Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Schools in Colombia have been violently assaulted by various armed groups, from an ethnographic research exercise that aimed to identify characteristics of hybrid violence associated with the dynamics of armed conflict, perpetuated against schools, as well as to establish suggestions and guidelines for its approach. The purpose is to broaden the understanding of the situation of schools and educational communities in the country. This research process was carried out in 9 PDET zones in the Department of Caquetá, in which 9 focus groups and 34 interviews were conducted, with a total participation of 190 teachers and school administrators from the official sector. The research is divide into 4 categories of analysis: incidence of the armed   conflict in schools, related characteristics of the educational community, violence in schools and finally a culture of peace in school settings.  The conclusion identifies several realities or conditions such as the loneliness and lack of protection that plague rural schools in Colombia. Direct violence is still present in educational communities, the lack of guarantees and decent teaching conditions in rural areas, the absence of institutions responsible for the development of children and young adults, and finally further commitment of teachers to rural communities in the country.

Introduction: The research analyzes how the culture of peace affects the mental health of the collaborator. This is done by recognizing the possibility that they can converge, since they have similarities in their characteristics and objectives, such as the fact of educating in values, actions and attitudes, leaving aside any type of violence, with tools that allow the collaborator to improve communication, collaborative work, self-esteem, conflict resolution and coping styles between collaborators. Method: This study is developed as a bibliographic review that consisted of the review of approximately forty scientific articles on the lines of culture of peace, and mental health in databases such as: Medline, academic Google, Scielo and Dialnet. Results: This research allows us to identify that there is very little analysis around the incidence of the culture of peace in the mental health of collaborators, since they are issues that are addressed from different areas. There were no studies that mention this incidence, being relevant that it is possible to converge these conceptions that have points in common since one is immersed in the other, generating multiplicity of benefits in the human being and in the achievement of the objectives that the organizations consider. Conclusions: It is identified that both conceptions are linked, since they allow to adequately manage conflict resolution and decision making among its collaborators, which will improve proactivity and production of results that the company seeks.

Islamic sales and finance are currently presented as practical tools in development projects at the global level in Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Most contemporary financial transactions involve complex contracts, and it is not easy to know the extent of their sharia compatibility. For this reason, a list of the leading causes that affect financial and sales transactions will be presented in this article from a sharia perspective. These occasioning factors have been formulated legally and presented in codified articles, making it easier for researchers and for traders and contractors in the Islamic financial sector to study a transaction and determine its sharia legality. The proposed method helps to develop a legal framework for the judiciary sector to determine the extent to which contracts are compatible with Islamic sharia provisions.

This article analyzes cultural violence from inter-ethnic conflicts caused by the colonization of the Saraguro indigenous community in the lands of the ancestral Shuar peoples in the Miazi Center of Alto Nangaritza in southern Ecuador. The methodology used has been to conduct a live interview. The data confirm that both ethnic groups with different ancestral practices have created a conflict of their customary law and their perception of two world views that face their relationship between humans and the Earth. We conclude that these sociocultural conflicts can be transformed through interdisciplinary and multidimensional dialogues that help us to identify interethnic conflicts causing a peaceful transformation.

Organizations are integrated by different people, who interact with the purpose of achieving the objectives proposed by the institution. From this interaction, controversies and disagreements that could generate internal discomfort (shareholders, collaborators, managers, etc.), and external discomfort (suppliers, customers, society in general) arise. Hence, organizations are called to intervene and promote a healthy environment for their members, applying many instruments and mechanisms, in order to solve conflicts peacefully; for which mediation is considered an effective tool that seeks a culture of organizational peace; and social responsibility of entities, both, with their employee and the community, strengthening a coexistence of respect, solidarity and equity.

This paper is aimed at reflecting on conflict resolution systems from the science of procedural law. From the various legal-procedural studies we try to situate and approach the arbitration institution as a heteronomous means of conflict resolution, especially in relation to due process and its guarantees. Likewise, we try to critically analyze the conception and limits of arbitration, from the parameters of the Doctrine of the Spanish Constitutional Court.

La educación es una herramienta contra las violencias, pero también una necesidad en sí misma. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 los sistemas educativos nacionales de todo el mundo fueron severamente afectados, dejándose repentinamente a millones de niños, jóvenes y adultos sin clases presenciales, por lo tanto, más vulnerables a las violencias presentes y futuras (que podrían surgir). En este contexto, inicia en Paraguay el Proyecto de Transición a la Educación Digital (Proyecto TED), con el fin de continuar la educación formal, pero a distancia. El proyecto terminó impactando de diversas maneras interesantes en la vida de los estudiantes y de sus hacedores, de allí que resulte necesario conocer sus desarrollos, productos y consecuencias principales; para lo cual, en este trabajo se recurrirá al análisis de artículos académicos, de la normativa legal paraguaya (en pandemia) y de documentos relacionados, así como se utilizará una perspectiva etnográfica basada en la experiencia propia de los autores. Se presentarán las principales carencias pedagógicas anteriores a la pandemia, mismas que influirán en el desarrollo de la educación digital, que se impuso aceleradamente. Las conclusiones muestran que la colaboración entre el Estado, las instituciones educativas y la sociedad civil (principalmente voluntarios) a favor de la educación ha servido como mecanismo de freno a distintas expresiones de violencia, contribuyendo a que el deterioro de las condiciones de vida a causa del COVID-19 sea menor y a que miles de estudiantes no pierdan sus años académicos ni abandonen la escuela.

Positive Peace is well established in Peace Studies as an original 'good' state (of man, of society) which has been broken, but which can be restored through the mitigation/elimination of 'negative' factors be they inequalities, dehumanizing technology, corrupt institutions, asymmetries of power. As if to say that the negative/evil is an accident of history and, by fighting it with positive means (empathy, charity, welfare, empowerment, economic interdependence, international agreements, etc.), it will have to reconcile with the good/the positive: underlying idea of peace and. conflict-free future societies This imperfect version did not consider the dialectic of opposites in its full meaning, ending up ostracizing the conceptions that raise distinctions on the 'goodness' of man. It translated them into almost exclusively intimidating aphorisms, spreading ambivalence towards war. The contract theory (Hobbes) wants to demonstrate that the State has the role of mediator and controller of selfish and destructive tendencies of individuals; in this way it acts as guarantor of agreements between individuals for mutual security (propitiating the idea of civil society). Sociality (Rousseau) is understood as a secondary, non-natural act, invented by human beings out of fear of the other and of the unknown, moved by both good and negative passions. In Vom Kriege (von Clausewitz) war is a tragedy led by misuse of politics: explaining it in its matrices and techniques has the aim of developing strategies for making both war and peace. Today the story of war through images conceals its tragedy and highlights the impersonality of the effects by upsetting the compatibility between positive and negative means: it raises strong emotions that decrease the possibilities of ritualizing the conflict, indulging in the release of tension through negative means (violence, weapons). Changing the narrative: thinking of peace as a temporary conflict balance oriented towards an ideal coexistence; unlearn the habitus of indulgence towards war; give to nonviolence the aim of overcoming war.

Domestic violence is a public health problem that concerns countries, whether due to high rates or the consequences in society, also in extreme circumstances experienced in the COVID-19 pandemic, the statistics of complaints and alarms did not wait, and Ecuador does not escape this reality. Starting from the official information published between March 2020 and June 2022 by the Ministry of Public Health-MSP and the Integrated Security Service-ECU-911, a systematic review (RS) was carried out, through which it was searched, collected, and analyzed information related to the variables selected for documentary research. The findings allowed access to information on intrafamily violence during the time of confinement by COVID-19 in Ecuador, with the results that the MSP published 13 potentially relevant documents, of which only 2 meet the inclusion criteria of the variables under study. For its part, 31 potentially relevant documents were obtained from the official ECU911 website, of which 12 documents were selected. In addition, significant changes in the behavior of the Ecuadorian population are evident in and after the period of confinement, however, one might think that, although the incidence of intrafamily violence increased during the pandemic, the structural causes and cultural factors are still present in the families. Therefore, the importance of "education" for the transformation of society, promoting the construction of a conflict-free society through dialogue, participation, and empathy.

All regions of planet Earth will be affected by climate change in the coming decades. As a consequence, the 2030 Agenda aims to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development where building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels is a common goal. In this context, the Circular Economy emerges as a sustainability strategy for companies in the world and in Argentina. This descriptive study seeks to determine the state of the issue of the Circular Economy in the Argentine business sector and the main contributions that are being made to the SDGs. For this, 22 projects presented in a national contest organized by the Argentine Network of the United Nations Global Compact in 2020 were analyzed. The results show a lesser role for SMEs in circular economy programs, however, many of the initiatives developed by the larger companies require the support and collaboration of their value chains for their implementation. SDGs 12, 17 and 13 are more present. The projects also seek to contribute to transforming the world and generate in the recognition of the "other" the construction of the Culture of Peace, (SDG 16). The circular economy agenda is under construction, aligned with the SDGs and the recognition of developing cooperative alliances to achieve them.