Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective. To assess water insecurity in Mexican households according to sociodemographic characteristics and compare data from two national surveys. Materials and methods. To estimate water insecurity, we utilized the Household Water Insecurity Experiences scale and the sociodemographic characteristics of the households. The study variables were described as proportions with 95% confidence intervals. Results. We included information from Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2021 (12 463 households) and 2022 (10 356 households) that responded to the HWISE scale. The prevalence of water insecurity in 2021 was 16.3%, and in 2022 it was 16.5%. In 2021, 15.2% of households in rural localities had water insecurity, and in 2022, 17.2% of households had it. In 2021, the region with the lowest proportion of households with water insecurity was Frontera, but the prevalence of water insecurity in this region increased by 18.9 percentage points between 2021 and 2022. Conclusions. It is of national concern that Mexico develops an intensive action plan for environmental deterioration, water scarcity, and water pollution.

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of unintentional injuries and nonfatal consequences in Mexican population. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study with Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022), designed with a probabilistic, multi-stage, and stratified sampling. The prevalence of unintentional injuries by age group and sex, region, residence area, and well-being index was estimated. Results. Prevalence of non-fatal unintentional injuries was 5.74% (CI95%: 5.31,6.21), 30.5% (2.2 million) suffered permanent consequences and 62% requested medical care in public health services. Península, Pacífico-Sur and Pacífico-Centro regions showed the higher prevalence (6.69, 6.43 y 6.36% respectively), males (6.8%) and 10-19 years of age population (6.51%). Falls were the most frequent cause with 57.6% and public roads (39.5%) and the home (29%) the main places of occurrence. Conclusions. Non-fatal unintentional injuries continue to affect men and the young population in a differentiated way, and the consequences of falls and traffic injuries being important causes in the demand for health services and disability.

Objective. To characterize the state of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in the adolescent (10-19) and adult (20-49) population. Materials and methods. Using the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022, we estimated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for SRH indicators. Results. Regarding adolescents, 73.2% have heard of contraceptives, 88.1% know that the condom is used only once and 60.4% that it prevents pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Also, 22.8% have initiated sexual life and 73.2% used a condom in the first intercourse. Regarding adult population, 42.7 and 38.0% did not use contraception in the first and last sexual relationship and 53.4 and 40.7% used a condom in the first and last sexual relationship. We found differences in maternal health care between adolescents and adults. Conclusion. Having updated information on SRH allows us to focus attention on people's needs.

Objective. To know the prevalence of access to prenatal and child health care. Materials and methods. We estimated the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of access to prenatal care for mothers of children younger than two years and to health care for children younger than 5 years old. Results. 62.6, 82.8, and 95.8% of mothers of children younger than two years reported timely and adequate prenatal care, and birth attended from medical staff, respectively. During pregnancy, 90.2% of mothers received folic acid and 79.5% received iron and other micronutrients. 18.4% of children attended eight well-being consultations and 27.1% of children younger than five years of age had an early childhood development evaluation. Conclusion. Child health care indicators are particularly low, as some prenatal care indicators; both should be strengthened at the national level.

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Objective. Update to 2022 the prevalence of lead poisoning in the children population of 1-4 years in Mexico and describe sources of environmental and paraocupational exposure, and use of lead-glazed ceramics (LGC). Materials and methods. Study in a sample of children who participated in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022). The capillary blood lead levels (BLL) were measured. A questionnaire was applied to inquire about sources of lead exposure. Results. BLL were measured in 1 158 under 1-4 years. The national prevalence of lead poisoning (≥5.0 μg/dl) was 16.8% (95%CI:13.6,20.5). The proportion of households that reported exposure to an exclusive source was 21.2, 17.7 and 7.4% for LGC, environmental and paraocupational exposure respectively. The prevalence of lead poisoning of those exposed to a single source was 21.5%; and this figure increases to 24.2% among those who reported combined exposure to the three types of sources. Conclusion. The national prevalence of lead poisoning remained stable with respect to the same indicator in Ensanut 2018-19. The use of LGC is a relevant source of exposure, but it is not the only one. An important contribution was identified by environmental exposure and to the lesser extent of paraocupational exposure.

Objective. To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the Mexican population, and access to the social food programs from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022). Materials and methods. Descriptive analysis of sociodemographic information and social programs of the 10 465 households of the Ensanut Continua 2022. Results. 96.0% of the population from 6 to 14 years and 50% from 15 to 24 attend school. Predominant educational level in adults over 25 years of age are primary or secondary school (25.0 and 28.7% respectively). 4.9% of homes do not have piped water and 1.2% lacks drainage, 1.7% have dirt floors and 0.8% do not have electricity. 43.5% of households receive some social program. Those with the greatest presence are the Program for the Elderly (80.5%) and the Benito Juárez National Scholarship Program for Well-being (20.5%). Conclusions. This manuscript describes the context of the population sample included in the Ensanut Continua 2022. This allows us to contextualize the different analyses carried out with this information and to see its contribution in the framework of the social determinants of health

Objective. To update the prevalences of child malnutrition and overweight/obesity in children under five years of age in Mexico, at the national level, by age groups and their distribution by sociodemographic variables. Materials and methods. We analyzed information from 1 684 children under five years of age from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 in Mexico (Ensanut 2022). We calculated the prevalences at 95% of CI of stunting, wasting, underweight, overweight, and obesity, adjusted for the study design, and their distribution by sociodemographic variables, such as area (urban or rural) and region of residence. Results. Currently, 4.1% are underweight, 12.8% stunted, and 0.8% are wasted. Overweight/obesity was present in 7.7%. In the South-Pacific and the Peninsula regions, the prevalence of stunting was about 20%. Conclusion. Stunting is the most prevalent undernutrition problem among preschoolers, especially those older than 24 months and in the southern states of Mexico. Chronic undernutrition in Mexico has remained steady for the last 12 years. The Ensanut 2022 contributes to updating information, thus allowing a better focus on the strategies aimed at the most vulnerable areas and groups in Mexico.

Objective. To characterize alcohol consumption patterns (current and heavy episodic drinking) in Mexican adolescents and adults. Materials and methods. We analyzed data from Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022) representative at national and regional level. We estimated the prevalence of current drinking and heavy episodic drinking in the past 12 months, and in the past 30 days. Results. In adolescents, the prevalence of current drinking, heavy episodic drinking in the past 12 months, and in the past 30 days was 20.6, 13.9, and 5.2%. In adults, the prevalence of current drinking, heavy episodic drinking in the past 12 months, and in the past 30 days was 55.5, 40.4, and 19.1%. The prevalence was higher in men than women, with significant differences in adults. In adolescents, the prevalence was higher at older age, socioeconomic level and in those without studies. In adults, the prevalence was higher at younger age, higher socioeconomic level, and education, and in metropolitan areas. Conclusion. These results show the need to strengthen the implementation, monitoring and protection actions offered by SAFER strategy to prevent and reduce the harmful use of alcohol in adolescents and adults.

Objective. To report population level prevalences of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) with respect to age, sex, well-being conditions, type of locality and region of the country. Materials and methods. We analyzed data from adolescents (n = 3 547) from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022) obtained through the CBCAR (cuestionario breve de conductas alimentarias de riesgo), and sociodemographic data. Prevalences and confidence intervals were obtained. Results. The prevalence of DEB is 1.6% (2.0% in women and 1.2% in men), in those between 14 and 19 years it is 2.3%, in urban areas 2.1%, central region 2.9% and third quintile of well-being, 3.1%. Conclusion. These data show the importance of monitoring DEB’s in nationally representative surveys. Unlike the studies carried out in non-probabilistic samples, the Ensanut allows having data that reflect the diversity of the Mexican population.