Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To examine the problems and challenges faced by these small-scale producers, after the insertion and boom of the mango chain in international markets, and on the other, the strategies they have developed to dynamically integrate with activity. Methodology: A retrospective longitudinal analysis of integration was carried out, using own information, obtained in the field through interviews with key informants (n=18) and an applied survey (n=132), between the 2020 and 2021 seasons, whose size of sample was obtained through the formula for qualitative variables with finite population. Results: It is found that as the activity has positioned itself in the Isthmus- Coast region, the production processes have become increasingly rigorous and standardized to comply with the set of national and international norms and standards that regulate the activity, and compliance with which is decisive to be able to participate and compete in these markets. Limitations: This study is focused on the role of small-scale producers, however, the dynamics, problems and challenges present in larger-scale producers could be analyzed in later studies. Conclusions: Despite their status as subordinates’ units, these small producers are relevant actors with the capacity for agency and organization, who know how to build networks and alliances, from which they fight, negotiate, and create mechanisms that allow them to face these challenges, and even take advantage of opportunities offer the hard and complex global agro-export system.

Objective: To identify potential mango products, as an alternative to take advantage of mango production that is not commercialized in the southern zone of Sinaloa. Methodology: Tow stages were implemented: (1) Generation of product alternatives. (2) Selection of a product. Results: In Stage 1, filled cookie, ate and bar were identified for their ease of purchase, functional content, and natural ingredients, with bar being the product with the greatest potential for success. In Stage 2, bars in amaranth, mixed nuts and chocolate and mixed cereal and yogurt presentations were the most preferred. Limitations: May be the identification of attributes through surveys can be subjective, so sensory testing with consumers is recommended. Conclusions: The three potential products and their attributes identified were: (1) mixed nuts and chocolate bar was preferred because of its energy contribution, ease of purchase and natural ingredients; (2) amaranth bar was preferred because of its protein, carbohydrates, fiber, natural ingredients, and price; and (3) mixed nuts and chocolate bar was preferred because of its protein, carbohydrates, fiber, natural ingredients, and price. Finally, (3) Cereal mix bar with yogurt was preferred for its meal replacement, fiber content and contribution to health.

Objective: The objective is to know the qualities of vegetable producers who sell in agroecological street markets in San Andrés Cholula and Puebla. Methodology: Producers were censused and surveyed. Results: 16 producers were interviewed, basically young-adults, landowners where they have been applying various agroecological practices for the last seven years. Family work and female participation were highlighted, in addition to the fact that 87% achieved food self-sufficiency. The producers perceived the environmental situation of their localities as good-regular. They have been promoting agroecological production for personal and public health; the greatest satisfaction is the recognition of the quality of their products. Most of them studied university degrees and inherited agriculture by tradition. Limitations: The study relied on truthful information declared by the producers. Conclusions: These producers are developing favorably in the different agroecological dimensions.

Objective: To analyze the ways in which hunger appears in the narratives of women referring to soup kitchens in the city of Córdoba in times of pandemic. Methodology: Mixed approach. Quantitative phase: design and implementation of a survey on quality of life in the city of Córdoba. Sample: 680 households and 2,323 people. Multistage sample design. Qualitative phase: 10 in-depth interviews, group (8) and individual (2), purposive sampling based on surveyed neighborhoods. Results: Quantitative phase: the pandemic affected the diet of the entire population, with deeper effects in socio-segregated sectors. Qualitative phase: the problem of hunger is presented from four dimensions: 1) a past that is updated: We relive 2001, 2) the marks of hunger on the body, 3) a moral imperative to do something, 4) the outcome of food care. Limitations: The survey did not evaluate the habitual consumption of foods, nor the replacements within the same group. Conclusions: A menu based on wings, bread, rice and noodles gives materiality to the complex relationships between science, politics and subjectivities. This food repertoire moves away from the discursive on the part of science and state policy but leaves a mark on the subjectivities of those who care and are cared for.

Objective: Determine the participation of women producers and identify their challenges and opportunities in the totopo value chain in Santa María Xadani and clayuda in San Antonio de la Cal, Oaxaca, from a gender perspective. Methodology: A mixed method was used. A questionnaire was administered to 136 producers using the face-to-face technique and participant observation. The data were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis, K-means and costing of revenue and profit. Results: Findings reveal opportunities such as governmental support and value addition. Supply, market, socio-cultural, access to information and financing challenges influence the profitability of the segments and lock their activities into subsistence businesses. Limitations: Restrictions on field work due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Questions in Zapotec language were set up. Conclusions: The challenges encountered limit entrepreneurship and displace women from the most profitable links in the totopo and clayuda value chain. Finally, women's participation in agrifood systems contributes to rural development, inclusion, equity, and sustainability.

Objective: Configuration of the biocultural tourism region through the social actors and their capacity for agency, in order to describe the relationship between public policies and everyday thinking expressed under the concept of biocultural heritage in the Sierra Sur-Costa region of the state of Oaxaca. Methodology: The research is qualitative, resorting to a case study, with an exploratory-descriptive scope in order to explain the weft of meanings, interactions and values inscribed in the biocultural heritage that allows social actors to develop tourism activity. Results: The construction of the concept of biocultural tourism region, which is configured from a network of local actors that articulate the activity to diversify their products or services; as well as tourism committees and municipal authorities that apply public policies. Limitations: The implications of tourism in relation to the SDGs have yet to be explored in greater depth. Conclusions: With the intensification of public policies on tourism, territories are transformed in the ways of mobilizing biocultural heritage, resulting in a change in its material and symbolic dimension that allows the construction of a biocultural tourism region that is positioned in a dynamic of massive glocal marketing, driven by public policies and the commodification of the culture of marginalized areas.

Objective: To analyze the components that determine the egg market, identifying the main determining variables of supply, demand, and price transmissions. Methodology: A model of simultaneous equations was formulated with information from the period 1975- 2020. The estimation was carried out using two-stage least square method, with SYSLIN procedure of the SAS (Statistical Analysis System, v.9.4.) computer package. The main economic and technological variables that affect the functions of the model were accounted. Results: The econometric model that represents the egg market is composed of five functional relationships and one identity function. There is an inelastic supply (0.15) to changes in the producer price and an inelastic demand (-0.54) to the consumer price. The producer price for pork was a weak competitor for egg production (-0.25). The consumer price of pork is a strong complement (-1.16) and that of beef is a close substitute (1.12), both quantities demanded. Limitations: The period of analysis of the egg market in Mexico. Conclusions: The variables that determine the egg supply in Mexico are the real producer prices of egg, pork, balance feed, and technology or feed conversion. The egg demand in Mexico is determined primarily by the real consumer prices of eggs, pork, beef, and the real national disposable income per capita.

Objective: This work postulates that the human right to food has been doubly threatened, both by the expansion of the industrialized food model and by emergency food assistance mechanisms. Methodology: From a complexity approach, an attempt is made to make a theoretical contribution to the development of the concept of food adequacy as an element of the human right to adequate food. Results: The effective realization of the human right to adequate food in all its complexity and levels calls for comprehensive and long-term policies aimed at reviewing both the industrializing dynamics of the food trade and the short-term dynamics of food assistance. Limitations: The study focuses on the political mechanisms for the realization of the human right to food in Argentina. Conclusions: The necessary transition in this review involves the recovery of local agri-food systems based on both socially and ecologically responsible food.

Objective: To study absolute convergence for the Mexican states during 1980-2020. Methodology: Panel data models are used with the technique used by Barro (2012). Results: Very low presence of absolute convergence throughout the period with sigma procyclical divergence. Limitations: The data is deflated with the national price index, which may cause regional differences not to be captured. Conclusions: Periods of growth in the economy amplify the dispersion of income levels, while periods of contraction have the opposite effect with marked, very unequal regional growth patterns that have led to the consolidation of the northern and central-northern borders and the stagnation of the south.

This article expands the results of previous research exploring the role of social structure in the volume of infections, in both space and time. The study uses bi-weekly, municipal information over a twelve-month period in Mexico. The analysis is conducted in two phases, the first of which is based on a cross sectional hierarchical model. The second uses Bayesian methods to model the geographical proximity of municipalities to explain the spread of Covid-19. The results suggest that the spatial distribution of Covid-19 infections can be explained by the population’s geographical distribution across municipalities, social interactions, and poverty and inequality levels, rather than the intensity of the pandemic.