Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective:  To analyze the differences in the polymorphisms of the ACE and ACTN3 genes on agility test performance in elite players of collective sports from National teams of Costa Rica. Methods: a sample of 33 male team sports players (futsal, rugby, volleyball, and handball). All subjects were tested with the Illinois Agility Test. Two days of measurements were made; on the first day, cell samples were obtained and on the second day, the agility test was applied. The Chi-square test (x2) was used to determine the differences between the frequencies of the polymorphisms of the ACE and ACTN3 genes and the type of sport. Results: The highest distribution of polymorphisms of the ECA gene of players from national teams of collective sports was found in the ACE ID (X2 = 6.87, p = .334), and in ACTN3 the RX (X2 = 6.33, p =. 388). Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between the Illinois test performance and the polymorphisms of the ECA gene (F = 2,150, p = .134). Conclusions: The ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms were not statistically related to the type of team sport. Agility is not associated with the type of polymorphism, which indicates that regardless of the gene, this physical quality can be trained and generate good results in the general population.

Introducción: Algunos estudios permiten identificar que el cáncer de mama tiene orígenes multicausales y dentro de ellos se encuentran los trastornos derivados asociados a la grasa corporal, el objetivo fue identificar el nivel de sobrepeso u obesidad a través de índices de adiposidad en mujeres con cáncer de mama del departamento del Cauca. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo correlacional, con 126 mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama. Las medidas para el análisis de la grasa corporal fueron el índice de conicidad, adiposidad, volumen abdominal y la ecuación CUN BAE, IMC, perímetros de cintura y cadera, se procesó en SPSS, obteniendo medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, como el estadístico de Pearson con una significancia p < 0,05, y la curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic), para determinar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de las pruebas de adiposidad, atendiendo los aspectos éticos y legales. Resultados: el 31,78 %, de las evaluadas presentaron cáncer tipo IIb, invasivo en ganglios axilares, con una edad de la menarquia de 13,50±2,33 años. Se observó un promedio de sobrepeso según el IMC de 26,91±4,87 Kg/m2, respecto al perímetro de cintura (46.02 %) y el ICC (58.72 %) no manifestaron riesgo en estas variables; se identificaron correlaciones positivas muy altas entre el perímetro de cintura y los índices de adiposidad (R=0,992), índice de conicidad (R=0,858) y el ICC (R=0,845). Conclusiones: se pudo establecer que un alto porcentaje de mujeres con cáncer de mama presentó sobrepeso, identificando situaciones de riesgo asociadas con la grasa acumulada alrededor de la cintura, que se relaciona con otros índices de adiposidad, la herramienta identificada como útil correspondió al índice de conicidad con significancia estadística.

Introduction: Exercise programs in aquatic environments guarantee a motivating and fun environment in which people with intellectual disabilities can carry out sports or recreational activities in an accessible way, which has a positive effect on their physical condition. Purpose: The objective of the systematic review was to know the effects of aquatic exercise on physical fitness in people with intellectual disabilities. Methodology: To achieve the purpose of the study, a literature search was conducted in the Sport Discus, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed databases, whose publications cover from 2009 to 2018. As selection criteria, these publications had to specify the type of exercise, the components of a load of training, the type of disability presented by the study subjects, and the duration of the intervention that should be greater than four weeks. Results: Only five studies met the selection criteria. The studies in which they applied swimming interruption and combined exercise showed that components of physical fitness important for health were improved, as well as the development of activities of daily living. It was concluded that studies with greater methodological rigor are required to clarify the effect of exercise in aquatic environments on the components of physical fitness in people with intellectual disabilities.

This study aimed to compare the mechanical and functional muscle performance of three different competitive soccer teams of the Costa Rica professional league (U17, Pro A, and Pro B). Age 20.09 ± 4.32 years old, weight body mass 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, height 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; body fat percentage 13.9 ± 5.06 %; lean body mass 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; lean body mass right lower limb 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; lean body mass left lower limb 10.09 ± 0.92 kg. The variables assessed were muscle time of contraction, muscle radial displacement, delay time, squat jump, and countermovement jump. The devices used were dual ray absorptiometry, tensiomyography, and jump platform. There were differences in weight, body mass, and body fat % (Pro A< U17<Pro B). There was a difference in group squat jump performance (Pro A> U17). There were no significant differences in muscle time of contraction, delay time, or radial deformation. The knowledge of differences in both muscle functional and mechanical performance could lead to new training and recovery methods and protocols considering the player’s professional levels.

Introduction: One of the factors that conditions body weight is the perception of body image. In university students, eating fast food can generate disorders in the self-perception of body image, such as underestimation or overestimation of nutritional status, leading to disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and suicide attempts. Objective: To compare the self-perception of body image, body dissatisfaction, body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat between women and men from the Chilean Adventist University. Material and methods: A comparative descriptive study of cross-sectional design applied to 150 regular students of the Adventist University of Chile, Chillán (UnACh). Anthropometric evaluations (BMI and skinfolds), application of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and the Montero Anatomical Model Test (MAM) were performed. Results: Among the main findings, there were differences between men and women both in the BSQ and in the fat percentage, but not in the MAM and in the BMI, where no significant differences were found. Conclusions: The women evaluated have higher body dissatisfaction and fat percentage than university men; however, both men and women have body self-perception that adjusts to their BMI, with no significant differences between the sexes.

Introduction: The use of incremental exercise tests (IET) to evaluate the individual’s acute responses is an essential tool in Physical Activity Science. Objective: This paper aims to analyze the behavior between biochemical and physiological variables as aerobic-anaerobic transition indicators during two incremental exercise tests, which measure the maximum oxygen uptake in healthy subjects. Methodology: The sample consisted of two individuals, who were thirty-three and twenty-five years old, respectively. During the execution of the tests, the following materials and tools were used: a portable glucometer, a portable lactometer, reactive tapes, a treadmill, a stationary Cycle Ergometer Monark®, a heart rate monitor Polar®, a gas analyzer, software Breeze®, a computer, tools for recording data, and a pencil. Results:  the high inverse correlation between the Glycemic index and VO2 (r: -0,853) and the Glycemic and CO2 (r: -0,851) are notable. Moreover, the detection of thresholds for each subject through blood lactate invasive and non-invasive methods, such as heart rate (HR), is also shown. Conclusion: A clear explanation of Respiratory Quotient (RQ) behavior is given during the Cycle-ergometer test, concluding that this type of protocol is safe for the group under study and that the validity of the results is in accordance with theoretical expectations.

Objective: When two independent groups of expert judges study content validity, a formal test of the differences between their judgments is required, since different content validity judgments can be obtained. But generally, content validity research does not examine this likely source of discrepancies. This report describes the implementation of a method to evaluate the difference in Aiken's V coefficients applied to research work in sports science. Methodology: The procedure applies an adaptation to construct the confidence interval of the difference between Aiken’s V coefficients and also implements a standardized estimator of the size of the difference between the V coefficients, specifically the arcsine transformation of V coefficients. Results: In a secondary data analysis framework, two examples are developed, extracting data from both publications, and the difference between the impressionist-based conclusion and the empirical-based conclusion and formal evaluation is demonstrated. Statistical differences not previously observed were detected. Conclusions and implications: The method to estimate differences in Aiken’s content validity coefficients for research allows an advance in the methodology to validate measurement instruments. The applicability of this procedure in the context of sports sciences and education sciences, as well as in the research design involved, is assessed.

In this article I discuss, through a heuristic comparative analysis and from a perspective situated in the socio-critical paradigm and critical pedagogy, the recently published Pedagogical and Disciplinary Standards for Music Pedagogy Careers. For this, I explain the construct of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) on which the standards are based, and then analyze the documents. In the review, the concept of teacher researcher emerges, for which I develop the epistemological and methodological foundations to support it. After the analysis, I evidenced a series of weaknesses and inconsistencies, both in the interpretation and operationalization of the PCK. I also note that the Standards fail to consistently base the formative sense and inclusion of the Music Education discipline in the current curriculum. Finally, I reflect on the paradox of relating standardization policies to significant educational improvements in a context dominated by neoliberalism. This with the purpose of critically and deeply understanding the recently published documents and at the same time giving new perspectives to improve pre-service teacher education.

As part of a broader investigation, the results of a study that aimed to know the position of directors of university careers of initial teacher training in Chile regarding the inclusion of urban popular music in the training of teachers of the specialty are presented. Through semi-structured interviews, the discourse of seven directors and career directors is analyzed from the perspective of the two categories generated: Inclusion and exclusion of these types of music. The results reflect tensions between positions close to the "Jesuit" and "conservatory" educational models as well as the "formalist aesthetic paradigm" with positions linked to the praxial philosophical approach. The need then arises to continue deepening the reflection on the inclusion of this music in the initial training of teachers in the specialty, without losing focus on the relevance of considering the contexts and the real educational needs of the student body as a center of educational process.

This article aims to compare and analyze the organization and technical contents of the 24 estudios para guitarra by Javier Farías Caballero and the 20 Estudios Sencillos by Leo Brouwer, in order to emphasize the contributions of both works in the training of classical guitar performers of the 21st Century. In addition, emphasis is given to the elements of traditional Chilean guitar and modern music resources incorporated in Farías' studies.