Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In the context of formative assessment, feedback plays a pivotal role in fostering critical reflection on performance and enhancing student learning in higher education. However, engaging students meaningfully in feedback processes remains a persistent challenge. This single-case study aimed to implement participatory and collaborative feedback strategies that actively involve students in critical reflection and performance improvement, contributing to the development of formative assessment expertise among future teachers. Two instruments were employed: a reflective questionnaire on the feedback received and a semi-structured mixed-methods questionnaire to gather students’ perceptions. The findings indicate that students value feedback more highly when it encourages critical reflection and is delivered through constructive and respectful communication that preserves their self-image. Additionally, students highlighted the positive impact of oral feedback in audio format, citing its proximity, clarity, and constructive tone. Nevertheless, challenges were identified, particularly the need to work more systematically with students on crafting specific and constructive comments when providing peer feedback.

This article aims to explore the various types of educational trajectories followed by students in the Province of Buenos Aires, with the goal of capturing the diverse paths taken throughout secondary education. The analysis is based on the construction of a typology of trajectories defined by different student characteristics, including those who left the system without transfer, those who were promoted, repeaters, and overage students. The typology is developed using a cluster classification technique, resulting in five distinct types of school trajectories. Additionally, the article presents cartographic visualizations of selected educational indicators across districts in the province, offering a territorial perspective on the distribution of challenges related to student retention. The study also examines the relationship between trajectory types and various aspects of the educational system, revealing a segmentation of educational paths based on school governance (public/private), educational indicators, and learning outcomes.

This study aims to identify the instruments used in empirical research to assess reading and writing skills in Spanish-speaking children attending the early grades of primary education in Latin America. A systematic review of the literature published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted. A total of 92 studies met the inclusion criteria and allowed for the identification of 23 assessment instruments. In general, the reviewed instruments consist of batteries comprising various tasks that evaluate components recognized as central to the development of reading and writing. Within the Latin American context, it is essential to continue developing theoretically grounded instruments that address the linguistic particularities of the different varieties of Spanish, and that are supported not only by psychometric studies but also by normative data obtained from local populations.

Understanding how future teachers self-regulate their teaching activities is essential for strengthening educational quality. Assessing this process is challenging, especially in initial teacher training, where developing it is crucial. This instrumental study aimed to validate the Teacher Self-Regulation Assessment Questionnaire among pre-service teacher education students in Uruguay. A total of 175 students from a teacher training institute in Maldonado participated (94 % women; M = 27.6 years), all undertaking pre-professional practice. In addition to the teacher self-regulation questionnaire, a teacher well-being questionnaire was administered. The analyses aimed to gather evidence of construct and convergent validity and to explore teacher self-regulation profiles. The results support the validity of the factorial model of the original scale, with a second-order factor (self-regulation) and three first-order factors: forethought, performance, and self-reflection. The scales and subscales showed acceptable reliability indicators. Significant positive correlations were found between teacher self-regulation and teacher well-being. Cluster analysis identified profiles corresponding to high, medium, and low levels of teacher self-regulation, showing internal variability. The results suggest that the questionnaire is a valid instrument for assessing teacher self-regulation in initial teacher training. The relationship with teacher well-being highlights the importance of teacher self-regulation in developing interventions aimed at improving educational quality.

Student-centered teaching is regarded as the ideal approach for higher education; however, significant barriers continue to hinder its full adoption. The aim of this study is to identify the barriers reported by academics and to describe the particularities of their perspectives and experiences concerning them. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis based on interviews with faculty members teaching undergraduate programs in various health-related disciplines in Chile. The barriers and challenges identified cluster around student characteristics, faculty attributes, and institutional and cultural contexts. These barriers emerge from the challenges that educators must face in response to societal change. Therefore, teacher training, the recognition of teaching as a professional endeavor, and the ongoing, both personal and institutional, inquiry into teaching practices are of particular relevance.

The main objective of this research project is to carry out a mineralogical characterization of the types of clays present in the fine soils of the city of Pucallpa, located in the department of Ucayali, central eastern Peru, on the banks of the Ucayali River at an altitude of 154 meters above sea level. For the development of this study, a geotechnical campaign was planned that consisted of the execution of 40 open-air pits to a depth of 1.50 meters in the provinces of Yarinacocha, Manantay and Callería. In these pits, cubic blocks of unaltered clay, with sides of 30 cm, were extracted. Subsequently, these blocks were transferred to Lima, specifically to the soil mechanics laboratories of the Ricardo Palma University, where the corresponding normal and special tests were carried out for their characterization, following the procedures established in the national technical standards (NTP) and international (ASTM). The determination of the type of mineral in clay soils was carried out using the theories of Skempton (1953), who defined the concept of "clay activity" (A). This determination was based on obtaining the Atterberg limits (liquid limit and plastic limit) and on sedimentation granulometry tests to obtain the amount of clay particles with diameters less than 0.002mm. The results obtained on the activity of clays allowed us to identify the predominance of certain types of clay minerals in the extensive areas of the city of Pucallpa. It was determined that the predominant clays are illite, which is inactive and has a low volume change potential, and kaolinite, which is normal and has a medium volume change potential. Recognizing the type of clay mineral allows us to understand its physical and chemical properties, such as its stability and its tendency to present fewer expansion problems. This information is taken into account to make informed decisions in the design of foundations on fine soils in the city of Pucallpa.

Objective: To evaluate the work process of Primary Health Care teams in Brazil, based on the rural/urban typology defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Method: This is a cross-sectional evaluative study with a quantitative and analytical approach, based on secondary data from the third cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), conducted between 2017 and 2018. A total of 37,350 Primary Health Care (PHC) teams (96.1% of those approved for participation) were analyzed. The study focused on two analytical axes: (1) territorialization and (2) team planning. Data were processed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), which enabled the identification of patterns in the organization of work processes based on municipal typology. Results: The study revealed important disparities across municipal strata. Adjacent rural municipalities had the lowest percentage of teams with uncovered populations (21.0%), while urban and remote intermediate municipalities showed the highest rates (42.0% and 43.6%, respectively). Regarding planning, 15.1% of teams reported not conducting planning activities, with the lowest proportions found in remote municipalities. The MCA perceptual maps identified three main clusters, showing the concentration of positive organizational attributes in intermediate adjacent municipalities and weaker work processes in remote areas. Conclusion: The organization of PHC teams' work processes varies significantly according to the rural/urban classification of municipalities. These findings reinforce the need for territorialized policies and differentiated support strategies to strengthen PHC performance in diverse Brazilian contexts.

Introduction: Acute Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies both globally and nationally, with various factors potentially leading to greater complications. This study aims to determine the association between complicated acute appendicitis and forced migration in adults treated at a referral hospital in Peru between 2020 and 2024. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and retrospective study was conducted on a population of patients over 18 years old diagnosed with acute appendicitis. The sample included 690 patients, analyzed according to clinical, demographic, and laboratory variables. Results: The findings showed a significant association between forced migration and complicated acute appendicitis (CAA). The mean age of the patients was 46.11 ± 10.5 years, with a predominance of males (52.9%) and adults (88.4%) in the migrant group, where 73.2% presented CAA. Additionally, forced migration was significantly associated with CAA (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.14; p = 0.023), as well as a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 7.4 and an Alvarado score > 7.5. Conclusions: The results suggest that forced migration is a significant risk factor for the development of complicated acute appendicitis, possibly due to barriers in healthcare access and delayed diagnosis. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen strategies to improve medical care for migrant populations and reduce these health disparities.

Introduction: The health status of employees influences productivity and absenteeism in the workplace. In Costa Rica, no studies exploring the relationship between the work environment and employee health were found. Methodology: This study employed a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of workers from a private company in Costa Rica, with a sample size of 92 merchandisers. The study variables included lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, anthropometric data, age, and disabilities. Logistic regression models were used to observe the effect of fasting blood glucose, altered blood pressure, and worker’s nutritional status on the quantification of the risk of work disability. Additionally, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was performed (statistical significance p≤0.05). Results: The sample had an average age of 34±7.7 years, and over 75% were overweight to some degree. A significant association (p<0.04) was found between triglyceride levels and HDL cholesterol (p<0.02) with age. It was determined that for each unit increase in glucose, the risk of disability increased 7% (OR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14), significantly. Conclusions: In this population, most risk factors occur independently of age, which is a cause for concern. Individuals with altered fasting blood glucose have a higher risk of disability compared to those without this factor.

Introduction: The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) arises with the potential to collaborate with Education and Science, transiting between a dialectical matrix of aggrandizement of the action of learning and teaching through the optimization of its processes, but it also presents challenges for this teaching-learning relationship in the field of Collective Health, due to the way this technology can be used and the lack of regulation that accompanies its rapid development. Study proposal: To analyze the use of Artificial Intelligence in the teaching-learning process in the field of Collective Health, by students and educators, from a dialectical perspective. Discussion: This is a critical-reflective theoretical essay, presented in two problematized axes, namely: the concrete context of teaching-learning in the face of the use of AI in Collective Health: Challenges about its use in teaching-learning in Collective Health; and the relationship between the new and the fetish about its use in the future of Collective Health. Final Considerations: It is concluded that the use of Artificial Intelligence cannot be denied as a tactic to achieve a dialectic of teaching-learning-teaching-learning, however, its use needs to overcome the barriers of irrational instrumentality due to the absence of reflection and criticism, essential attitudes for the field of Collective Health, avoiding the destructive traps of alienated activity/work.