Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

his research presents a reflection on artificial intelligence (I.A.), its ethical challenges, and its link to transhumanism, dataism, and/or technological totalitarianism. It broaches the most pressing challenges, such as the invasion of privacy by data gathering, social engineering, and the power of a technocrat elite. I.A. technologies present challenges to individuality, rights, and reduction to a mere property with unknown owners. This tech humanism resides in a technocrat elite supported by global public policies sponsored by governments planning this new global system over decades.

In 2010 the album was presented “Joe Quijano and Augusto Onna. Lo inédito de Tite Curet, 50 años después” (Cesta Records). This album compiled songs composed by Catalino "Tite" Curet (1926-2003), most of which had never been recorded. This production contains a theme composed towards the end of the 1950s, “El pastizal”, which shows the composer's ability to intuit novel themes that were just being considered or that had not even been developed yet. This essay highlights that characteristic of his songs. His production indicates that his importance transcends the limits of the salsa field, his compositions represent a form of popular knowledge that expresses an alternative vision of history and society, anticipating the knowledge product of academic activity.

En este número de la Revista Umbral invitamos a reflexionar sobre el estado actual de las Humanidades. Las humanidades relucen como importantes referencias en investigaciones y proyectos que van desde lo científico, lo tecnológico, lo político, a lo psicológico. Sin olvidar las colaboraciones entre las mismas disciplinas humanísticas, donde la historia del arte y de la música encapsulan en su naturaleza ese espíritu. Con este número, “Un mundo en crisis y las Humanidades. Sus retos y futuro”, la Revista Umbral busca mostrar y resaltar el rol que tienen las humanidades en una variedad de contextos, respondiendo a su objetivo de entender nuestras sociedades y culturas y asistir a su desarrollo.

Tithonus Syndrome is a recently established diagnosis referring to a mythological narrative from the era of classical Greece. It tells a story about youth, aging, longevity, and death. Today it is used as an emblem of a series of historical and psychopathological aspects that emanate from an inadequate perception of the aging process, the prejudices that accompany it, and the role of various biological substrates - cellular senescence, the principles of physical and mental aging among many - as well as accompanying psychological and psychiatric disorders such as gerascophobia, gerontophobia, heautoscopy and attitudes and treatment towards the senescent and senescence (ageism). The organic pathology of aging is elaborated within the physical and social system in which it develops and its demographic and economic consequences. Glimpsing the future evolution of these processes, the themes of senicide and euthanasia are introduced.

Los gobiernos de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) anunciaron una serie de medidas para reducir los impactos sociales y económicos de la pandemia de covid-19 en las mujeres. En un principio, la pandemia se entendió como un posible estímulo para un cambio significativo en las reglas del juego (o instituciones) de formular políticas públicas con perspectiva de género. En dos rondas de recopilación de datos, este estudio explora si estos cambios han ocurrido y cómo han evolucionado. Primero realizamos una revisión documental de las medidas anunciadas por los gobiernos centrales de ALC al inicio de la pandemia. Esto informó la colección de experiencias vividas relevantes a través de una serie de entrevistas. Lejos de haberse convertido en una oportunidad para la innovación, encontramos un alto nivel de rigidez institucional en la mayoría de los países estudiados, particularmente en medidas contra la violencia de género y del bienestar económico. La investigación adicional debe centrarse en conocer cómo esta rigidez es el resultado de una falta de sentido efectivo de las necesidades diferenciadas de las mujeres, y la incipiente transversalidad en el sector público.

This study aimed to analyze the level of knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that possess 51 teachers. The Autism Knowledge Questionnaire (AKQ) was used to evaluate the knowledge about ASD. It was observed that a 5.9%, 47.1% and 47.1% of the participants present, respectively, weak, acceptable, and good level of knowledge. Weaknesses and gaps of knowledge were associated with comorbidity, characteristics about ASD and the effects of medication. The results of ANOVAS evidenced non-significant differences in the mean scores on AKQ as a function of gender, the university training, the years of teacher’s professional experience and the typology of school. Regarding the current professional profile, Special Education teachers or Speech and Hearing teachers obtained significantly higher mean scores than Elementary teachers (d = 6.41). In the same way, professionals who had had contact with people with ASD reported significantly higher levels of knowledge than people who had not had contact (d = 7.62). In conclusion, it is required a reconceptualization of the teachers’ training that prioritizes the contact with pupils with ASD to enrich their knowledge and, therefore, accomplish an Inclusive Education.

The objective of this work is to present a bibliographic review on the evaluation of creativity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Following the PRISMA methodology, the screening process and the delimitation of the corpus resulted in twenty articles, which have been systematically analyzed. In studies on ASD, and despite detecting certain uneven results, there is a consensus on a higher-than-average development of the verbal creativity domain. On the other hand, in the case of students with ADHD, the results are very homogeneous and show superior scores on figurative creativity than boys and girls without ADHD. All these results demonstrate the relevance of deepening the analysis of creativity in students with special educational needs, which is a rising line of research.

Discrimination faced by Roma students leads to high rates of academic failure and school dropout while structural barriers continue to hinder their inclusion in the education system. Educational research shows that the engagement of families contributes to inclusion, academic success, and improvement of the quality of education. However, educational barriers and school segregation practices show the traditional deficiency of effective tools to promote family participation among the Roma population. Understanding the barriers that Roma families find to participate in the educational system involves the examination of complex processes and dynamics that we observe in practice and the role of the different actors in the schooling of Roma students. Schools as Learning Communities provide the democratic scenario to develop the type of relational and collaborative conditions that help both educators and families to participate in successful educational actions linked to school performance. The development of family engagement action plans connected to student achievement and the incorporation of the perspectives of Roma families can successfully increase their opportunities and expectations in the education system.

Academic learning and social skills are internalized through interactions and dialogue. However, students with disabilities have limitations at engaging in social interactions, affecting their educational experience. This case study analyses how a particular interactive learning environment, named Interactive Groups (IG), fosters quality interactions among students with disabilities. Five sessions of IG involving 20 students with disabilities in a special education setting were analysed. In total, 5831 interactions among the students were coded based on verbal and nonverbal communication. Besides, interviews with teachers and volunteers, and a focus group with students were conducted. Results show a high presence of attentional engagement towards the task, along with increased helping interactions. Benefits in terms of social skills and curricular development, fostering the acquisition of adaptative behaviours are identified.

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of service-learning in the transformation of the university teaching practice when a service-learning programme is included in some ethics and political philosophy courses. Method: A qualitative study was carried out through the analysis of the content of a focus group of the faculty. Results:Three categories were identified, related to the professors’ perception of how their own teaching activity is modified in each of the phases of (1)activating previous knowledge, (2)construction and application of knowledge, and (3)evaluation, with the purpose of enabling better use of the service-learning experience. Discussion: We highlight the potential of the service-learning experience but suggest that it is only truly educational due to the scaffolding that professors provide to address its challenges. We conclude that the extent to which students can benefit from this method depends on the faculty’s ability to adapt their teaching practice to it by (1)using examples taken from the student’s service experience, (2)guiding its articulation with theoretical knowledge and (3)prompting students to do specific structured reflection activities.