Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

A retrospective study of the incidence of mandibular fractures in relation to the total of maxillofacial fractures attended in the Republic of Guyana during 2001 was conducted taking into account its high ocurrence in our daily practice in order to determine the behavior of these injuries and its connection with age, sex, etiology and vulnerable mandibular area. The variables studied were sex, age, cause of the fracture and affected region. The mandibular fractures accounted for 56.6 % of the total of maxillofacial fractures and they were more frequent in men (89.5 %). The age groups with the highest incidence were from 25 to 34 and from 35 to 44 years old, accounting for 30.6 %. The most frequent cause of mandibular fracture was personal aggression (68.6 %) and the commonest anatomical region was the mandibular angle (67.4 %).

La técnica de los bloques gemelos fue desarrollada por el doctor escocés Clark durante los años 1980. Estos aparatos reposicionan la mandíbula y redirigen las fuerzas oclusales. Están construidos en una mordida protrusiva que permite modificar eficazmente el plano inclinado oclusal por medio de planos inclinados de plástico o de acrílico colocados sobre los bloques de mordida oclusales. Son cómodos y deben ser usados todo el tiempo incluyendo el momento de las comidas, con el objetivo de fomentar la función mandibular protrusiva. El tratamiento consta de 2 fases: una activa donde se corrige el resalte y la sobremordida y otra de apoyo o mantenimiento, donde se garantiza la estabilidad de los resultados. Con el uso del aparato convencional s e logran resultados fantásticos en el tratamiento de la clase II división 1 en períodos relativamente cortos de tiempo.

The treatment of teeth with chronic periapical lesions has been studied by different authors in the endodontics field. Based on the results attained in different experimental works, we proposed ourselves to make the present research taking 30 human teeth that at the time of applying the pulpar radicular treatment presented periapical lesions with variable diameters over 5 mm. Two groups were taken into account: in one of them, the radicular ducts were temporarily filled up with calcium hydroxide paste and distilled water, whereas in the other one these ducts were filled up with calcium hydroxide paste, distilled water and camphorated paramonochlorophenol. The decrease of the periapical lesions was evaluated in both groups 3 and 6 months after the beginning of the treatment. No statistically significant differences were observed. The same occurred in the evaluation of the periapical osteal repair 9 months after initiating the treatment. The results were satisfactory with both techniques. The active participation of calcium hydroxide in the repair of periapical lesions independently of its association with camphorated paramonochlorophenol was proved.

The aphthous injuries of the oral mucosa are an important aspect in clinical practice, since they express the existance of systemic diseases or of intrinsic and specific adiopathic diseases of the oral cavity. An updated, detailed, simple and practical review of the oral aphthaes and, specially, of recurrent aphthous stomatitis concerning concept, etiology, pathogeny, diagnosis and therapeutic management was made. The oral aphthaes as specific entities with characteristics that are clinically difficult to be joined up, require a comprehensive knowledge of anatomy, physiology and immunology of the oral and systemic cavity that allows the general physician and the stomatologist to interprete their existance in order to apply the adequate therapeutics.

Among the main health problems of a community are those related to oral health. They have a high incidence and prevalence in the population and, that's why, the stomatologist's work at the primary health care level is directed to achieve the maintenance of an optimum oral health state as long as possible. It is necessary to identify the behavior of the main determinants of oral health and morbidity in the family context to take specific actions that guarantee the family's oral health. As this type of indicator is not used in our environment, it is difficult for us to approach this problem in an adequate way. A series of family indicators is proposed to measure oral health and its determinants, for which there were identified the variables making possible the measurement of the aspects studied that will allow later to design a tool that registers the required information.

The clinical case of a patient that visits the Service of Maxillofacial surgery of "Miguel Enríquez" Hospital with an increase of volume in the left hemimaxilla that appear after exodontia of 26 and 27 2 months before, is presented aimed at showing an uncommon case, its diagnosis and conduction. The patient reveals rhinolalia and hypoacusia. On the physical examination, it was found tumefaction that erases the bottom of the vestibular sulcus of premolars and molars of the left side, of hard consistency, and with a central area of granular aspect. On the rhinoscopic examination, it is observed a hypocolored tumoral mass that occupies the left nasal fossa and deviate the nasal septum to the opposite side. Imaging studies ratify the presence of a tumor on the left nasal fossa. The incisional biopsy performed confirms the histopathological diagnosis of inverted papilloma. This uncommon case had a satisfactory solution by surgical resection.

La displasia ectodérmica es una enfermedad genética muy rara, la cual se encuentra caracterizada por manifestaciones odontoestomatológicas imponentes; presenta aspectos interesantes desde el punto de vista del diagnóstico, así como la rehabilitación conjunta ortodóntica, protésica y estética. En el Servicio de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Estomatológica INPE concurrió una paciente de 9 años de edad con manifestaciones clínicas de displasia ectodérmica, principalmente anodoncia, hipoplasia de dientes anteriores y malposición dentaria, con dientes de aspecto de conos y anomalías de las cúspides, y con afectación sicológica de la paciente. Con un tratamiento conjunto de ortodoncia y del estomatólogo general integra,l se logró restituir la maloclusión, y al mismo tiempo, con el tratamiento estético, se devolvió a la paciente a la vida socialmente útil y afectiva en vísperas de cumplir los 15 años.

The use of bone grafts as an alternative to reconstruct osteal congenital or caused defects, such as traumatisms, oncological and infectious sequelae, is aimed at restoring the anatomical and functional integrity of an altered structure. During decades, investigators have tried to find in grafts certain characteristics that response to each of the reconstruction needs. This fact has led to the study and comparison of the benefits of some osteal structures that are potential donors and may increase the chances of success and considerably reduce the possible risks and complications during the graft taking. Likewise, diverse implantation materials have been studied, but they do not have the natural capacity to induce the osteal regeneration process, which makes them inert biocompatible "filling" materials that do not substitute the characteristics of the grafts, but they can improve the results if they are used together. The present paper recommends the use of bone grafts as a viable, effective and current alternative as regards reconstruction.

T10 patients were operated on of the nasal dorsum. 9 were considered as large (4 mm or more) and 1 as small with less than a mm. It was observed a prevalence of males and the defect was acquired. In 9 of the patients with large defects, it was used L-shaped iliac crest bone graft, lying on own bones and nasal spine. Cartilage was used in one patient with smalldefect. The result was evaluated 8 years later as satisfactory from the aesthetical and functional point of view, without clinical evidence of reabsorption.

La leucoplasia vellosa (LV) es un marcador bucal de infección por VIH. La LV es una lesión asintomática que se presenta principalmente en los bordes laterales de la lengua. Por motivos estéticos, particularmente cuando las lesiones son muy extensas, algunos pacientes solicitan tratamiento. La resina de podofilina (RP) es un agente quimioterapéutico tópico ampliamente utilizado por los dermatólogos para tratar infecciones por virus de papiloma humano (VPH). Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón VIH+ de 32 años de edad y homosexual, que fue tratado por presentar LV bilateral en lengua. Se aplicó RP al 25 % en las lesiones. Luego de 2 semanas de tratamient , se apreció una involución significativa de la LV. El paciente reportó efectos secundarios mínimos que incluyeron sensación de ardor y dolor. Ningún efecto colateral sistémico fue reportado. Estos hallazgos preliminares sugieren que  la RP al 25 % puede ser un tratamiento relativamente seguro y rentable para la LV en pacientes seropositivos.