Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective. To describe the prevalence of hypertension in Mexican adults, the characteristics of their treatment and the proportion with controlled blood pressure (BP). Materials and methods. BP was measured in 8 647 adults who participated in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022). A participant was considered to have hypertension or controlled blood pressure when they met the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) or Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC-8) criteria. Results. The prevalence of hypertension in adults was 47.8% (according to the ACC/AHA criteria). Of these, 65.5% were unaware of their diagnosis. In adults with a previous diagnosis of hypertension, 33.7% had controlled BP. According to the JNC-8 classification, 29.4% of the adults had hypertension and 43.8% were unaware of their diagnosis. Conclusion. In Mexico, half of the adults have hypertension and three out of five have not been diagnosed. The health system must improve its detection mechanisms for hypertension because underdiagnosis and poor control of BP causes disability, poor quality of life, and premature mortality.

Objective. To describe the magnitude of the prevalence of anemia in the Mexican population participating in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022). Materials and methods. The Ensanut 2022 is a probabilistic survey. Venous blood was collected to estimated hemoglobin (Hb) using hemocue 201+, then Hb values were adjusted by altitude and anemia was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off for age and sex. Prevalence and 95%CI were reported considering the complex sample design. Results. The prevalence of anemia was 6.8% in children aged 1-4y, 3.8% in children aged 5-11y, 10.1% in adolescents (12-19y), 15.8% in women (20-49y) and 10.3% in older adults (≥60y). Conclusions. Anemia affected mainly adult women. Is a need to identify its causes and associated factors to target interventions and avoid the intergenerational cycle of anemia.

Objective. To describe the micronutrient deficiencies in the Mexican population in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022). Materials and methods. The Ensanut 2022 is a nationally representative probabilistic survey. Venous blood samples were collected in a sub-sample of children (48%) and women (37%). Serum was separated in situ to further analyse ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, and 25[OH] D in the central laboratory. Deficiency of these micronutrients was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Descriptive analyses were performed in preschool (1-4 years), scholar children (5-11 years) and women (12-49 years), using the complex design of the survey. Results. The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID), low levels of vitamin B12 and vitamin D deficiency were: 30.6, 17.4 and 4.7% in children aged 1-4 years; 17.2, 20 and 37.1% in children aged 5-11 years; and 37.1, 34 and 37.7% in women aged 12-49 years, respectively. Conclusions. ID in preschool children and micronutrient deficiencies in women were highly prevalent. A call to action is needed for targeted interventions in most disadvantaged social groups.

Objective. To update the estimates of percentage of usual Mexican consumers of recommended and non-recommended food groups. Materials and methods. The consumers percentage of 13 food groups with health relevance was estimated from data of a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, in children, adolescents and adults from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020-2022. Results. The food groups with greater number of consumers through all the age groups were plain water (>83%) and sweetened beverages (>76%). Nearly half of <20 years population were consumers of snacks, candies, and desserts, which is similar to the percentage of the fruits group consumers and greater than the vegetables group consumers (<30%). The legumes group had less than 26% of consumers across all age groups. Conclusion. The percentage of consumers of sweetened beverages is very high among all groups of age in Mexican population, whilst recommended food groups is very low. A deeper analysis of the cause of these differences is required, as well as actions designed and directed to increase diet quality in Mexican population.

Objective. To describe the prevalence of movement behaviors in 24 hours in the Mexican population. Materials and methods. Information on Movement behaviors in 24 hours (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior, and sleep) were obtained from Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022). Results. More than 65% of the children do not comply with PA recommendations and spend >2 hours/day in front of screens. Almost 91% of the adolescents in Mexico spend >2 hours in front of a screen every day. More than 30% of adolescents and adults do not meet sleep recommendations. Only 1.5% of children, 4.7% of adolescents, 40% of adults, and 1.5% of older adults met the three-movement behaviors recommendations. Conclusion. There is a need to develop specific strategies for each age group and to promote these movement behaviors from the early stages of life.

Objective. To estimate the percentage of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Mexican children under five years of age in the last two weeks, according to the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022). Materials and methods. We analyzed data from the Ensanut Continua 2022. Results. The percentage of ARI was 27.6% (95%CI: 25.2,30.1). The prevalence was higher in the first socioeconomic tercile (44.1% [95%CI: 38.0,50.4]). The most identified ARI alarm sign was “looking sicker” 33.0% (95%CI: 30.1,36.0), and the least was “pus coming out of the ear” (1.5% [95%CI: 0.9,2.7]). Conclusions. ARI affect about a third of children under five years of age in Mexico, particularly from households with lower economic capacities. It is necessary to strengthen prevention strategies including vaccination, control, and health promotion.

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of vaccination history among adults aged 20 to 59 years and 60 years and more by self-report. Materials and methods. Analysis of data obtained from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022). Results. 27.4% of adults aged 20-39 years reported having received double viral vaccine (measles and rubella [MR]) and 57.3% of adults aged 20-59 years any vaccine containing tetanus toxoid in the last ten years. Among women aged 29-49 years, 18.7% (95%IC: 17.0,20.5) and 58.46% (95%IC: 56.2,60.7) had been vaccinated with MR and Td vaccines, respectively. Among individuals 60 years of age or more, 48.8% (95%IC: 45.9,51.7), 24.4% (95%IC: 22.2,26.8) and 49.1% (95%IC: 46.1,52.2) reported having received Td, pneumococcal vaccine, and seasonal influenza vaccine since September of the year prior to the survey, respectively. Conclusion. The results of this study show that a considerable proportion of adults, women of childbearing age and older adults were not protected against vaccine-preventable diseases in 2022.

Objective. To describe vaccination coverage in 2022 among children and adolescents and to compare it with the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2021 (Ensanut 2021) results. Materials and methods. Analysis of data obtained from the Ensanut 2022. Results. Among children under five, BCG, hepatitis B, pentavalent or hexavalent, pneumococcal, rotavirus, and MMR coverage were (95%IC: 70.8,84.6), 65.1% (95%IC: 58.4,71.2), 69.0% (95%IC: 61.8,75.4), 88.0% (95%IC: 83.0,91.7), 81.6% (95%IC: 75.7,86.2) and 61.8% (95%IC: 55.6,67.6), respectively. At the first and second year of life, 42.6 and 26.6% had received their respective schemes. Estimated coverage for the first dose of MMR was significantly reduced 72.6% (95%IC: 67.5,77.1) vs. 61.8% (95%IC: 55.6,67.5). In adolescents, the vaccination history against HPV, hepatitis B, tetanus, and RS was 43.7% (95%IC: 39.9,47.6), 31.8% (95%IC: 29.8,34), 38.5% (95%IC: 35.94,41.2) and 32.6% (95%IC: 30.15,35.05). Conclusion. None of the immunogens reached the 90% coverage goal. Coverage for the first dose of MMR decreased in 2022 as compared to 2021.

Objective. To estimate the percentage of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) in children under five years of age in the last two weeks, according to data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022). Materials and methods. Data for children under five years included in the Ensanut Continua 2022 regarding ADD in the last two weeks were analyzed. These data were compared with those of previous Ensanut. Results. The percentage of ADD in Mexico was 9.4% (95%CI: 7.9,11.2), similar to that of 2000; with differences by age group. During the ADD episode, 38.7% (95%CI: 27.7,51.0) of caregivers offer less amount of food. Conclusions. The high percentage of ADD in children under five years in Mexico in 2022 shows the need to strengthen prevention and health promotion strategies.