Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: on many occasions, nursing students face different pressures, as occurs in people who study and work, likewise, as they advance in their careers, the level of demand on students increases, as well as in the performance of clinical practices in critical units, this may lead students to present symptoms of academic burnout. Objectives: research was conducted to determine the level of burnout in eighth semester nursing students of the Universidad Central del Ecuador, when performing hospital internships in critical units. Methodology: it was quantitative, field design, descriptive and transversal. For data collection, the selected sample was made up of eighth semester nursing students who have completed hospital internships in critical areas such as emergencies and ICUs. Results: the nursing career is mostly attended by young women, some of them are employed, which generates stress, increasing the risk of presenting burnout syndrome, on the other hand, hospital internships in critical areas, as well as the academic demands and the level of difficulty of the tests increase as the student advances in the career. Regarding burnout syndrome, it was evidenced that a great part of the students presents emotional fatigue at medium and elevated levels, with respect to depersonalization, the elevated level predominated, and personal fulfillment at high and medium levels. Conclusions: a large part of the student population agrees with the performance of hospital internships in critical areas, since this helps them to develop skills and abilities in patient care, as well as to broaden their knowledge in various pathologies and procedures; however, these are generators of academic burnout.

La utilización de aplicaciones digitales para crear instrumentos interactivos que ayuden a mejorar la educación de niños con TADH en la actualidad ha tomado fuerza en las actividades que realizan los docentes en sus clases,  sin embargo todavía una parte de los docentes opta por una educación tradicional que no da buenos resultados en niños con necesidades especiales, por tal razón  esta investigación analiza la aplicación de cuentos interactivos que permitan mejorar la comprensión lectora en niños con TDAH, para ello se utilizó  una metodología de investigación no experimental con un enfoque deductivo ya que se pretende demostrar  que la utilización de cuentos didácticos mejorara la comprensión lectora en dichos niños, utilizando un cuestionario elaborado con la escala de Likert mediante el cual se obtuvo los datos necesarios para poder determinar una propuesta, en este caso la información que se tabulo mediante tablas de frecuencia se obtuvo que el 65% de las personas encuestadas frecuentemente utilizan cuentos interactivos para desarrollar la lectoescritura y el 75% afirman que la utilización de cuentos interactivos en el proceso de enseñanza de los niños con TDAH mejora su comprensión lectora lo que confirma nuestro objetivo de investigación. La propuesta que planteamos es que en el centro CEPALH se tome en cuenta dentro de su metodología habitual la aplicación de los cuentos interactivos para alcanzar mejores estándares de comprensión lectora, capacitando a sus docentes en la correcta utilización de esta herramienta.

Introducción. La microbiota intestinal (MI) está compuesta por un conjunto de bacterias, que producen metabolitos que influyen en la salud del hospedador. Las alteraciones en su diversidad y composición se conocen como disbiosis. Objetivo. Identificar la microbiota intestinal en caninos con cuadros de gastroenteritis hemorrágica aguda. Metodología. Se analizaron las heces de 10 caninos, mediante cultivos bacteriológicos estándar y su valoración cualitativa mediante coproparasitarios directos. Resultados. El 69,4% de bacterias aisladas forman parte de la microbiota intestinal normal, en su mayoría bacterias de la familia Enterobacteriaceae, y en el 30,6% se aislaron bacterias consideradas patógenas (Shigella 23% y Aeromona hydrophila 7,6%). En el 100% de las muestras en la evaluación directa se reportó un incremento en la microbiota intestinal. Conclusiones. Los cultivos bacteriológicos no permitieron identificar todas las bacterias presentes en las heces, mientras que la evaluación directa si permitió identificar alteraciones en la cantidad de bacterias, determinando estados de disbiosis en menor tiempo. El diagnóstico molecular permitiría la identificación de todas las bacterias presentes, tanto en pacientes sanos como en pacientes con enfermedades gastroentéricas.

Adolescence is a stage characterized by multiple biopsychosocial changes. During this stage, the individual, due to his or her ability to make decisions, may perceive the most stressful situations and generate discomfort in the adolescent. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy, perceived stress and psychological distress in adolescents. There was a sample of 5,132 adolescents of which 2,582 were males (50.3 %) and 2,550 females (49.7 %) from district 18D02 in the province of Tungurahua. We worked with a non-experimental design, quantitative approach, correlational and cross-sectional scope. The evaluation was carried out using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4; Perceived Stress Scale) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K10 (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K10), all validated in Ecuadorian population. The results showed a positive correlation between self-efficacy and stress coping, which indicates that the higher the self-efficacy, the higher the stress coping, as well as psychological distress correlates positively and significantly with stress perception. It is concluded that self-efficacy, as it is a psychological construct that is related to the variables studied, suggests an early and timely intervention that could prevent risky behaviors in this age group.

El apego es el vínculo afectivo creado entre el infante y el cuidador, quien a través de las competencias parentales satisface las necesidades biológicas y afectivas del niño. El presente estudio tiene el propósito de analizar la relación entre el apego y las competencias parentales percibidas en los adolescentes de la ciudad de Ambato. La investigación se desarrolló con enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo y correlacional de corte transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico de tipo bola de nieve. Participaron un total de 265 adolescentes de ambos sexos, 41,9 % hombres y 58,1 % mujeres, escolarizados en instituciones educativas del sector urbano de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Para la evaluación de las variables se aplicaron dos reactivos psicológicos: el cuestionario de apego CAMIR R y la escala Adolescent Family Process. Los resultados obtenidos determinan que el apego seguro presenta una correlación positiva significativa con las competencias parentales maternas y paternas de cercanía, soporte y comunicación. El apego inseguro preocupado mantiene una correlación negativa significativa con la competencia parental materna y paterna de soporte y el apego inseguro evitativo se explica mediante una correlación negativa con la competencia parental de soporte y comunicación. Se concluye que los tipos de apego tienen una correlación con las dimensiones de las competencias parentales maternas y paternas.

Communication skills conceive the ability of a human being to prosper in a society. In the technical-university training it turns out to be an essential characteristic linked to verbal and non-verbal communication, since what an individual wants to transmit will depend on the appropriate communication strategies according to the field in which it operates; a student acquires communication skills when it is directly related to reading comprehension, textual production and oral communication in their professional training. The objective of this study was to improve communication skills in technical-professional university students through a workshop on leveling communication skills during the months of March-July of the year 2021. A study with a quantitative approach of cross-sectional descriptive design is used. The sample is made up of 1226 first-year technical-professional training students. An input diagnostic questionnaire was applied. Three evaluations referring to reading comprehension, text production and oral communication were carried out. The results showed a high improvement in the level of communicative competences at the end of the workshop. It is concluded that the communicative skills leveling workshop is a significant and essential sociocultural factor in the academic life of university students as part of their professional training.

Abstract: The objective of this Systematic Review was to characterize the epistemological condition of Psychopedagogy in Ibero-America between 2000 and 2020. The design was qualitative and the review method was carried out in two stages in ten search engines with free access and an impact factor. The units of analysis were forty-four scientific articles. The results indicated that there is a plurality of epistemological meanings that associate it with discipline, profession, perspective, knowledge, knowledge, practices, disciplinary area and field, interdisciplinary professional and formative. These categories, which intersect around their object and work, allow professionals with different backgrounds to perceive themselves and be perceived as members and architects of that discipline and profession. The findings showed that the situated learning processes at all ages of the life of the subjects are constituted as their nucleus and convoking phenomenon. These findings have implications for its development, consolidation and legitimation in the field of Social Sciences and Humanities. The conclusion is that in the first two decades of the 21st century, epistemic polysemy is an identity and distinctive feature of Psychopedagogy in Latin America

Mental health is a psychometric variable that requires systematic studies in teenagers students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to compare the mental health of 864 students of the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Riobamba (ISTR), Ecuador, during COVID-19. It was a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective study. It was based on the hypothesis that there are differences in mental health among the different careers of the ISTR. The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was applied and the results were compared among all the careers of the institution by means of the Chi-square test of homogeneity. As results, a global evaluation of the four dimensions of the GHQ28 was achieved, establishing comparisons among the eight careers of the institution. In the Somatic Dimension, headache predominated (28%); in the Anxiety Dimension, the feeling of anguish prevailed (33.9%); in the Social Dimension, activation time predominated (24.9%); and in the Depression Dimension, the desire for one's own death stood out (27.7%). Finally, the study indicates the presence of possible cases of mental health problems in the study population; however, it is concluded that it was not possible to demonstrate the existence of differences in mental health among the different careers, since only in the Anxiety Dimension was it possible to statistically justify the existence of significant differences.

La violencia hacia la mujer se ha convertido en un problema de impacto social, con incremento de hechos de violencia de tipo física, psicológica y sexual a nivel mundial, las secuelas producto de la violencia son evidentes en el aspecto físico y emocional de las personas, generando consumo y dependencia a fármacos, trastornos depresivos además efectos sobre el autoconcepto y autoestima. El estudio tuvo como propósito determinar la relación entre los tipos de violencia recibida y autoestima en mujeres del cantón Archidona en Ecuador. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva y correlacional, con un diseño no experimental y de corte trasversal. Se trabajó con un total de 214 mujeres con un promedio de edad de (37,5 años). Se utilizó La Escala de Violencia e Índice de Severidad para evaluar los tipos de violencia y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Los resultados revelaron que 102 mujeres evaluadas han recibido violencia psicológica, 96 registran violencia física y 9 sexual. Se halló además 120 mujeres con niveles medios de autoestima. Se concluyó que no existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre los tipos de violencia y los niveles de autoestima, sin embargo, se evidencia relación entre la violencia física y niveles de autoestima bajo.

The impacts of COVID-19 and the measures to control it plant a few more questions about disaster preparedness that encompasses the knowledge and capabilities developed by governments, organizations, communities and individuals to anticipate, respond to and recover from the impacts of probable, imminent disasters the current ones. This study aims to analyze the publications made between 2020 and 2021 on disaster preparedness in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it uses the Systematic Review, in such a way that it fits as multidisciplinary, covering, in particular, the areas of Human and Social Sciences, starting from a theoretical-conceptual set to respond to the proposed objective. The quality steps of the PRISMA-NMA method were followed, in such a way that 27 scientific articles published in the period from 2020 to 2021 were analyzed, with access to the full text, published in the area of human, social and multidisciplinary sciences, and whose research object is related to disaster preparedness. Of the 27 articles selected for this Systematic Review, 66.7 % make their inferences from a review of the literature, 70.4 % directly address issues related to public policy and only 7.4 % address issues related to health mental health of those involved in disasters. The mental health of people involved in disasters remains an underdeveloped topic in disaster preparedness studies. The formulation of public policies requires the ability to implement a coherent strategy to protect populations.