Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The study of language, specifically semantic development, has considered the lateralisation of one hemisphere since its discovery by neurologists Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke in the 19th century. However, research conducted in the last decade, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), found that language production and comprehension not only involve the left side of the brain but the eloquent areas may also form a large part of the brain mass. This study presents a brief historical account of the neurobiological study of the semantic processes of homo sapiens, with emphasis on the development of changes in the study of semantic processes theory from 2002 onwards. This work considers the latest research completed by the University of Berkeley (Lescroart and Gallant, 2019), which point out the location of semantic maps in the brain, as well as the most recent studies on the construction of figurative meaning in relation to cultural and social processes.

Since mid-19th-century, a wide range of printed music has existed in Latin America, musical scores being the most well-known. Their dominance gave way to other printed forms as 1900 approached, as a proof of the broadening and diversification of audiences, as well as the presence of a sharper music edition scene throughout the subcontinent: loose sheets, albums, magazines, songbooks, and flyers. Our interest lies in knowing the editorial strategies that allowed shortening the seemingly insurmountable distance between string literature and “fine literature”, between the street and the bookshop. We will analyse music prints for wide audiences, crafted by less well-known printing offices and typographic studios in Chile, Argentina, and Mexico. Names such as Juan Bautista Peralta, Andrés Pérez and Antonio Vanegas Arroyo are usually absent from the traditional history of books, and only in recent years have they become interesting for academic research. We will particularly explore songbooks of their making, envisioned as very profitable series or collections with print runs of thousands of copies.

Subscription prospectuses are a major source in the study of the book trade. As seekers of subscribers for projected books, or of buyers for those already published, prospectuses gained a place among the persuasive resources used by printers, booksellers, and lettered people to conceive books and gain readers. The difficult conservation of these ephemerals has, however, prevented their regular use as a research source for the history of books and publishing in Latin America. Therefore, this paper seeks to analyze the use of these leaflets based on a corpus of more than 80 pieces published between 1820 and 1920. We thus seek to identify some of its main characteristics, while suggesting the need to understand them as daily protagonists of the trade and advertising of the book, but also as materials that showed the strategies and intellectual techniques of their producers.

This article examines the historical-biographical conditions that led to the creation of Trilce (1922 [1987]), by César Vallejo, one of the most significant works of Latin America’s early 20th-century avant-garde. The emphasis of the reading suggested here is on the writing conditions of this poetry, which were fundamentally determined by the prison printing press in Lima and the experience of jail in the city of Trujillo. Conclusion: The rhetorical and typographic innovations proposed by Trilce can be understood not only from the traditional reading of the work based on pain, death, orphanhood, and eroticism, but also as a substantive part of the work where writing and typography are directly related to the closed world of prison.

The present work focuses on the temporal organization of narratives written by pupils aged 8-11. In this paper, we analyze 180 texts produced by elementary school children (60 texts from pupils aged 8-9, 60 texts from pupils aged 9-10, 60 texts from pupils aged 10-11) in response to a common writing instruction prompt in which the beginning and end of the text are given. The different temporal movements (chronological succession, backward and forward movements) are cataloged, categorized, and analyzed. The study reveals, on the one hand, that all pupils, regardless of their grade level, integrate temporal movements in their texts. On the other hand, it shows that differences appear according to class level: as class level increases the different movements tend to develop with their own specificity conveying more thickness and coherence to the text. 

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A characterization and analysis of the evolution of teacher training processes in Chile in general, and English teacher training in particular, must take into account the sociopolitical context in which these processes are developed. In this context, it seems to be relevant to consider a thorough characterization of the central agents involved in this teacher training processes: teacher trainers, teacher trainees and the methodological approaches. The purpose of this qualitative study is to analyse the interaction among these agents in the context of the teacher training processes in the historical processes 1965-1973, 1973-1990 and 1990-2020 considering the 1965 educational reform, the military coup of 1973, the effects of Ley General de Universidades of 1980 and the return to democracy in 1990 as central milestones.  The methodological design includes the administration of surveys to a sample of 26 senior academics of universities associated to CRUCH in three geographical areas in the country: the northern zone, the central zone and the southern zone. Results allow us to conclude that there is a high degree of coherence between the discourse of the interviewees and the evolution of the profile of the academics in the periods studied. Despite methodological changes throughout these three periods, the essence of the programs remains unchanged. From the perspective of teacher trainees, there is a clear transition from linguistic to socio-educational motivations. It can be argued that the profile of teacher trainees is more related to the socio-political context than the implementation of methodologies and modifications in the rol of the academic.  

La modernización de la prensa hispanoamericana a partir del último tercio del siglo XIX fue un fenómeno que incluyó, por lo menos en el caso de Chile, la articulación entre nuevos públicos lectores y géneros textuales adecuados a sus heterogéneas necesidades de consumo informativo. Este escenario propició la superación de un modelo periodístico estrictamente doctrinario, centrado en la defensa de los intereses partidistas que cada medio representaba en la arena pública, para ofrecer lecturas centradas en la información, la instrucción y la entretención. En este contexto, se desarrolló una prensa orientada a satisfacer los intereses del mercado lector femenino, destacándose dentro de este campo, la llamada “prensa de moda”. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar uno de los primeros periódicos de modas en la historia de la prensa chilena, la revista La Semana (1874-1877) de Valparaíso, a fin de dar cuenta de las estrategias editoriales adoptadas por este semanario para inventar/ocupar el espacio público de la moda. Se concluye que, pese a instalarse comercialmente en el mercado de la lectura amena y banal, La Semana funcionó también como un dispositivo mediático altamente politizado, que se articuló con las demandas democratizadoras de los emergentes grupos mesocráticos y populares durante las elecciones presidenciales de 1876.

El siglo XIX en América Latina es estudiado como un siglo fundacional en nuestra historia, no solo por el proceso de independencia política inaugurado para la élite criolla en 1810, sino también por ser considerado el momento de la formación de las diversas culturas estatal-nacionales que tienen en esa coyuntura una fase de aceleración en su configuración hegemónica moderna. Somos conscientes, sin embargo, de que el momento está colmado de contradicciones y de potencias transformadoras y también restauradoras, que exigen pensarlo en clave posfundacional, es decir, como un tiempo y un proceso que nunca demandó necesariamente esa hegemonía estatal-nacional, en tanto su curso estuvo siempre en disputa dentro de una serie de circunstancias críticas y acontecimientos donde la contingencia siempre abrió la posibilidad hacia otros caminos