Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El presente artículo de reflexión teórica analiza el principio de favorabilidad en el proceso penal, en virtud de que la doctrina y la norma jurídica entienden restringido el ámbito de aplicabilidad de ley más favorable a casos de conflictos entre leyes vigentes o de vigencia sucesiva respecto al momento de la comisión del delito, y otorga sólo significado a la favorabilidad en la relación entre los términos de la pena desde su aspecto cuantitativo. El enfoque de investigación cualitativa, mediante la revisión documental y bibliográfica, con apoyo en los métodos inductivos-deductivos, de análisis y síntesis, y exegético jurídico, permitieron reflexionar de forma teórica en la materia. Los resultados exhiben la validación de lo afirmado por la autora respecto a considerar que los temas de favorabilidad deben alcanzar no solo el conflicto de normas a resolverse desde la valoración del quantum de la pena, sino también otras instituciones jurídicas de carácter sustantivo y adjetivo. Lo que permitió concluir, que la visión del principio de favorabilidad contraído solo a la aplicación de pena más benigna, limita los derechos del sujeto pasivo del proceso penal si su aplicación no se extiende más allá de la valoración del quantum de la pena. 

Los temas referentes a cultura financiera en la población han sido renuentes en las últimas décadas con gran importancia socioeconómica, razón por la cual se debe educar y culturizar a la población del cantón Portoviejo, tomando en consideración tres dimensiones: Servicios financieros, control financiero y ahorro, y de esta manera puedan estar protegidos frente a los riesgos y crisis, además de fomentar la cultura del ahorro.  Por tanto, el objetivo de la temática fue evaluar empíricamente la cultura y habilidades financieras de la población de Portoviejo.  Realizándose una investigación cuantitativa de naturaleza descriptiva y diseño no experimental, tomando como base información primaria producto de las encuestas a los habitantes entre 15 y 65 años de la población económicamente activa del cantón.  Los participantes del estudio fueron 383 personas que contestaron las preguntas de acuerdo a un cuestionario con escala Likert, que generó un Alfa de Cronbach total de 0,928, donde la principal conclusión del artículo se manifiesta en que existe aún poca cultura financiera, así como escasas habilidades y prácticas en el manejo del dinero por parte de la población tanto urbana como rural.

El Estado ecuatoriano al no garantizar la efectiva protección de los derechos humanos se ha tenido que enfrentar a demandas internacionales incoadas ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, siendo éste, un Tribunal de Protección Jurídica Internacional de los Derechos Humanos a sentenciado al Ecuador bajo la Institución Jurídica de “Responsabilidad Internacional” por haber incumplido con las disposiciones normativas establecida en la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos. El presente trabajo se enmarca en el impacto para el Estado ecuatoriano de la creación del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos en cuanto a la promoción y protección de los Derechos Humanos, se realizó mediante un análisis histórico teniendo como base la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana, además como se ha llevado el control convencional en el Ecuador y el cumplimiento efectivo de las sentencias de la Corte IDH para garantizar una real reparación a las víctimas y sus familiares.

Lithium is a psychiatric pharmacological agent used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder and has been shown to be effective in preventing manic and depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. However, its neuroprotective properties and its intervention neuronal inflammatory pathways, postulate it as a drug that could be used in pathologies with cognitive impairment. It produces neuroprotective effects in a large number of neuronal populations involved in both behavioral and motor circuits. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits at the neuronal level, which makes it extremely useful as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. A great ability for neurogenesis and neuroprotection is demonstrated, mainly at the level of the hippocampus. Their limitations and contraindications should be taken into account when evaluating their efficacy. The review was carried out with the aim of analyzing the use, efficacy and benefits of lithium as a neuroprotective and regenerative agent in degenerative neurological pathologies.

The development of 3D printing techniques allows the advance of personalized medicine, which is based on designing treatments, individuality of patients and their specific comorbidity, in order to improve adherence and safety in therapeutic management. The importance of this technique is the fact that it allows designing the characteristics of the treatment in order to offer a solution to the problem associated with polypharmacy in geriatric patients, by reducing the amount of drugs they must use daily and also by combining several active compounds in one. With this technique we can increase adherence, safety and tolerability to the treatment of each patient. The objective of this manuscript is to investigate the importance of the development of 3D printing drugs and how this technique increases adherence to therapies in geriatic population, as well as to reduce the risks associated with polypharmacy in this demographic group. 3D printing drugs improves the quality of life in polymedicated geriatric population, however, currently there is not enough studies which is why it is important to continue with the development of research to identify the advantage and limitations of this technology.

Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and is a growing public health concern throughout the world. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese patients has been well documented, and is mainly attributed to a dilutional effect due to greater amount of adipose tissue. It has not yet been established whether vitamin D deficiency acts as a specific cause of obesity, if obesity causes vitamin D deficiency, or whether the two form a vicious circle. However, it has been documented that such deficiency could exacerbate the natural process of obesity, increasing the risk of developing other pathologies and comorbidities. Research concerning vitamin D supplementation in this population is increasing in popularity due to its apparent multiple benefits, however, there are also studies that show inconclusive results regarding its usefulness. This review examines the possible causes of vitamin D deficiency in obese patients, the clinical consequences of said deficiency, and the evidence on the value of vitamin D supplementation in this population group.

  Both delirium and dementia are frequent pathologies globally, in both cases the prevalence increases as people age, therefore, taking into account the current population trend towards ageing, the study of these clinical entities has become more relevant. In this article, the key points of delirium and the types of dementia are remembered, and at last what has been published up to date about these two entities together is presented, as well as the challenges that will be faced in the future on this topic.            

Herpetic keratitis is the leading cause of infectious blindness around the world, the main pathogen is Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1). Exposure to VHS-1 worldwide is extremely common; around 90% of the adult population has been exposed to this virus at some point in their lives. The ocular infection happens mainly because of retrograde transport from the Trigeminal Ganglion to the eye, resulting in mostly epithelial herpetic keratitis. The clinical manifestations of the first episode are usually asymptomatic. Some of these patients will present with recurrences which cause symptoms, epithelial ulcers, stromal keratitis and endotheliitis. These recurrences may cause corneal opacification and blindness. An adequate diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent the complications. This pathology is usually self limited but the use of treatments such as Acyclovir topical or orally helps diminish the symptoms and recurrences.

Antibiotic resistance currently represents one of the greatest global health threats. The rapid development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is challenging the scientific community to find new ways to control bacterial infections while also creating new antibiotics to replace those that are now useless. The consequences of this crisis are already visible in the increase in illness and death, with approximately 2.8 million infections and 700,000 deaths globally per year. The main cause of this crisis is the use given to antibiotics, so in order to combat antibiotic resistance, the population must be informed of the correct use of antibiotics and thus stop the problem before it starts.