Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Leptospirosis as a zoonotic disease in recent years has been of great concern in the world being a disease of declaration to the WHO as the years go by in certain areas preferably those linked to tropical and subtropical climates it has been established that its presence has an increase especially in rainy seasons,  this bacterium causes disease in several patients, whether animal or human, and for that reason it is important to know its distribution and spread.  Objectives: The main objective of this research is to have an updated document on leptospirosis, its potential zoonoses and the current state in the country Ecuador. To determine leptospirosis as a zoonotic disease of epidemiological importance at the national level. To know the distribution of leptospirosis in terms of their research at the national level. Methodology: Bibliographic for leptospirosis as a disease of zoonotic importance to elaborate a document with an update of this important, 23 publications were found, but 13 were considered to know the current and real situation of leptospirosis in Ecuador. Results: This investigation showed that the positive cases for leptospirosis using any diagnostic technique obtained various results which on average was de 58.04% of prevalence being the coastal region the one that presents most of the cases. Conclusions: Leptospirosis is a disease that affects several species including humans worldwide, but in our country, it is under consideration, it can be concluded that in all the investigations that are reported there is a high prevalence, and the most studied region is the coast.

Introduction: Vaccination-related myocarditis has been reported as a major side effect of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. In this review article, a series of 15 global case reports of laboratory-confirmed myocarditis post COVID-19 vaccination were summarized. Objectives: The main objective of this article is to critically analyze and summarize published case reports on vaccination-associated myocarditis. Methodology: Google Scholar was used to search for confirmed cases of vaccination-associated myocarditis from 2021 to 2022. Results: It was found that there is a higher prevalence of immunization-related myocarditis in young adults, especially in male patients (94%). Genetic defects, environmental aspects and dietary habits were discovered as other factors that could have stimulated the development of myocarditis. Troponin and C-reactive protein levels were elevated in most cases (93%). Conclusions: vaccination-associated myocarditis case reports are very rare and only represent a minimal fraction of the total population that has been vaccinated. The benefits offered by the COVID-19 vaccine far outweigh the effects a COVID-19 infection. It is recommended to continue administering the mRNA vaccine to manage the COVID-19 pandemic.

Los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (THE) son de gran valor a nivel mundial, esto se debe al gran efecto en la morbimortalidad materna y fetal, los (THE) son muy habituales, y afectan entre 5% y el 10% de todos los embarazos. Objetivo general: determinar las prevalencias de los trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Metodología: se desarrollado una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre prevalencia de los Trastornos Hipertensivos en el Embarazo, mediante las declaraciones PRISMA. Resultados: en Noruega la muestra de estudio fue las mujeres que dieron a luz durante los años 1999 hasta el 2014, la prevalencia de preeclampsia presento de 3,7 %. Conclusión: la prevalencia de eclampsia, preeclampsia en Noruega fue 3.7 %, Nepal 1,77%, región africana es de 2,9%, región Sudeste asiático 1,1%, India 3,8 ± 0,6%, Ecuador 3,6%, Irán 6,5%, Argentina 2,9%, Colombia 3,5%. La prevalencia del síndrome de Hellp:  Chile 13.6 %, Irán 0,8%, Asia 0,69%, Argentina 5.51%, China fue 0,5% al ​​0,9%, Perú 9,7%, Francia 0,2%, México 4,5%.

Introduction: The use of a personal mask by health personnel and the general population is necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, it has resulted in a significant increase in the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, dermatitis seborrheic, contact urticaria and exacerbation of acne and skin infections. Methodology: non-systematic review on allergic contact dermatitis associated with the use of masks and N95 respirators during the COVID 19 pandemic, the terms, and descriptors "dermatitis and mask" and "dermatitis and Covid-19" were used in the databases. ScienDirect, PubMed, SciELO and Redalyc; Works published in Spanish and/or English, valid for no more than 5 years, were considered. Results: The use of the mask for a period of more than 6 hours has been shown to increase the incidence of allergic dermatitis, presenting lesions on the cheeks, dorsum of the nose, forehead and retroauricular area. Conclusions: This is a pathological entity of high incidence and underdiagnosis. It constitutes a form of type IV hypersensitivity, which if not treated in time can lead to complications associated with superinfection; Health personnel and the community in general must be educated in measures to prevent this type of injury and guide them to seek timely medical attention if necessary.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, affecting up to 18% of women of reproductive age and up to 70% remains undiagnosed, depending on the population and the diagnostic criteria used. PCOS is characterized by oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Objective: To provide an overview of current information on PCOS and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methodology:  A literature review was conducted based on the search for scientific publications related to the subject. Results: women with PCOS are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders such as overweight, obesity, high body mass index, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, diabetes mellitus 2, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: The presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in women with PCOS increases the baseline risk of suffering from cardiometabolic disease, one of the main causes of death in women, therefore, prevention, diagnosis and timely and adequate treatment is essential starting from the first level of health.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has a variety of complications, including diabetic gastroparesis as the most common of them, affecting morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of patients. Objective: To conduct a narrative review that describes the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Method: A non-systematic bibliographic search was conducted in the Scielo and Pubmed databases, selecting sources in Spanish or English that are relevant to the objective of this study. Conclusion: Diabetic gastroparesis is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus, with a multifactorial origin, and a diagnosis based on gastric emptying scintigraphy. Its treatment is based on diet, maintaining euglycemia and symptomatic management.

Introducción. El SARS-CoV-2 (SC2) es el agente causal del COVID-19 (C-19), esta enfermedad se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas, al generar una crisis sanitaria a nivel mundial, con un rango menor de prevalencia, a nivel pediátrico. Por otra parte, las manifestaciones cutáneas, se han convertido en una característica común que presentan los infantes positivos a C-19. Sin embargo, aun cuando a nivel pediátrico existe una población representativa de casos positivos a C-19 asociado a lesiones cutáneas, los estudios a nivel mundial, en este grupo social ha sido muy reducido. Objetivo. Determinar las manifestaciones dermatológicas asociadas al C-19 en niños: Una Revisión Bibliográfica. Metodología. La investigación, se mantuvo direccionada de forma no experimental, bajo un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, utilizando información de fuentes secundarias, se seleccionaron solo Artículos Científicos publicados de origen médico, pertenecientes a las bases de datos: PUBMed, Scielo, Intramed y Sciencedirect, se logró conformar un grupo de 10 artículos a los cuales se les identificó como idóneos, para el desarrollo de la investigación. Resultados. Se logró describir los detalles más relevantes según el criterio de diferentes autores, quienes consideran que las manifestaciones dermatológicas han logrado una alta existencia y prevalencia en los niños, siendo las más representativas las lesiones de tipo sabañones, eritema y erupciones acrales agudas. Conclusión. Mediante la revisión bibliográfica realizada, se ha logrado confirmar que el C-19, mantiene una alta prevalencia sobre la población pediátrica, aunque en su gran mayoría la presencia de la enfermedad sea de forma asintomática, siendo una de las manifestaciones principales, para identificar la enfermedad, las lesiones de origen cutáneo, las misma que pueden presentarse tanto en las primeras etapas de infección, como en las últimas, e incluso pueden hacerse presentes como una reacción hacia los medicamentos suministrados al paciente. Área de estudio: Salud, pediatría, enfermedades infecciosas.

Introducción. La infancia es una etapa de la vida que se caracteriza por la observación, la curiosidad y el descubrimiento, mediante la experimentación y el juego los niños se conocen a sí mismos y a su entorno. En la etapa del desarrollo sexual, los niños toman conciencia del sexo al que pertenecen imitando roles de las personas que le rodean, lo cual marca el comportamiento y la adaptación al medio. Objetivo. Determinar los factores emocionales y de comportamiento que intervienen en el desarrollo sexual infantil, diferenciando la conducta normativa y patológica. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática usando prisma, luego de la depuración se obtienen 19 artículos científicos de los últimos 10 años obtenidas de bases de datos científicas: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Taylor & Francis y Google Académico. Resultados. Se evidenció que existen dos tipos de comportamiento sexual, el normativo, basado en la autoexploración, imitación, la expresión de afecto hacia sí mismo y los demás y el patológico, en el que las conductas y las emociones de lo normativo se expresan de manera más sobredimensionada y como un patrón frecuente y se lo relaciona con frecuencia con el abuso sexual. Conclusión. Los factores emocionales como la afectividad, la autoestima y los de comportamiento como la curiosidad y autoexploración representan los componentes centrales de la conducta normativa, mientras que en la conducta patológica encontramos emociones como la tristeza, angustia, temor, agresividad y manipulación excesiva de sus genitales. Para un desarrollo sexual saludable, es indispensable los niños tengan orientación y reciban información adecuada a su edad para generar seguridad y confianza.

Introduction. Resistance to carbapenems is defined as the production of enzymes capable of inactivating the action of antibiotics. However, due to the alarming increase in resistance, they are used more frequently, leading to increased resistance. Carbapenems are broad-spectrum β-lactams with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. And they are considered as reserve antibiotics. Objetive: The objective of this research is to describe the frequency of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from the results of antibiograms in clinical isolates. of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during the 2019-2020 period. Methods: The study is descriptive, secondary documentary. Results: The investigation compiled a total universe of 3732 positive cultures, those that presented resistance to carbapenems were 400, which corresponds to 10.7% of isolates, the male gender was the most representative with 60.2% compared to 39.75% of the Female gender. The frequency analysis showed that the emergency area was the most representative with 59.8% followed by hospitalization with 31.3% and ICU with 7.9%. In the analysis by type of sample, resistance was observed in respiratory secretions with 54.2%. Regarding the bacterial species, the predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae was evidenced with 86%, compared to 14% of other species. Conclusions: In the present work, it suggests an increase in cases of resistance to carbapenems in comparison with the different types of samples studied, with a predominance of respiratory secretions, with the dominance of Klebsiella pneumonia against the other bacterial species.

Introduction: HELLP syndrome affects up to 20% of pregnant women with preeclampsia and is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal mortality. Spontaneous liver rupture is a life-threatening complication of HELLP syndrome, affecting 1 in 45,000 - 260,000 pregnancies, multiparous; in the age of forty; after 32 weeks of gestation. Objective: To conduct a narrative review of the current literature on spontaneous liver rupture associated with HELLP syndrome. Methodology:  A bibliographic review was conducted in the electronic databases of Pubmed, Redalyc, ScienceDirect, SciELO of scientific publications related to the objective of the review. Results: Hepatic rupture is the rupture of a compressive hepatic subcapsular hematoma, these hematomas usually occur in five out of seven women with severe preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome. Pathophysiologically fibrin deposits and vasospasm in pregnancy lead to increased liver pressure and necrosis, causing liver rupture. Clinical manifestations include right upper quadrant pain, epigastric pain, vomiting, and hemodynamic shock. It is usually diagnosed from the surgical finding associated with injury and maternal and / or fetal risk. Therapeutic approaches range from conservative management to liver transplantation. Conclusions: Spontaneous hepatic rupture of a subcapsular hepatic hematoma caused by HELLP syndrome is a rare but life-threatening complication, which usually occurs between weeks 28 and 36 of gestation. Clinical manifestations include epigastric pain, sudden right quadrant pain, and hemodynamic shock. If rupture is suspected, complementary examinations include ultrasound. Treatment can range from conservative management, emergency laparotomy, arterial embolization to liver transplantation.