Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction. Worldwide, a culture of safety focused on increasing the quality of care of its services is being implemented in the occupational health team. Objective. Propose the implementation of a seminar on Patient Safety and Care Quality for students of the Obstetrics Career of a University of Ecuador. Methodology. Academic variables of the Obstetrics Career of a university institution in Ecuador were analyzed and subsequently the application of a practical theoretical seminar was configured, complementary to academic training, related to the culture of patient safety and quality of care, which is immersed in health care. Some didactic resources are planned for the development of competences, stories such as theoretical learning, problem posing and problem solving. The evaluation was defined based on indicators. Results. A curricular design without reference content to patient safety in the Obstetrics Career was identified, based on which, pedagogical strategies were proposed to increase knowledge of these issues and contribute to the reduction of the risk that the patient has. health personnel, to cause adverse events of diverse types. Conclusion. It is important that these topics are taught from the undergraduate educational curriculum, that is, in university classrooms, so that future professionals are sensitized and achieve a culture of patient safety.

Introduction: The spectrum of cardiometabolic diseases constitute a serious global health problem. The global prevalence of diabetes, since 1980, has gone from 4.7% to 8.5% in 2010 for the adult population. According to the International Diabetes Federation, in 2019 an estimated 463 million people had diabetes. It is estimated that this figure will increase to 578 million by the year 2030, and 700 million in 2045, behaving like a true pandemic. Gastrointestinal (GI) complications of diabetes are the product of various changes in physiological mechanisms, such as disturbances in the motility of the digestive tract and alterations in the process of absorbing water and electrolytes. Objective: Synthesize the generalities of the gastrointestinal complications of diabetes. Methodology:  Literature review; ScienDirect, Redalyc, SciElo, Lilacs databases were consulted, the scientific production was discriminated based on seniority, giving priority to articles less than 5 years old, presenting a description of the gastrointestinal complications of diabetes and be found in Spanish and English. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal complications associated with diabetes are pathologies that should be the subject of extensive study and knowledge by health personnel, doctors, nurses, and nutritionists, who are at the first level of care to identify and refer to the patients. Work on the prevention of diabetes and promotion of good cardiometabolic control constitutes the cornerstone in terms of complications of this chronic pathology.

Introduction. Thyroid diseases continue to be very frequent pathologies in the population worldwide, they constitute a great impact on health systems, which translates into large items destined for its treatment. Objetive. Characterize the pathologies of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism based on their prevalence in patients who attend the Outpatient Area of ​​the HD-IESS Macas Ambulatory Surgical Clinical Center, period 2021. Method. Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research with a documentary and retrospective design during the period of January-December 2021. The sample corresponded to 620 patient records. Results. A frequency of 41,8% of alterations in thyroid function was presented, in addition, the main characteristics of the patients included age (between 30 and 64 years) with 66,0%, Sex (Female 83,4%). Only 2,7% of the patients presented low TSH values, considering them Hyperthyroid patients, in contrast to high TSH values ​​in 39,1% of Hypothyroid patients and 58,2% of the patients presented normal TSH values, representing this percentage to healthy or Euthyroid patients. Conclusion. It was determined that the female sex presented a higher frequency of cases associated with thyroid function disorders with greater emphasis on hypothyroidism. The age group that prevailed was that of older adults.

Background: Ethical values play a significant role in the training of medical students. The COVID-19 Pandemic has impacted all actors in health systems worldwide. Objective: To demonstrate the influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the perception of ethical values by rotating interns of the medical career after ten months of work in the Pandemic. Method: A modified VIA-IS (Value in Action Inventory Strength) Likert survey of values was applied at the Technical University of Manabí to rotating interns before starting work in the pandemic and after 10 months of work in the pandemic. Results: There was a change in the category scores of the values by the housemen. 89.50% of the medicine interns considered that the COVID 19 Pandemic changed their perception of values. The number of values categorized as High Score was significantly higher after working during the pandemic for a CI95, an error of 0.05% and p<0.05. Conclusions. Exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic as workers in the “hot zone” first line produced changes in the appreciation of ethical values in the rotating interns of the Medicine career at the Technical University of Manabí.

Introducción: Las Buenas Prácticas de manufactura-BPM- tienen relevancia al momento de seleccionar las materias primas para la preparación de alimentos; además considerando que el que manipula los alimentos debe estar muy bien capacitado para seleccionar dichas materias primas y con ello evitar la contaminación alimentaria; por ello este artículo permitirá indicar si en los establecimientos de una Universidad Pública logran evitar la contaminación alimentaria. Objetivos: El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar y contribuir que las muestras de alimentos obtenidas en establecimientos de alimentos cumplen con inocuidad alimentaria y por otro lado se pretende comparar e interpretar que, si hay microorganismos frecuentes, estos pueden ser aislados de los alimentos obtenidos de establecimientos de alimentos, pero que con capacitación en buenas prácticas de manufactura logren mejorar la selección de materias primas. Metodología: Se consideró 455 resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio de control microbiológico de alimentos, de la Universidad Pública de Guatemala y se les realizó el análisis frecuente de indicador de contaminación fecal, la cual es la Escherichia coli; posteriormente se realizó un segundo vigilancia de microorganismos patógenos presentes en los alimentos, a los cuales a más de un alimento se le realizó dos o más patógenos, según el alimento procesado y con ello compararlo a los valores de aceptabilidad del Reglamento Centroamericano-RTCA-. Por último, se realizaron 18 capacitaciones de -BPM-; por último, para su análisis se aplicó el programa de Excel para la Interpretación de resultados. Resultados: De las 455 muestras analizadas tuvieron Escherichia coli como indicador de contaminación fecal; por lo que se llevó a cabo un segundo muestreo para determinar microorganismos patógenos indicando que fueron 215 alimentos y se realizó de un mismo alimento, entre 1 y 3 patógenos más frecuentes que se concentran en dicha materia prima; para lo cual fue un total de 600 análisis microbiológicos; de dichos resultados se  presentaron dentro de un rango fuera del parámetro de aceptabilidad, el 14.12 % (12) presentó Grupo Coliforme, 98.82 % (84) E. coli, 96.49 % (110) Mohos y levaduras y 75 % (78) Recuento Aeróbico Total. Conclusiones: Se debe implementar en los establecimientos Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura -BPM-, así como mínimo capacitar dos veces al año a los manipuladores; con el fin de lograr incrementar la higiene e inocuidad alimentaria y con ello mantener los límites de inocuidad alimentaria en dichos establecimientos.

Introducción: la sangre es un fluido corporal con una función importantísima dentro de varios procesos biológicos y metabólicos. Los antígenos de tipo A y B determinados por herencia genética son los que se encuentran en la parte externa de los eritrocitos, varían en las diferentes poblaciones, por lo que son sujetos de importantes estudios diversas ramas de la medicina, en el área gineco-obstetricia, es importante identificar de forma temprana o preventiva una incompatibilidad sanguínea para favorecer la disminución de los índices de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal, ya que puede derivar en una enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido u otras complicaciones con mayor o menor grado. Objetivo: Recopilar la información más importante y actualizada sobre la incompatibilidad ABO. Metodología: Revisión sistemática documentos e investigaciones en inglés y español obtenidas de plataformas científicas como Elsevier, ScIELO, PubMed y de repositorios universitarios nacionales e internacionales desde el 2017, con descriptores como Sistema ABO, incompatibilidad sanguínea, materno-fetal, complicaciones, entre otras.  Resultados: De un total de 112 documentos inicialmente, 62 fueron utilizados para la lectura de sus resúmenes, excluyéndose los demás por falta de relevancia con el tema de investigación o duplicación de la información. Conclusiones: La incompatibilidad sanguínea ABO es una complicación que genera reacción antígeno- anticuerpo y que puede llegar a ser mortal. Por ello, todas las ramas médicas; o por lo menos la gran mayoría, considera inicialmente realizar pruebas de tipificación sanguínea para aplicar los tratamientos correspondientes o determinar la causa etiológica de una patología asociada, sabiendo que existen procesos naturales en ginecología en los que la incompatibilidad ABO puede generar complicaciones importantes en el neonato como la enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido, anemias o hiperbilirrubinemia grave, mismos que aumentan los índices de morbimortalidad.

El abdomen agudo en el adulto mayor puede manifestarse de forma típica a través de dolores abdominales y posibles alteraciones en el transito gastrointestinal, sin embargo, también puede manifestarse con un deterioro del estado general y alteraciones en el sistema genitourinario. El objetivo de esta investigación se basó en determinar los factores de riesgo del abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el adulto mayor a través de la metodología de revisión sistemática, por medio de la selección de documentos como artículos científicos y trabajos de grado que cumplieran con una serie de criterios de inclusión para su posterior revisión y análisis, como resultado se pudo determinar que existen diversos factores de riesgo en los adultos mayores con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo, que terminan en cirugía, ya que algunas personas mayores de 65 años presentan patologías de base, que repercuten en su proceso de recuperación en el postoperatorio. Conclusión en ocasiones se hace difícil un diagnóstico oportuno debido a que el paciente adulto mayor presenta síntomas atípicos que son difíciles de diagnosticar por lo que es necesario que el médico tratante cuente con exámenes complementarios, incluidos laboratorio, imágenes y TAC que permitan lograr diagnosticar con mayor certeza, y celeridad en los pacientes y así disminuir los riesgos quirúrgicos o la muerte en el paciente controlando cada detalle sin descartar ningún síntoma presente.

Introduction. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are one of the main reasons for consultation in the primary care setting, due to the increase in antibacterial resistance. Objetive: To characterize the prevalence of urinary tract infections and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in enterobacteria isolated from patients from Morona Santiago province - Ecuador. Method: This research was descriptive of documentary design. The population was 1488 records of urine cultures, compiled from the database of the microbiology laboratory of the Hospital del Día Macas Outpatient Surgical Clinical Center, in the period from January 2019 to December 2020. The data were processed through descriptive statistics, analysis frequency and chi squarE. Results: The prevalence of UTI was 55.6%; the main etiological agents were: E. coli (88.0%), Klebsiella spp., (7.5%), and Proteus spp. (2.4%). UTIs and E. coli infection were statistically higher in adult women. The highest frequency of E. coli resistance was for cefazolin (42.4%), sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim (40.6%), norfloxacin (38.0%), nalidixic acid (34.3%) and ciprofloxacin (31.4 %) in Klebsiella spp. was norfloxacin (7.5%), cefazolin (7.2%), cefuroxime (4.5%), levofloxacin (3.8%) and ampicillin sulbactam (3.5%). Conclusion. The causal agent and the most frequent of urinary tract infections continues to be E. coli. Empirical treatment of UTI, at the author's discretion, should include gentamicin, amikacin, and nitrofurantoin.

Introduction: Varicocele is a dilatation of the pampiniform plexuses caused by the presence of retrograde flow, the incidence of varicocele in the male population classically has been described close to 16%, being 35-45% among men with infertility. Objective: To analyze the effect of varicocele treatment on fertility outcomes in infertile men. Methodology: A search was conducted in English and Spanish in the databases Sciencedirect, PubMed, Redalyc and Scielo, with the descriptors, Varicocele, Male Infertility, Treatment, Results using the Boolean AND finding sixty-four publications and selecting twenty-eight. Results: The most used treatment was laparoscopic surgery in patients with infertility and conservative treatment in cases without infertility and without pain. Conclusions: Surgical treatment was shown to improve infertility by 80% within 12 months.

This work presents a review of the ceramic, lithic and bone materials from Oliveras´s collection, recovered from the Cañada Saldaña site in the 1950s. In addition, new contextual and chronological data obtained from recent field and laboratory work are provided. The site is located on the left bank of the Uruguay river (República Oriental del Uruguay, Soriano Department) on a coastal beach ridge formed from the decrease in sea level after the maximum transgressive Holocene. The recovered archaeological assemblage was generated by Late Holocene hunter-gatherers, who present numerous points of contact with the later contexts generically known as “Goya-Malabrigo”. The radiocarbon dates indicate that the site was occupied between ca. 1900 and 1700 years 14C B.P. The recovered context corresponds probably to a base-camp with a significant residential stability. The context includes pottery with a great stylistic complexity and a significant typological variability, lithic instruments (including bola stones), and a large number of bone artifacts. The subsistence was based on the exploitation of the fauna resources of the interior plain and the fluvial environment. The characteristics of the context are discussed in relation to others in the region that have the same antiquity, and some data related to its formation process are presented.