Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper discusses two apparent limitations repeatedly highlighted in Durkheim’s work: the omission of the issue of power and the consideration of emotions as a residual category in his explanation of the social world. In response to this, it is argued that the emotional dimension, despite not being systematically explored by this author, is an integral part of his perspective, constituting means of accessing his vision of power. Our analysis, focusing on passages from The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, uses concepts from the sociology of emotions to highlight the scope and limits of the Durkheimian perspective, taking the notions of moral authority and collective effervescence as reference.

This article seeks to examine the theoretical scope of the concept of “vulnerability” to understand migration as a cyclical process, with interdependent stages during which migratory flows arise from the particular nature of development. In this approach, interdependence is expressed when there is a reiteration of obstacles to social reproduction throughout the migratory journey. To this end, the author presents analytical axes with dimensions and indicators that attempt to encompass the complexity of migration, used here to evaluate the case of Mexican binationals. The concept of Transnational Dispersion of Vulnerability is framed as a proposal that addresses previous theoretical analyses of migration and development and enhances the dialogue between them.

The laboral segregation concept analyzes the conditions in which women are involved in the world of work. Based on the feminist theory related with horizontal and vertical segregation, it was analyzed data in the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Survey. As result, it was found horizontal segregation from feminized and masculinized branches, and vertical segregation due to major participation level of professional men in management and direction positions, and from professional women in administrative support level, which reveals the complex situation that women face in the Ecuadorian laboral market and that it has been impacted significantly by the COVID-19 crisis.

This article analyzes participant observation from the experience of the author as migrant farmworker in the study of labor migration regulated by H2A visas to the United States by Purhepecha farmworkers from the state of Michoacán, Mexico. Participant observation permitted the documentation of the recruitment, hiring, issuing of H2A visas, and  working conditions Purhepechas experience in fields in the United States and the way they construct social relationships in labor mediation through the creation  of trust and mutual loyalty between workers and intermediaries, as well as the mediation mechanisms, power relations, subordination and resistance that occur.

Social gender inequality is developed throughout the individual’s life cycle. The convergence of three factors contributes to this phenomenon; a) a subtle priority for economic investment by families in male children; b) the less significant return to human capital for women; c) marital endogamy mediated by social origin. It was seen that the poor Brazilian woman is triply penalized in this context, because besides obtaining the lowest return to human capital among all social groups, and for their lack of origin of resources, their possibility of mobility via marital union is diminished by the pattern of endogamy by social class existing in Brazil.

Starting in the 1990s, tourism became a strategic sector of the Cuban economy, however, over the years, limitations due mainly to the economic policy of the United States towards Cuba have prevented its full development. Together with this, the paralysis of tourism in the world  due to the effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, causes a situation of uncertainty and instability in the numbers of international tourist arrivals in the country, which is why the study of your behavior. In this sense, the objective is to design a methodology that integrates the forecast of tourist demand with prospective scenarios to help improve decision-making in the tourism sector in Cuba. The designed methodology, based on theoretical and statistical methods, can be applied to situations that require forecasting demand in different scenarios through the time series.

The planning of the maintenance process for physical assets has a great connotation due to the need to increase the use of installed productive capacities. The objective of this research was to analyze the calculation of the time fund and its relationship with the maintenance coefficient, as elements to be defined from the planning of the maintenance process to the assets, which contributes to the improvement of the effective capacity and continuity of operations of the means of work. The result provided a proposal for the practical application of the value of the maintenance coefficient, which was incorporated into the calculation of the process capabilities. The results were obtained from the application of techniques and tools proposed for the collection and processing of primary data such as: direct observation, interview, document analysis and others.

Microplastics are an increasing threat to marine fauna and oceanic habitats, potentially affecting sea turtle nesting beaches. Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are a Critically Endangered species with decreasing population trends. There are several hawksbill rookeries in the southern Caribbean Sea, particularly on Los Garzos Beach, the main nesting site of continental Venezuela. A preliminary physical analysis of microplastics sampled from 10 sites on Los Garzos Beach reported high numbers (94 ± 2.5 items) of 14 different materials and colors. Microplastic counts at 10 sites averaged 1504 ± 405.61 items m-2, higher than other sea turtle nesting sites worldwide. There were no statistical differences in the concentration of microplastics at the sampled sites of Los Garzos Beach. However, the concentration of microplastics on this beach is higher at the midpoint of the falling tide (3520 ± 405.61 items m-2) and the top of the sea turtle nesting area (3840 ± 405.61 items m-2). We speculate that this debris could harm the nesting environment of hawksbill sea turtles in the region. While this study presents preliminary values for microplastics in an important hawksbill turtle nesting beach in Venezuela, it also serves as a baseline for long-term studies that can help determine the impact and sources of plastic pollution in sea turtle rookeries.

Aquaculture combines techniques for breeding and harvesting aquatic organisms used in shrimp production. It is important as a source of income and for generating foreign exchange in the regions where it is practiced. However, the timely detection of diseases continues to be a great challenge for aquaculture and fisheries production. In recent years, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) has emerged as a major pathogen of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei in many Asian countries (Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, and Korea). In Latin America, only in Venezuela, and to date, there is no report of its presence in Mexico. It is transmitted directly from shrimp to shrimp by oral or fecal means, cannibalism, or exposure to contaminated water. Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) is mainly associated with stunted growth and severe infections that can cause a poor production cycle, mortality, and problems in larva-producing laboratories. This review aims to overview the main microsporidian parasites and diseases found in white shrimp, including the clinical signs, control and prevention measures for EHP infection, and the detection of HPM using different techniques. In order to offer timely detection tools, different techniques are available for the detection and study of microsporidia. Such as optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and histology; however, for diagnostic purposes, molecular methods are preferred due to their sensitivity, specificity, and short-time analysis. Our review suggests that constant monitoring in shrimp hatcheries and farms is essential to avoid the entry or transference of infected organisms, affecting shrimp production and the ideal development of healthy shrimp.

Iphigenia brasiliensis is a bivalve mollusk exploited as a shellfish and subsistence resource on the Brazilian coast, mainly in the north and northeast regions. Genetic (allozyme electrophoresis revealed eight gene loci) and morphological variations (multivariate morphometry of valves used 13 linear measurements of traditional and 19 Fourier coefficients of geometric morphometry) were studied, considering the geographic (445 km of the southwest tropical Atlantic), environmental (mangroves and channels of communication with the sea of three estuaries in the state of Rio de Janeiro), and temporal dimensions (over two years). I. brasiliensis showed high levels of genetic variation (the average number of alleles per locus ranged from 2.8 to 3.4, and the average heterozygosity ranged from 0.441 to 0.675). Bayesian analysis of population partitioning showed that the highest LnP(D) value was achieved for K = 3. These results indicated mixed ancestry, possibly oscillations in the dispersion dynamics among the different sampling groups, and temporal oscillations in the population sizes due to the anthropogenic influence on the studied estuaries. The results of morphological variation, inferred by the PERMANOVA from the Fourier analysis, indicated that a similar influence might occur in valves (also, the discriminant analysis showed that different groups could be consistently identified). In this sense, the studied populations may be organized in a dynamic of metapopulations. Finally, these are the first data on morphological and genetic variation of the species in the latitudinal, environmental, and temporal dimensions studied simultaneously, thus providing relevant information for the exploration, management, and conservation of this commercially important species.