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546,196 artículos
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Alarcón, Paula; Vinet , Eugenia; Salvo , Sonia
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
The present study was aimed at identifying personality traits in adolescent offenders. With this purpose, Millons Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) was administered to a sample of 86 Chilean male adolescents who had broken de law. Data obtained were analyzed by a combination of an HJ-Biplot multivariate analysis and an analysis
by conglomerates. These analyses yielded five groupings of personality profiles: (a) Transgressor-Delictual type T-D, (b) the Opossitionistic-Selfdestructive type O-A, (c) the Inhibited-Avoiding type I-E, (d) the Anxious-Dependent type D-A, and (e) the Subclinical type Sub. These results are discussed in terms of the tentative importance that personality profiles may have as predictors of a greater probability of recursiveness and harmfulness of crimes committed by adolescents, as well as in terms of the relevance gained by personality assessment in adolescents, particularly in the context of judicial work.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Guerrero, Patricia
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
The following article shows the results of an action-research that analyzes the difficulties of introducing a new strategy to develop creativity in three Chilean schools in the context of the Chilean Educational Reform. Bibliography on the topic is discussed from a sociological and psychological perspective. Grounded Theory is used to analyze interviews and field observations and to triangulate the information from the participants of this study. The results of the study are presented as well as some conclusions about future educational interventions.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Quintana, Carmen Gloria
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
This article presents the results of a research on the perception of Burnout Syndrome in teams working with severe child abuse and its relationship with the themes inner aspects, personal, group, organizational and socio-legal factors. Moreover, it identifies and describes protective factors. A methodological design of a qualitative nature was used. It involved 19 professionals of various teams and a group of former workers. All of them were involved with SENAMEs severe child abuse reparation programs. The results point to the lack of consistent public policies in the area as the cause
tied to the dynamics inherent to this theme
that most strongly influences the onset of Burnout Syndrome in these teams. Nevertheless, phenomena associated to organizational matters also predispose to the syndrome.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Weiss Tapia, Carolina
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
This article presents the results of an investigation about the creation and development process of a help phone line service, through the perceptions of the professionals who take care of the calls and the callers who use the service. A qualitative methodological design was used. The totality of the professionals of Fonoinfancia service
and sixteen users participated in the study. The results show the effectiveness of Fonoinfancia service, which is evidenced by the satisfaction of professionals and users of the service. This satisfaction responds to the good fulfillment of the objectives proposed by the Fonoinfancia service and to the positive evaluation that the users make, who find responses to their demands of assistance.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Pino Muñoz, Mónica Marlene; Bravo Valdivieso, Luis
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
The aim of this article is to present the results of a longitudinal study of a group of public school pupils on their visualperception, visual memory and visual-orthographic recognizing of words and their predictivity on early reading. The sample was comprised of 105 first grade students. The children were assessed using nine tests to measure visual and visual-ortographic perceptual recognition, and a test to measure their reading ability. Results show that Reys test, which assesses visual perception ability, has a predictive value on initial reading in Spanish speaking Chilean children.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Pool, Alejandro
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
Radical Behaviorism, whose most important exponent was B. F. Skinner, is often misunderstood and criticized in academic and non academic circles. Different cultural, ideological and politic factors help to contribute to this attitude. The present paper offers a panoramic view of the most controversial issues about this theory and some of
its critics. The aim is to discuss some of the ideas or hypothesis that psychology has assumed as certainties without any questioning, considering that a debate on this ideas could contribute to the development of this science.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
In the present text, a critical analysis of the position of Francisco Varela is made, with respect to diverse texts of his theoretical development. The main argument affirms that the autopoiesis stays (in an epistemologic level) throughout his work, generating a great amount of conceptual contradictions and superpositions of logical levels. The unsuitability of the combined use of the theory of complex systems with the autopoietic approach and the paradigm of emergent identity stands out in this sense, on the basis of the pseudoexplanations that produces. It leads to a reorientation of the amplitude and reaches of the paradigm of emergent identity and the enaction to the light of critical analysis.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Navarro Saldaña, Gracia; Pérez Villalobos, Cristhian; González Cid, Angélica; Mora Mardones, Olga; Jiménez Espinoza, Jorge
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
The aim of the present study is to describe the primary school teachers social responsible behavior selfatribution, and its relation with the teachers perceived facilitation level of parents involvement in their childrens teaching-learning process. The Social Responsible Behavior Self-atribution Survey (CSRp) were applied to 32 teachers and a Parents Perception of Teachers Survey were used with 628 parents. Significant differences in the parents perception were found associated with the both scales of the CSRp. The resulting outcomes suggests the importance of a teacher-parents horizontal relations and collectives intentions to facilitate the parents involvement.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Valdés, Nelson; Krause, Mariane; Vilches, Oriana; Dagnino, Paula Andrea; Echavarri, María Orietta; Ben-Dov, Perla; Arístegui, Roberto; De la Parra, Guillermo
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
This article presents the results of a study aimed to determine and describe the type of communicative actions made by therapists and patients during the sessions of a group therapy. A discovery-oriented methodology was applied, conducting qualitative content analysis. Results include the description of the identified actions by levels of analysis, and their ideal sequential patterns, associated to in-session change and particularly to this therapeutic modality. Finally, the results are discussed considering the main theoretical and empirical frameworks in psychotherapy research.
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Año:
2005
ISSN:
0718-2228
Valdenegro, Boris
Escuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Resumen
This study analyzed the relation between social participation, subjective anomia, perceived social support, locus of control and perception of being object of prejudice, in relation to the variable infraction of law. Significant differences were found between groups in social participation (p < 0.05), perceived social support (p < 0.001) and
perception of being object of prejudice (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in subjective anomia and locus of control. A linear relation was found between social participation, perceived social support, perception of being object of prejudice and infraction of law, with a 19.5% of explained variance. The
results demonstrate the relevance of these variables in the analyzed dynamic and the complexity of the phenomenon, requiring new investigations that deepen these findings.
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