Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

A veces las cosas que parecen evidentes – y la existencia de un sistema de ayuda internacional podría parecerlo – necesitan también demostración. Este enunciado puede ser perfectamente aplicable al estudio de la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (CID). Es conveniente detenerse en este punto para reflexionar sobre las razones y motivos que nos llevan a cooperar con otros países y a exponer los argumentos que justifican o rechazan la propia existencia de programas y proyectos de ayuda internacional.

During the presidential campaign of 2002, (then) candidate Luis Inacio “Lula” da Silva made an unprecedented trip to Beijing, the first ever by a presidential candidate. That trip signaled Lula’s ambition of creating a strategic relation with a group of emerging economies known as BRICS, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Lula’s vision was pragmatic, non-ideological and sought to position Brazil among the leading countries of the world. He shared similar world affair views as President Hu Jintao and was convinced that cooperation would create prosperity for both nations. One reason is that resource endowment factors make the two economies highly complementary. China is demanding large quantities of Brazilian commodity-based products that suffer market access barriers in advanced countries. Brazil offers a growing market for Chinese products and business opportunity for direct investment in infrastructure, energy and natural resources. The growing trade and economic links between the two countries in the last four years seems to vindicate President Lula’s strategic vision on this promising relation.

El presente aporta elementos de análises sobre el proceso de internacionalización de la economia regional del Mercosur, en el marco de la mundialización de la economia en la década reciente. Se evalúan los aspectos políticos e ideológicos de la globalización y del nuevo orden, con sus repercusiones sobre las políticas externas de los países del bloque. Se comienza por una sintética descripción del funcionamiento, interpretación, naturaleza y evolución del sistema mundial y sus subsistemas político, económico y eidético-cultural, a la luz de locual se revisa la interpretación sobre la “crisis” del Estado. A esta visión macro sistémica se vincula el análisis del Mercosur, haciendo, de paso, algunas consideraciones teóricas. En este contexto, se exponen algunos aspectos sobre los cuales el autor considera debería centrarse el debate en torno al futuro del Mercosur y se analiza su situación actual y perspectivas.

El papel de México en la política internacional ha sido muy relevante, especialmente por sus iniciativas así como por los principios que históricamente ha defendido su diplomacia. Como parte de América Latina ese país fue actor clave de las diversas agendas políticas, tanto dentro de la región como en las relaciones de ésta con los Estados Unidos. El acercamiento político a la potencia mundial, proceso que siguió a la incorporación de México al Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) y a la renovación política luego del triunfo electoral de Vicente Fox en el año 2006, dio paso a un alejamiento gradual respecto de América del Sur, a partir de lo cual fue profundizándose la percepción de una Latinoamérica dividida entre dos segmentos: América del Sur y Centroamérica-México. Sin embargo, a juicio de este autor, la pérdida del perfil de “potencia media” que caracterizó por décadas su política exterior e internacional, contribuyó de manera significativa, incluso más que el TLCAN, a la posición actual del país: más lejos de América del Sur y de las agendas del Tercer Mundo y más cerca de la visión norteamericana de la política internacional.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as estratégias de comunicação adotadas pelo governo Hugo Chávez em sua política externa. A partir do conceito de “diplomacia midiática”, examinado por Valente (2005), estudamos as decisões do presidente da Venezuela com relação à criação do canal de TV Telesur, à organização do Fórum Social Mundial em Caracas e ao patrocínio da escola de samba Vila Isabel, campeã do carnaval do Rio de Janeiro em 2006 com um samba-enredo que tratou da integração latino-americana.

Quando ainda candidato à presidência da república, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva já afirmava que a política externa do seu governo visaria a assegurar a presença soberana do Brasil no mundo. Referia-se também à necessidade de fortalecer os elementos incipientes de multipolaridade já presentes na cena mundial.

A 49 years old male, white, smoker patient is presented. A severe coronary disease was demonstrated by means of coronariography. Surgical myocardial revascularization was necessarily performed in three opportunities.

A total of 15 patients attended in the University Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” in a 5-years period were treated for presenting bone-tumoral lesions. There was an application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in all cases to carry out this study. In the study process were taken into account some factors such as: cytological diagnosis, clinical radiological impression, localization of lesion, sex and age. The study-group was conformed by 10 women and 5 men. Most aspired bones happened to be the tibia and ribs. The cytological diagnostics was made in 12 cases and only in 3 of them existed correlation of clinical radiological impression. The FNA biopsy permitted to diagnose 9 malignant tumors, 8 of them metastasis and 1 primitive. In most of the cases metastasis was of carcinomas originated in breast, lungs and ovaries. In 5 cases was not known the existence of malignant tumor. We arrived to the conclusion that the FNA biopsy proved to be useful because permitted establishing a definitive diagnosis in 80% of cases and occurred to be effective when identificating clinically unsuspected and unknown malignant lesions.

Villa Clara is the second province regarding incidence of HIV infection/disease, harbouring 108 deceased cases up-to-day. In the Provincial University Hospital Arnaldo Milian Castro Pathological Anatomy Department from Santa Clara, a descriptive and retrospective study eas performed, including 32 AIDS cases necropsies aiming at a better characterization of the disease. A 43.8% were younger than 35 years of age and 84.4% belonged to male gender. The most frequently found oportunistic diseases were oro-esophagic candidiasis (53.1%) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (45.9%), with highly significant values. Other diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis (25%) and cryptosporidiasis were also remarkable. A 12.5% value was achieved by Herpes zoster, genital Herpes simplex and neurotoxoplasmosis. The higher frequency of neurotoxoplasmosis could be probable accounted for by an irregular therapy because of the patient irresponsible behaviour. It is interesting that no oportunistic neoplasia was found in our cases.