesions or painful bladder syndrome (BPS). IC is an inflammatory disease associated with an immune response and infection, with various histopathological findings and treatment focused on restoring localized lesions in the bladder mucosa; while BPS is a non-inflammatory disorder associated with systemic hypersensitivity probably due to neurophysiological and/or endocrine alterations, with few or even no histological findings and with therapeutic strategies similar to those used in the management of other somatic syndromes. This classification into phenotypes is important because it facilitates the treatment of the disease and favors future research, achieving a better understanding of the pathophysiology and, therefore, of the management of this syndrome. Conclusion: IC/BPS is a pathology of chronic pelvic pain, of still unknown etiology. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified depending on the phenotype, which influence the histopathological findings. Likewise, the clinical manifestations vary depending on the cystoscopy abnormalities. Finally, the therapeutic approach must be individualized and according to the type of this syndrome. 

Objective: To compare the results of the application of the growth curves of the World Health Organization and those adapted for Ecuadorians, in children from 7 to 10 years of age in the province of Manabí. Methodology: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. The population is made up of Manabi children between 7 and 10 years old, a sample of 148 subjects. Inclusion criteria: 7 to 10 years old, Ecuadorian nationality, enrollment in an educational institution, informed consent by parents, attend during the measurement dates. Those who did not attend or resisted were excluded. The variables studied are age, sex, height and weight, BMI. The data were analyzed using the IBM – SPSS 25 statistical package. Cohen's Kappa index was used to compare the concordance between both instruments. Results: The WHO growth curves allowed us to categorize 87.2% of the subjects with normal height, 1.4% tall height, 11.5% short stature; 47.3% normal weight, 40.5% overweight, 8.8% obesity, 3.4% underweight; Regarding BMI, 42.6% normal weight, 29.1% overweight, 18.2% obesity and 10.1% underweight. While the curves adapted for the Ecuadorian population categorized 65.5% normal height, 34.5% tall height, without short stature subjects; 67.6% normal weight, 16.2% overweight, 16.2% obesity, without underweight subjects; Regarding BMI, 54.1% normal weight, 25% overweight, 12.8% obesity and 8.1% underweight. Conclusion: There is moderate concordance between the growth curves for subjects between 5 and 19 years of the WHO and those adapted for the Ecuadorian population by Monnier et al, with a predominance of the assessment of height and weight, and with better concordance for the body mass index.

Introduction: Around the world the deaths due droning has a transcendental issue due to the number of deaths that occur, becoming a public health problem, the characteristics of the victim due to submergence, they vary between countries. Ecuador has diverse geographical regions that make each one of them present specific characteristics of the fatal victims, since a characterization of them was conducted. In the sierra region, agriculture predominates as an economic activity, which is why there are multiple reservoirs, ponds, ditches, irrigation channels in the region, added to the water basins that pass through this geographical area, which constitute a risk factor for this population. Objectives: To evaluate the presentation of external and internal signs of mechanical asphyxia by submersion described in the classical literature, affecting to determine their relationship of dependence or independence among themselves, contrasting them with their pathophysiology. Results and analysis: Cyanosis appeared in 100% of the cases, petechiae in 95.5% of the cases, foam fungus 45.5%, palmar maceration 38.6%, liquid in the respiratory tract 93.2%, Niles sign in 38.6% Vargas sign 6.8% Alvarado vital injuries in 52.3%, postmortem injuries in 4.4%. Conclusions: The highest percentage of corpses presented general signs of asphyxia in their external and internal inspect in the medico-legal autopsy.

Introduction: Currently, the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created a new concern in the health system, due to long-term systemic manifestations in patients who have been with this disease, defining it as a post-COVID-19 syndrome in 2020, given the persistence of symptoms requiring management that includes various specialties that give relief to the different discomforts manifested by the patient.  Objective: This article is conducted to know and describe about the post-COVID-19 syndrome with updated and useful information for the knowledge of health personnel who face this pathology. Methodology: A search was conducted in databases such as: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Google scholar, Springer, where information on this topic is found. Results: It is a pathology that presents a wide repertoire of symptoms that involves different organs which will depend on certain risk factors and the complications it had during the pathological process. There are biomarkers that in the future may become the gold standard for the diagnosis of post-COVID-19 syndrome, which will allow to verify the functioning of the organs that have been affected. Current studies propose beneficial therapies such as respiratory rehabilitation whose objective is to improve lung function. Discussion: At present it is not yet fully known the pathophysiological process by which persistent symptoms occur, however, studies show the probable causes and clinical picture that predispose to this disease, the same that will be attended at the first level of care and provide symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: The revolution in the health system caused by SARS-CoV-2 again evaluates the capacity of health professionals, so research describes this phenomenon as a post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Goal. The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of magnesium sulfate as an adjunct to analgesia in bitches undergoing abdominal cavity surgery. Materials and methods. In the present investigation, thirty female dogs underwent elective OVH through the midline, which were randomly distributed and single-blinded into two groups. Group 1: 15 patients were medicated in the postoperative period with magnesium sulfate (25 mg/Kg), cephalexin (25 mg/Kg) and meloxican (0.2 mg/Kg). In group 2, magnesium sulfate was replaced by 0.9% saline solution at a dose of 0.25 ml/Kg. Once the surgical act was over, the patients were transferred to the recovery room, where the estimation of the pain using the Melbourne scale, at 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-hours post-surgery. Results. The maximum pain score level for both groups occurred in the immediate postoperative period, group 1 presented a mild pain level, group 2, moderate pain, finding significant statistical differences in both groups, the pain decreased as the treatment progressed. weather. Heart rate values ​​in group 1 remained within range values, while group 2 showed an increase of 26% in the first two hours. Conclusions. With the results obtained in the present investigative work, it was possible to establish that the addition of magnesium sulfate significantly reduces the level of pain in bitches subjected to elective OVH.