Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Biostatistics can be defined as the science of data reduction methods, variability and populations, in the field of medicine and biomedical sciences. Following the technological advances in the biomedical sciences during the 20th century, modern biostatistics faces the formidable challenge of translating information into knowledge. Biostatistics has contributed significantly to the development of biomedical sciences in many areas: laboratory medicine (reference values ??and quality control), randomized clinical trials (RCTs), clinical decision making, new drug development. However, the explosion of scientific research in recent decades has led to the misuse and abuse of statistical methods. Therefore, common sense should always prevail. This review aims to know the clinical importance of biostatistics applied to research in health science and its correct use. The methodology used was documentary analysis, search engines such as Pubmed, Elsevier, Scielo and Uptodate were used using specific keywords related to the topic.

Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially fatal complication of general anesthesia triggered by volatile anesthetics. It is a rare and life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle. It presents as a hypermetabolic response in individuals susceptible to potent volatile anesthetics with or without depolarizing muscle relaxants; in rare cases, to exertional stress or heat stress. Susceptibility is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expression and incomplete penetrance. The objective of this study is to examine current trends in malignant hyperthermia, in addition to analyzing current information on the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic methods of the disease. The sample consisted of 33 literature review articles, trials, and protocols published between January 2011 and December 2021. Pubmed, Scielo, and Elsevier were used as information search engines. Language was limited to articles in English and Spanish.

Burnout Syndrome is a problem that impacts society. The development of this condition among health workers jeopardizes the effectiveness of treatments in people most in need of care and help. Research conducted elsewhere testifies to this growing effect, which particularly affects social service professionals as well as people from different cultural and social backgrounds. Target. To determine the factors associated with the Burnout Syndrome in the students of the Rotating Internship II of the Nursing Career. Materials and methods. Descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study. For data collection, the MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) questionnaire or survey was applied, which consists of 27 questions and measures three variables: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal fulfillment. Results. As a result we have that 79.4% of the students presented depersonalization, 73.2% show emotional exhaustion and only 8.9% feel personally fulfilled, all these variables are members of the Burnout Syndrome. Conclusion. 56% of the studied population presents the Syndrome.

The Knowledge Attitudes and Practices (KAP) studies can be a useful, timely and pertinent tool to assess the achievements of education with orientation in occupational safety and health where the need to have certain conditions or securities that allay fears and guarantee their safety and well-being better quality of life. In such a way, the different forms of work of the professional nursing staff are observed from long working hours executed in shifts that, in their role as health specialist, have continuous direct contact with the patient, performing daily activities that include physical assessment of the patient, taking veins, arteries, placement of invasive measures several times during a work shift, thus increasing the possibility of having contact with biological fluids, exposing personnel to an overload of microorganisms whose pathogenicity may vary depending on the patient's acute or chronic health status, more so when they are safety and hygiene standards are deviated and such a condition can cause deleterious effect on the health of professional personnel. A descriptive, observational cross-sectional study was carried out whose population census was made up of all the professional nursing staff who work in a public hospital in Machala in the ICU and emergency area, from a functional risk factor thesis project and deviation from norms in safety and hygiene in nursing professionals of a public hospital. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by applying descriptive statistics. The behavior of the role of motivation in human factors and in work performance indicates that 100% of the nurses surveyed value that motivation frequently plays an important role in the performance of their work functions performed in the intensive care unit and emergency the practices to mitigate human error in the organizational structure and follow-up in nursing professionals of a public hospital institution in it, it is observed that 69.23% of the nursing professionals think that some strategy is always selected that allows mitigate human error in your patient care operations. 30.77% think that this is done sometimes. In the same way, when investigating the results of the organizational structure indicator, which refers to valuing as a fundamental reason the fight against cost problems and recognition of problems in comprehensive safety in intensive care and emergency units, adapting the organizational structure of areas and positions. of work of the nursing staff, there was evidence of a minimal dispersion of opinions among the answers, where 65.38% weighed in the assessment of always and 34.62% in frequent findings that support the need to adapt the organizational structure.

Una lesión de Morel-Lavallée es una lesión por desprendimiento de tejidos blandos postraumática que se presenta como una masa o colección hemolinfática. Las lesiones de Morel-Lavallée son el resultado de un traumatismo directo o fuerzas de cizallamiento que separan abruptamente la piel y el tejido subcutáneo de la fascia subyacente, lo que provoca la interrupción de los vasos y nervios perforantes, creando un espacio potencial que puede llenarse de sangre, linfa y desechos formando una colección. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de la literatura a través de PubMed, Scopus, Scielo y Medline. Esto reveló un total de 37 estudios e informes de casos. Después de analizar la literatura, 15 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: existen varias opciones de diagnóstico, que incluyen ultrasonido, tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética. En lesiones espinales y pélvicas, el ultrasonido es de gran utilidad.  Se recomienda el desbridamiento abierto y el cierre asistido por vacío en lesiones de diagnóstico tardío, donde la sutura primaria del tejido blando es imposible. Conclusión: el síndrome de Morel-Lavalleé siempre debe considerarse en el contexto de un traumatismo previo, independientemente de la ubicación. En el contexto crónico, un abordaje abierto con escisión de la pseudocápsula puede tener un resultado aceptable.

The pathological jaundice in the newborn is of hemolytic origin and within them the immune ones in the majority; hemolytic disease is generated by the abnormal and accelerated destruction of fetal erythrocytes mediated by maternal antibodies that are always IgG class, which bind to the antigens of fetal erythrocytes to be hemolyzed; It can be caused by ABO, Rh, and other antibodies outside of these systems. They manifest in the first hours of life because of an incompatibility between the maternal group and that of the newborn, with the Rh and ABO groups being the most frequently involved. Kell group incompatibility is one of the least frequent up to 5% of hemolytic anemias together with group C and E incompatibility; A descriptive documentary review study was carried out to determine and describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors and diagnostic methods of neonatal hemolytic disease due to blood incompatibility. Blood group incompatibility usually produces few symptoms in most cases; however, the most severe anemia appears in Rh incompatibility. If the anemia is severe, it is called hydrops fetalis. Cases have been reported in which the presence of IgG anti-M antibodies caused severe hemolytic disease in fetuses and newborns (HDFN) and even intrauterine death in the presence of maternal-fetal blood group system (MNS) incompatibility, indicating that could have a high clinical impact.

Acute kidney injury is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass and is the second most common cause of AKI in the intensive care unit. The objective of the study is to analyze the association of acute renal failure with mortality in cardiac surgery patients. It is an investigation with a quantitative approach to data, observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional. The sample is made up of 55 patients undergoing cardiac surgery admitted to the intensive care unit from March 1 to December 31, 2019. Valvular (53%) and coronary (27%) cardiac surgery were the most common. According to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 69% were in the 41-49% LVEF category. Twenty percent developed postoperative acute renal failure, and the mortality rate after cardiac surgery was 16%. 32% Advanced age (> 60 years), arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus with 69%, 40% and 27% respectively were the most frequent risk factors. There is a statistically significant association between mortality with acute renal failure (p=0.0001), advanced age (p=0.001), arterial hypertension (p=0.001) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.01). Conclusion: Acute renal failure is a 5-fold risk factor for postoperative mortality after cardiac surgery.

Thrombotic complications associated with the use of central venous catheters (CVCs) are common and lead to distressing patient symptoms, catheter dysfunction, increased risk of infections, long-term central venous stenosis, and considerable costs of care. Risk factors for catheter- related thrombosis include use of larger, multilumen, and peripherally inserted catheters in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Symptomatic catheter- related thrombosis is treated with anticoagulation, generally without removing the catheter. The intensity and duration of anticoagulation depend on the extent of thrombosis, risk of bleeding, and need for continued use of a CVC. To date, the clinical benefit of prophylactic doses of anticoagulant has been disappointing and these agents are not used routinely for this purpose. This chapter focuses on recent evidence, remaining controversies, and practical approaches to reducing the INTRODUCCIO?N burden of thrombosis associated with CVCs.

Hirschsprung's disease is a neurochristopathy caused by defective migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neural crest cells, leading to intestinal aganglionosis. It usually manifests quickly after birth and affects 1 in 5,000 live births worldwide. The objective of this study is to update the theoretical references on the evaluation of Hirschsprung's disease. A documentary review of recent research was carried out in Elsevier, Pubmed and Scopus databases, Scielo of articles published between 2009 and 2021, in English and Spanish. Clinical trials, meta-analyses, case reports, and data analysis studies were excluded. Hirschsprung's disease has been a bridge between science and surgery. An integrative approach could provide advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies for this complex condition, leading to better outcomes. Treatment of Hirschsprung's disease is usually surgical resection of the aganglionic part of the intestine; however, up to 30-50% of patients experience persistent symptoms. Taking this fact into account, this review article also outlines the future hopes and prospects in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease, which has the potential to benefit from advances in the fields of cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.

Burnout syndrome is considered to be a chronicity of occupational stress, forming part of the psychosocial risks that this year are considered to be emerging among health personnel. The objective is to determine the factors influencing the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic in health personnel. This is a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental study, developed by means of a survey of 231 health professionals who meet the established criteria in the emergency area of a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Burnout Syndrome was found in 15.7% of the cases, predominantly in women, between the second and fourth decade of life, single, resident physicians who have practiced their profession for 6 to 10 years.  It is concluded that a biannual psychosocial risk assessment should be performed as part of an occupational epidemiological surveillance.