Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Lymphedema is one of the main consequences of breast cancer surgery. Currently, there is no definitive cure; however, there are different alternatives depending on the stage of the disease. With the objective of determining the behavior of the use of the kinesiotherapy and the bodyflow in the treatment of the lymphedema in mastectomized patients, assisted in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of the Celia Sánchez Manduley Clinical and Surgical Hospital in Manzanillo, Granma, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from October 2019 to February 2022. The study variables included age, cause of lymphedema according to the literature, type of lymphedema, degree, duration of treatment, and symptom improvement. The predominant age group was 40 to 49 years; the main causes were surgical technique and obesity, the type of early lymphedema, and the degree of mild lymphedema. The duration of therapy was determined within the first three months. Disability improvement was achieved in the patients studied, indicating that the rehabilitation treatment was beneficial; the majority of patients were classified as improved.

Bioethics and its principles have become, today, an urgent necessity in various academic curricula, both undergraduate and postgraduate, to contribute to the teaching of Medical Bioethics to residents in the specialty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. With the aim of evaluating, through an educational application, the understanding of content related to bioethics in the field of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, a technological development study was conducted at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital from September 2022 to September 2024. The work methodology was established according to scientific foundations and relevant aspects for evaluation, using the Chanlat Matrix, which is conceived as an expression of scientific logic. The developed application provides physical medicine and rehabilitation professionals with an IT product that serves as a means to promote the integration of bioethical knowledge into the residency program.

Malocclusions are oral alterations of multiple etiology. These will not only affect the oral functionality and aesthetics of people, but will also have an influence on the psychosocial aspect, bringing with it a negative impact on their quality of life. With the aim of determining the association of mouth breathing, onychophagia and cheilophagia in the appearance of malocclusion in 3rd grade students of the "Orlando Lara" school in Bayamo, Granma during the year 2022, an analytical epidemiological study of the cross-sectional type was carried out where the universe consisted of 149 students, the data collection was by the primary method through the clinical examination of each patient, the variables malocclusion, mouth breathing, onychophagia and cheilophagia were studied. The risk factors that had statistical significance (p≤0.05) were mouth breathing (p=0.012) and onychophagia (p=0.0001). The population studied was generally characterized by the predominance of malocclusion.

The lack of control of the suicide attempt by the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine (MGI) at the primary level of care expresses limitation of the study and intervention in the patient at risk of suicide. This investigation aims to project the structural and functional elements necessary for the development of preventive-suicidological competence in the MGI specialist. A descriptive observational study was carried out in a study population made up of 27 specialists and 10 professor’s members of basic work groups. The dimensions and indicators used allowed to process the information from the use of empirical methods (survey, observation and analysis of the products of the activity) and statistical-mathematical methods. Limited knowledge letated to suicidology and application of the epidemiological clinical method (77.7 %) is obtained, they have insufficient skills of inquiry, explanation, argumentation during the care of the risk patient (92,5 %) leading to a basic performance, which reveals the need to delimit this competence. It is concluded that it is possible to project the elements of the preventive-suicide competence of this specialist as a pedagogical construct to channel an effective treatment that conditions a successful performance, from the intention of its training process in other stages of the research.

Protein-energy malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood worldwide. An epidemiological, descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted on 189 malnourished children under five years of age in the Jimmy Hirzel Polyclinic area, Bayamo municipality, Granma province, Cuba, during the period 2018–2023, with the objective of determining some clinical and epidemiological characteristics present in the child, the mother, and the family that could be related to the disease. Theoretical, empirical, and statistical methods were used. Among the relevant results, 36 % of the children were born prematurely and 46 % with low birth weight; 55.6 % received mixed breastfeeding up to 6 months of age, and 63.5 % had inadequate complementary feeding; males (54.5 %) and the infant and transitional age group (67.2 %) predominated; 27 % had comorbidities. Among the mothers, those aged 20–34 years (50.8 %), with a pre-university level of education (36 %), employed (40.2 %), and with pregnancy-associated illnesses (71.4 %) stood out; 32.8 % had chronic diseases. In families, 59.8 % lived in homes with fair structural conditions, 70.4 % had a medium income level, and 45.5 % lived in overcrowded conditions. It was concluded that most of the malnourished children under five years of age studied lived in personal and family conditions that favored malnutrition.

The COVID-19 pandemic has left significant marks on public health that extend beyond the acute disease. A considerable number of survivors present disabling sequelae that affect their quality of life and daily functioning. In this sense, medical students must be properly trained, requiring educational actions aimed at this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this study is to design a system of methodological activities for the training of medical students on disabling post-COVID-19 sequelae. To this end, an analysis was carried out on the main physical and psychological sequelae faced by patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Likewise, surveys and interviews were conducted with several medical students and professors to identify learning needs regarding the management of post-COVID-19 disabling sequelae. This process made it possible to design a system of activities consisting of five sessions, each characterized by its duration, topic, specific objectives, materials, activities, and closing. The sessions are aimed at addressing the introduction to disabling COVID-19 sequelae, assessment of respiratory sequelae, neurological impact, psychological sequelae, and interdisciplinary approach. The research highlights the need to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge and patient-centered clinical practices. This approach will not only improve professional competence but also prepare future physicians to face emerging public health challenges. Curricular updating during the training process is essential for an effective and empathetic response.

Demographic aging is the great challenge of the third millennium; these patients are affected by cardiovascular diseases, and within these, high blood pressure constitutes one of the main health problems. Identify risk factors associated with high blood pressure in older adults. A case-control analytical study was carried out in older adult patients belonging to the Dr. Graciliano Díaz Bartolo Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, during the period from March 2020 to April 2021. The cases were hypertensive patients, older adults without a history of said diseases (controls). The sample was made up of 28 cases and 56 controls. The data analysis was based on the estimation of the Odd Ratio (OR). In cases where a significant association was found, the attributable risk in percentage exposed (Are %) was estimated. Age between 60 and 69 years (44,8 %) and male sex (53,8), obesity (OR=21,53), hyperlipidemia (OR=15,31), smoking addiction (OR=5,73), sedentary lifestyle (OR=3,12) and consumption of polyunsaturated fats (OR=3,33) were the risk factors that were associated with high blood pressure, and when two or more of them were associated The risk of suffering from high blood pressure in this population group increased significantly (OR=3,1). The risk factors associated with high blood pressure identified in this population are closely related to each other and are closely related to inadequate lifestyles. If these factors are eliminated or controlled, the incidence of this disease is reduced.

Older adults constitute a population group with a predominance of chronic diseases, among which hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and bacterial bronchopneumonia stand out. Therefore, developing a pharmacotherapy profile for this population is beneficial to optimize the pharmacotherapy they receive. This research was conducted to diagnose the impact that pharmacotherapy profiles have on specialized pharmaceutical care services for older adult patients. An observational, prospective study was carried out with intentional samples of pharmacotherapy profiles recorded in the municipality of Manzanillo, Granma province, Cuba, involving 50 older adults during the months of March to May 2024. Predominantly, patients aged 70 years and older were female; 54 % of the patients were receiving multiple medications, while 44 % consumed between 5-8 medications. Most patients presented four diseases, leading to frequent hospitalizations. Five treatments and 230 negative outcomes associated with medication were detected. Treatment 5 was predominant due to its efficacy and safety. The integration of a qualified pharmacist into the multidisciplinary health team is essential, with pharmaceutical interventions that allow for the timely identification of medication-related problems, such as drug interactions and medication errors, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of medications.

Lichen planus is an inflammatory, pruritic disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by typical violaceous, polygonal papules with fine scales and Wickham striae, predominantly affecting the limbs and trunk, with an unknown etiology. Clinical case: This report describes the case of a 35-year-old woman with a history of migraines who, four days after receiving the influenza vaccine, began to develop skin lesions with intense itching and pain. These manifested as red purpuric lesions along the edges of both heels, along with papules on the soles of both feet, palms of the hands, and isolated areas on the arms and legs. A skin biopsy of one of the papular lesions revealed a diagnosis of palmoplantar lichen planus. It is rare for lichen planus to initially present with exclusive involvement of the palms and/or soles. In such cases, the clinical presentation is nonspecific, and only a biopsy confirms the diagnosis. Palmoplantar lichen planus is an uncommon variant. What is novel in this case is its onset following administration of the Cuban influenza vaccine, which acted as a triggering factor despite the disease’s unknown cause. The lesions gradually improved and eventually disappeared slowly and progressively.

Introduction: the importance of methodological work in higher education requires continuous improvement by academic staff, which highlights the value of methodological classes. The particular characteristics of the Psychiatry subject in the 5th year of the Medicine program may complicate its teaching. Objectives: to design an instructive methodological class for the implementation of the Psychiatric Semiology seminar. Resolutions from the Cuban Ministry of Higher Education related to these concepts were reviewed, along with their practical application by some authors. The seminar proposal is noteworthy for promoting student motivation and participation, as well as deeper content understanding. A seminar is proposed as an instructive methodological class in the Psychiatry subject, using problem-based learning and simulated interviews to deepen knowledge of semiology in the specialty.