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ISSN: 2310-2799

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546,196 artículos

Año: 2023
ISSN: 2215-2644, 0379-7082
Campos-Rudin, Manuel Enrique
Universidad de Costa Rica
Continuing education must be visualized as a flexible model, as well as dynamic and adaptable to the population requirements where it is considered necessary to operate. As the main objective, this paper seeks to present how to design and propose a quantum operation strategy that enhances continuing education projects that help to eliminate the educational gap generated by the COVID-19 pandemic.  Regarding the methodology, framed in the qualitative paradigm, the researcher carried out a multiple case study by selecting two continuing education projects from the University of Costa Rica. In addition, the investigator used the triangulation of information through a methodological process. For the above, a matrix of variables was created where the management of both programs was compared under a Likert scale and thus obtain the inputs to generate a quantum management model. Hence, the researcher analyzed the performance and type of leadership carried out for more than ten years; likewise, a process flow of ten stages required to implement sustainable continuing education projects from a base of zero experiences was elaborated. In conclusion, the implementation of this flow of processes to improve continued education projects can bring knowledge, through alternative channels to the formal or academic, to the populations affected at an educational level by the pandemic. Finally, it is recommended to dynamically implement these projects at a national scale through the creation of virtual and presence courses that improve the empowerment of the actors, both professors and students.
Año: 2023
ISSN: 2215-2644, 0379-7082
Carvajal Oses, Milagro; Valerio-Carranza, Enyell; Moreira-Segura, Christian; Herrera-Ulloa, Ángel
Universidad de Costa Rica
Actions in coastal environmental education are scarce. Worldwide, numerous communities surrounding mangroves live in poverty. Costa Rica does not represent an exception to the above due to poor management and little empowerment of the communities towards natural resources. Thus, this article aims to demonstrate, from an educational model based on competencies, the first construction phases of a non-formal educational process in environmental matters developed in the coastal community of Chacarita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The researchers contextualized this educational project; therefore, they collected biological results of mollusks of commercial interest and mangroves for a year. Moreover, they carried out bird and mammal sightings and collected information on fishing in the area. Finally, they applied a survey to evaluate the knowledge and dispositions of the community. The results allowed the construction of educational materials and the development of skills. In addition, they showed that people from Chacarita are willing to receive environmental education as well as participate in activities such as cleaning and reforestation. 
Año: 2023
ISSN: 2215-2644, 0379-7082
Fuentes, Sebastián; Estrada, Belén
Universidad de Costa Rica
The scientific literature on school feeding allows to rethink food education strategies at school, food provision policies, and programs. The authors carried out the literature review in order to comprehend the limits and scope of school food education and provision in a context where malnutrition represents one of the major problems of the infant-juvenile population in the region. Moreover, a bibliographic survey between 2020-2021 about school feeding in Latin America, published from 2005 to 2021, corresponds to the basis of this article. Thus, the authors identified that school feeding/food education programs seek to modify nutritionist behaviors based on an implicit mechanistic pedagogy that assumes automatic changes from the accumulation of information, in a fragmented curriculum or in specific initiatives such as workshops that parallelize the prescribed curriculum. In addition, the investigators discovered gaps not yet systematically addressed in this article, such as the inclusion of food education in initial teacher training, the articulation of education and food provision with collective food production strategies, as well as the deepening of the gender perspective to understand differentiated learning in the school space. Finally, the surveyed research shows the significance of generating mediations for the development of food-nutritional programs in schools, the implementation at the level of educational management, and the school relationship with families. 
Año: 2023
ISSN: 2215-2644, 0379-7082
Charpentier Jiménez, William
Universidad de Costa Rica
This article examines students’ perceptions of dictionary use and training in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The needs of English as a foreign language students in terms of specific dictionary types have received little attention. This research was conducted with 48 English as a foreign language students at a public university in Costa Rica over a year. The researcher used a survey (Appendix 1) to collect students’ opinions about the role of the dictionary in their major. Data indicates that: 1) not all dictionary types are known and used by students, 2) students favor the electronic dictionary over the paper dictionary, and 3) dictionary instruction is weak despite its perceived importance by learners. These conclusions are consistent with the literature surveyed. Furthermore, students’ opinions suggest that dictionary instruction and exposure have not been adequately approached in the language educational program. These results should advance new educational policies that promote the systematic and progressive inclusion of dictionary instruction across the study plan.  
Año: 2023
ISSN: 2215-2644, 0379-7082
Jaime Romero, Berenice; Chávez Arellano, María Eugenia; Castillejos López, Willelmira
Universidad de Costa Rica
This article aims to describe the state of the art of the 4MAT System in the 2010 - 2021 period, highlighting scientific productivity related to learning English as a foreign language. The research involved the use of a mixed approach. Moreover, the authors not only applied grounded theory and content analysis methods but also techniques such as word frequency, word coding, cluster analysis, and review matrix with the support of NVivo software. Regarding the results, they revealed that the research trends around the 4MAT System focus on scientific areas and that academic productivity concerning English language learning is incipient. It is concluded that it exists a grain in the 4MAT System study and its contribution to English learning in high school. The above answers to the lack of products in this field and the influence of this system on the learning, motivation, and performance of the students. 
Año: 2023
ISSN: 2215-2644, 0379-7082
Ocampo Hernandez, Stefany
Universidad de Costa Rica
This paper reports on the experience of accompaniment for the design and construction of concept maps (MC) through an introductory workshop, in which 14 students from different academic faculties of the Castro Carazo University, Costa Rica, participated. According to the authors Novak and Gowin (1984), the MC correspond to graphic and explicit representations of people's knowledge, manifested in the concepts and propositions of each individual. Thus, this investigation sought to analyze and document the learning process of the new student body that forms the community of "maperos" of the university. Therefore, the researcher went through the accompaniment given in the workshops, which allowed to identify the correct elaboration of the MC through exercises focused on learning. These workshops form part of a strategy for permanent training focused on MC as tools that facilitate learning, self-regulation, and autonomy. As for the method chosen to analyze the experiences of the new "maperos" during their appropriation process of the technology and understanding of the MC theory, the researcher used the ethnographic one. This method allows for documenting the transformation (learning curve) of the population of apprentices in the construction of the MC when going through an experience centered on the individual, with dynamic practices that go from the concrete to the most complex. Regarding the instruments to collect data at the beginning of each workshop, they corresponded to the following: a) textual evidence (visual ethnography) through a word cloud with the digital tool Poll Everywhere; b) an online questionnaire entitled Final Assessment Introductory Workshop MC through the Google Forms tool that included open and closed questions; and, c) observation log of the virtual meetings recorded by Microsoft Teams. Among the main findings of the study are the accompaniment strategies, which not only promote collaborative learning and the negotiation of meanings, but also facilitate scaffolding supported by interactive digital tools, glimpsed as some of the best strategies for learning to think about MCs. Secondly, learning for these new "mappers" appears as a permanent process; in addition, it is palpable that this introductory experience allows them to value MC as tools to develop higher-order thinking skills. Finally, the Maperos Castro Carazo community expands and strengthens each year through a permanent learning strategy that can serve as an example and good practice for other higher education institutions that are seeking the integration of MC in their training processes. Finally, the article shares a successful learning experience that can serve as a model to be implemented in other contexts. 
Año: 2023
ISSN: 2215-2644, 0379-7082
Heffington, Deon Victoria; Cabañas Victoria, Vladimir Veniamin; Dzay Chulim, Floricely; Negrete Cetina, Magnolia
Universidad de Costa Rica
The importance of developing Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in the XXI century has become highly relevant around the world (Benjamin, 2008; Dwyer et al. 2014; Ku, 2009; Preus, 2012; Rosefsky-Saavedra y Opfer, 2012). The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] (2018) highlights the importance of preparing students to become capable of performing in the global world. In Mexico, the educational standards also emphasize the importance of developing critical thinking skills and problem solving (Secretaría de Educación Pública [SEP] (2020). However, one of the main problems constitutes the ambiguity in the construct of HOTS (Cuban, 1984; Lewis y Smith, 1993; Newmann, 1987; 1990; Stanley, 1998). Moreover, it exists a lack of research on HOTS in Mexico (Díaz-Barriga, 2001), especially in terms of teacher and student perceptions, the activities used by teachers in classrooms to develop HOTS, and the factors that can influence the development of HOTS. Therefore, the main goal of this mixed methods study was to explore teacher perceptions regarding HOTS and the techniques used to develop HOTS in public elementary classrooms in southeastern Mexico through a sequential mixed design (Creswell & Clark, 2018). Moreover, the researchers analyzed the numerical data and nominal data by using a survey. While the quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics, the qualitative one was based on principles of the Constant Comparative Method (Merriam y Tisdell, 2016). In both cases, the software MAXQDA PRO, 15.0 was used for computations. In terms of the findings of the investigation, they provide insight into the perceptions of teachers regarding the definition of HOTS, techniques for teaching HOTS in public elementary schools, as well as how HOTS can be assessed.  
Año: 2023
ISSN: 2244-7296, 1316-6212
Monasterios, María Andreina
Coordinación de Promoción y Difusión de la Investigación - UPEL-IPB, Barquisimeto, Edo. Lara - Venezuela
La voluntad es clave para comprender la acción moral. Por ello, conviene examinarla a la luz de la Fundamentación de la metafísica de las costumbres de Kant y La voluntad de poder de Nietzsche. Estas reflexiones presentarán las generalidades del formalismo ético kantiano; contrario al proyecto amoral de Nietzsche, cuyas aspiraciones ponderan el lado natural de los valores. Segundo, mostrará cómo Kant privilegia el uso moral de la razón, determinante de la buena voluntad; a diferencia de Nietzsche, quien sostiene que la razón es un impulso en lucha. Por último, referirá la noción kantiana sobre la voluntad autónoma, facultad de elegir aquello necesario, bueno y conforme al “deber ser”; contrariamente, Nietzsche expresa la voluntad de poder como impulso vital y libre que invita al sujeto a responsabilizarse de su propia ley y transformarla en destino propio. Enfrentar estas posiciones invita al lector a conciliarlas en algún punto.
Año: 2023
ISSN: 1989-7103
Puente-Castelo, Luis
Universitat Jaume I de Castelló
És un fet àmpliament reconegut que un dels principals factors que contribueixen al perfil retòric de la prosa científica és assolir la millor recepció possible del que un escriu dins de la comunitat científica. Els autors no només han de negociar el significat, sinó també persuadir els seus lectors (Allen, Qin i Lancaster, 1994; Atkinson 1996, 1999; Bazerman, 1988; Hyland, 1998, 2000). Això és potser més notable quan la posició dins de la comunitat científica és desfavorable, com és el cas de les dones científiques durant el període anglès modern tardà. (Crespo, 2012; Schiebinger, 1989, 2003). Els condicionals presenten una sèrie de funcions de caràcter interpersonal, i aquests són utilitzats per negociar el significat o per aconseguir una millor resposta del lector. Tant si es fan servir per enunciar supòsits compartits, per reduir l'abast o mitigar la força d'una afirmació, per mostrar humilitat dubtant retòricament de la pròpia formulació o subratllant la pròpia incertesa, o per expressar directament cortesia, els condicionals poden caracteritzar-se com a “recurs[os] retòric[s] per aconseguir l'acceptació de les pròpies afirmacions” (Warchal, 2010, p. 141). L'objectiu d'aquest article és analitzar l'ús dels condicionals com a recursos interpersonals i de negociació a l'obra de les científiques dels segles XVIII i XIX. Per això, es buscaran marcadors condicionals als textos escrits per dones inclosos al Coruña Corpus of English Scientific Writing (Moskowich, 2011), i els resultats s'analitzaran des d'un punt de vista funcional, destacant les formes particulars en què les científiques van utilitzar aquests dispositius a través de les disciplines i aquest període.
Año: 2023
ISSN: 1989-7103
Sánchez Cuervo, Margarita Esther
Universitat Jaume I de Castelló
Aquest estudi s'ocupa d'analitzar el nombre de marcadors de relacions contrastives en un corpus de receptes anomenat Corpus of Women's Instructive Texts in English, 19th century sub-corpus (COWITE19). Les relacions d'oposició, també conegudes com a adversatives o contrastives, solen identificar-se amb marcadors com ara “but”, “although”, i “however”. Des d'un punt de vista semàntic, es pot parlar de la classificació que s'estableix entre contrast, concessió i correcció, basada alhora en l'evidència lingüística, les diferències lèxiques i el comportament sintàctic (Izutsu, 2008). L'antítesi, presentada com a recurs de naturalesa verbal, analítica i persuasiva, afegeix una funció retòrica addicional (Fahnestock, 1999). L'anàlisi d'aquests marcadors s'ha realitzat seguint una metodologia d'anàlisi de corpus computat i pretén descobrir quins marcadors contrastius feien servir més les dones per a l'elaboració de les receptes. També mostra quina relació doposició és la predominant, ja sigui contrastiva, concessiva o correctiva. Finalment detecta l'antítesi com un altre significat d'oposició. En tots els casos, se subratlla el possible paper argumentatiu d'aquests marcadors com un pas més en la caracterització de l'escriptura científica de dones.

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