Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Gonarthrosis limits joint function and causes gait disturbances as a result of the articular and periarticular changes the joint undergoes. Objective: To identify the most common gait disturbances in older adults with a confirmed diagnosis of gonarthrosis. Methods: The study consisted of a bibliographic review of documents from scientific journals indexed in regional and high-impact databases (Scielo, Latindex, Redalyc, Scopus, PubMed, and Medline) during the period 2018–2024. Google Scholar was used as the search engine, health descriptors in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were used to increase search volume, and Boolean operators (AND, OR, and NOT) were used to optimize results. Seventy-one documents were identified, of which 25 contributed to the research. Development: The study focused on the analysis of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of gonarthrosis and the etiopathogenic implications of the disease for gait disorders in older adults. In this last aspect, the different gait types were addressed, which are described with their characteristics, patterns, and consequences. Conclusions: The gait in older adults with gonarthrosis is a reflection of the biomechanical alterations caused by joint degeneration. Although gait adaptation is necessary to mitigate pain, it can compromise functionality and increase the risk of other complications, such as falls or muscle problems. The most common gait patterns are antalgic, rigid, zigzag, and compensatory.

Introduction: Peripheral giant cell granuloma is a gingival enlargement or reactive hyperplasia that occurs in the gingiva in response to local irritation or chronic trauma. Objective: To describe the clinical case of a pediatric patient with aesthetic and functional impairment due to an interincisal peripheral giant cell granuloma. Clinical Case: A 10-year-old male patient presented with a painless, firm, hypercolored, sessile-based, localized enlargement in the upper central interincisal region. This enlargement appeared after minor trauma weeks earlier. An excisional biopsy confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a pyogenic granuloma, but the condition relapsed significantly. Therefore, it was necessary to perform another excisional biopsy, this time with a periodontal flap due to bone involvement. Conclusions: Peripheral giant cell granuloma can be very aggressive in children, affecting aesthetics and function, and its removal by periodontal flap reduces the possibility of recurrence.

The 1-hour glucose tolerance test is proposed as a more sensitive and practical method to detect intermediate hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to the 2-hour glucose tolerance test. OGTT-1h, with cut-off points of 155 mg/dL for IH and 209 mg/dL for T2DM, promises earlier detection and is a better predictor of future risk of T2DM. Although OGTT-1h faces challenges in its implementation, such as the need for validation in different populations and training of medical personnel, it is expected to improve the early detection and prevention of T2DM. Despite the lack of explicit endorsement from organizations such as the WHO, OGTT-1h represents a significant advance in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, with the potential to transform medical care and research.

Introduction: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy characterized by immune-mediated damage to the peripheral nervous system. Jusvinza is an immunomodulatory drug previously administered to patients with rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19. Its anti-inflammatory properties support its potential therapeutic application in conditions such as GBS. Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Jusvinza in the treatment of GBS. Methods: Thirteen patients diagnosed with GBS, primarily associated with respiratory infections, were enrolled following informed consent. Eleven patients received intravenous Jusvinza at a dosage of 1 mg every 8 hours, while the remaining two were treated with standard therapy. Clinical progression, recovery time, duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), adverse events, and discharge status were documented in medical records. These data were subsequently organized and analyzed using comparative tables. Results: Jusvinza reduced the average recovery time and ICU stay by 18 and 27 days, respectively, compared to standard immunotherapies. No respiratory complications or other adverse events were reported, and no serious side effects were associated with the treatment. All patients showed favorable clinical outcomes and were discharged. Conclusions: Jusvinza promote rapid clinical improvement in patients with GBS and demonstrated a favorable safety profile, representing a promising starting point for future research.

Introduction: Psychological adaptation and coping with adversity in sociopolitical crisis contexts represent a critical challenge for vulnerable communities, such as university populations. Understanding the factors that contribute to mental well-being in these circumstances is essential for public health. Objective: To examine the relationship between resilience, cognitive flexibility, and their academic and psychological impact within an Ecuadorian university community affected by an internal armed conflict. Methods: Participants included 260 students, faculty, and administrative staff (58% women, ages 18 to 55) from the State University of Milagro, Ecuador. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive design was used. The variables studied were resilience, cognitive flexibility, and their academic and psychological impact. The Cambios test was applied remotely to measure cognitive flexibility, and the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale was administered via institutional emails. Analysis included ANOVA, linear regression, and principal component analysis. Results: Resilience was significantly associated with a lower perception of negative impact (B = ‑0.316; p = 0.004), while cognitive flexibility did not show a significant relationship (p > 0.05). Additionally, associations were found between resilience and sociodemographic variables, such as educational level and marital status. Conclusion: Resilience is associated with a lower perception of negative impact in the affected university community. This underscores its importance in facing adversity within sociopolitical crisis contexts and highlights the need for interventions that promote well-being.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder whose motor and non-motor symptoms cause functional disability, dependence, and affect quality of life. Hydrotherapy is presented as a complementary treatment that provides benefits to patients. Objective: To analyze the existing scientific evidence on the benefits of hydrotherapy as a complementary treatment for older adults with Parkinson's disease. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted that included documents published in the last 5 years in journals indexed in regional and high-impact databases (Scielo, Latindex, Redalyc, Scopus, PubMed, and Medline). The descriptors used, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, were elderly, Parkinson's disease, and hydrotherapy, and Boolean operators (OR, NOT, and AND) allowed for increasing and optimizing the results of the search for scientific information. A total of 79 documents were identified, of which 38 were used in the research. Development: The literature review focused on the impact on older adults' health due to the presence of motor and non-motor symptoms and the benefits that hydrotherapy provides to older adults with Parkinson's disease. The advantages in the physical, mental, and social aspects of the patient are highlighted. Conclusions: It is concluded that hydrotherapy contributes to improving the motor and non-motor symptoms of older adults with Parkinson's disease. Its benefits include improved physical and mental status, as well as the patient's social reintegration.

Introduction: The AIDS Research Laboratory (LISIDA) has gradually employed information and communications technologies (ICTs) to meet ethical standards, including confidentiality, impartiality, and quality of information generated during the institution's processes. Objective: To analyze the evolution of information management during the confirmatory diagnosis and follow-up of patients with HIV infection at LISIDA. Development: Since the diagnosis of the first case of HIV in Cuba, LISIDA has incorporated ICTs into the management of information from the results of studies performed in serological and molecular diagnosis of HIV. The management and control of patient information and their respective samples at LISIDA is part of the continuous improvement of the institution's quality management system, which favors the certification of diagnostic processes by the Cuban regulatory body. Conclusions: Information management at LISIDA constitutes a necessary and useful tool for the control, monitoring, and treatment of HIV-positive patients in Cuba.

Introduction: Medications are fundamental tools in current therapeutics. To prescribe them appropriately, healthcare professionals must have adequate training, experience, principles, and values, as well as ethical, moral, and legal responsibility to the patient, their families, and society. Objective: Analyze errors in drug prescription that affect the quality of medical practice. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted of original articles, reviews, books, monographs, theses, and legal documents indexed in the SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS databases and located through Google Scholar. Full-text articles in Spanish, Portuguese, and English, with preference given to those published since 2020. Ninety-four articles were found, and 45 were selected due to their direct relevance to the topic. Development: Attending physicians must follow the steps of the diagnostic process for each of their patients and establish the treatment, for which they must provide a rational prescription of medications. This process can be related to polypharmacy, therapeutic diagnosis, therapeutic cascade, and various prescribing errors that have the potential to lead to inappropriate drug use and harm the patient. Errors include poor handwriting legibility, use of abbreviations, lack of established data on the prescriber, the patient, and the medication, as well as bioethical aspects. Conclusions: Prescribing medications is a complex process that requires healthcare professionals to avoid errors and institutions to provide the means to prevent them.

Introduction: Chromomycosis is a chronic, granulomatous subcutaneous mycosis caused by dermatiaceous fungi, which most commonly affects adults between the second and sixth decades of life. It is acquired through transcutaneous trauma, which allows fragments of hyphae and conidia to penetrate the skin. Objective: To present a patient with chromomycosis, an attached squamous cell carcinoma, successfully treated with surgery and systemic antifungal therapy. Clinical Case: A 77-year-old male patient with phototype I and severe sun damage, with a plaque-like lesion on the right forearm suggestive of chromomycosis and an attached squamous cell carcinoma. Antifungal treatment with itraconazole and excision of the tumor were indicated. Six months later, no recurrence was observed. Conclusions: Reports of chromomycosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma are rare, a complication in long-standing, untreated lesions. However, in this patient it appeared in short-term lesions.

Introduction: Subclinical congestion is defined as the accumulation of fluids within blood vessels, tissues, or organs without obvious clinical manifestations. It is diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound. Objective: To demonstrate the importance of ultrasound in recognizing the manifestations of plasma leakage due to dengue from those of subclinical congestion due to diabetic nephropathy at the point of care. Clinical Case: A 21-year-old male patient with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted with a diagnosis of dengue. On the fifth day, ultrasound examination revealed bilateral pleural effusion, free abdominal fluid, and a dilated inferior vena cava. Based on these findings, it was decided to transfer him to the intensive care unit. He was evaluated using point-of-care ultrasound and diagnosed with subclinical global congestion. Treatment with diuretics was prescribed, which resulted in the resolution of the congestion. Conclusions: Point-of-care ultrasound allows differentiation between ultrasound findings typical of complicated dengue and those associated with subclinical congestion states secondary to other causes.