Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Contexto: El siglo XXI requieren nuevos liderazgos en Educación, que escapen al clásico generical, en esto cobra fuerza el transformacional y distribuido, Objetivo: analizar el impacto del liderazgo transformacional y distribuido en organizaciones educacionales de Latinoamérica y España. Para lograrlo, se revisaron 11 investigaciones indexadas sobre la materia, publicadas en los últimos 6 años. Método: comprende una investigación cualitativa, interpretativo hermenéutico y fenomenológica. La obtención de datos considera análisis de discursos de fuentes secundarias. Resultados: destaca  la desvalorización del liderazgo gerencial-vertical; el impacto positivo que tienen los liderazgos transformacional y distribuido en las organizaciones educacionales; el rol protagónico de los directivos, aunque se expresa en cualquier puesto de la organización; la influencia en múltiples direcciones: descendente, ascendente y horizontal; la necesidad de un ambiente de confianza, democracia, inspiración y valoración de los miembros de la comunidad; existen avances legislativo, pero insuficientes, y; la necesidad de equipos de investigación acción internas que releven estos liderazgos. Conclusiones: En el contexto actual el liderazgo transformacional y distribuido surgen como opciones potentes frente a una comunidad educativa que reclama por participación y grados de libertad de acción, diluyendo la verticalidad inconsulta en la toma de decisiones. Por lo anterior su impacto es altamente positivo.

Context: Education must respond to the future needs of society, therefore teaching methods must be sought that adapt to the technological changes observed in different work contexts. It is important that the teaching of accounting recognizes that traditional methods do not allocate spaces for practice and acquisition of experiences and skills. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the flipped classroom methodology on the learning of accounting packages in third-year high school students at the Cinco de Junio ​​Educational Unit. Materials and methods: At the “5 de junio” Educational Unit, through a quasi-experimental project, in a sample made up of 80 students with whom the results of the traditional educational method were compared with the flipped classroom method; new learning methods were applied divided into phases inside and outside the classroom, the teacher delivered educational material through digital tools and directed the development of activities within the classroom. Results: It was observed that the average of the control group (8.46) is lower than the experimental group (9.38). To examine whether the methodology used was pleasing to the students, a satisfaction survey was used that assessed key points of the project. Conclusion: it was demonstrated that the students felt motivated and committed to this methodology, thus fulfilling its objective, which consists of placing the student at the center of the educational process.

Context: The convergence between artificial intelligence (AI) and tourism has driven digital transformation in the industry, creating opportunities to enhance operational efficiency and traveler experiences. This study aims to understand how AI contributes to the sustainable development of tourism through process automation, hyper-personalization, and predictive analytics.  Objective: To analyze how artificial intelligence (AI) contributes to the sustainable development of tourism by optimizing hyper-personalization, process automation, and predictive analytics to enhance operational efficiency and traveler experience. Methodology and Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method. A total of 45 articles were selected through a filtering process in academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, applying inclusion criteria such as language, open access, and relevance .Results: AI enables hyper-personalization in service offerings, automation to optimize operational management, and predictive analytics to anticipate demand patterns. However, it also presents challenges such as data privacy, digital inclusion, and ethical regulation. Conclusions: AI can sustainably transform tourism if appropriate regulatory frameworks, training strategies, and cross-sector collaboration are implemented to ensure inclusive and responsible development.

Background: The large amount of native maize available in Mexico can be used in different associations with other crops, such as squash. However, it is necessary to determine whether its productivity is adequate and whether maize germplasm has an influence on it. Objective: To evaluate the yield of different native maize germplasms in monoculture and in intercropping with squash and to determine the most productive system using the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). Methodology: In 2022, three maize landraces from the Yucatan Peninsula, a commercial hybrid as a control, and a local squash species were studied in Keste, Campeche, Mexico. With the data, Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance, Tukey's multiple mean comparison test (α = 0.05), and LER were determined. Results: Maize in monoculture yielded significantly higher (2.35 t ha-1) than in the intercropping system. Nal Xoy and X'mejenal Nal maize landraces had the highest yields, although the hybrid exceeded them. The yield of squash seeds was statistically the same in monoculture and intercropping. In the association of native maize and squash, the type of maize germplasm has a direct impact on yield. The Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) confirmed the different levels of productivity in the two systems and the effects of maize germplasm. Implications: A relationship exists between the production system, maize germplasm, and yield. Conclusion: Maize yield is higher in monoculture than in the intercropping system. The LER could be a helpful coefficient to choose the right maize landrace to be planted in intercropped systems. The identified LER coefficients of 1.6–1.9 indicate that intercropping systems utilise land area more efficiently than monoculture systems.

Background: There have been few studies on the long-term effects of hydrogen peroxide and dehydroascorbate (H2O2 and DHA) on biotic stress, especially in potato plants infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) that cause the Zebra chip disease, characterized by browning of the tubers, reduced productivity and anomalies in the morphology of the plant. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects of DHA and H2O2 treatments on the reduction of symptoms in potato plants infected with Lso. This research was realized at the INIFAP facilities at Experimental Site Metepec, Mexico State. Methodology: Single nodes were waterlogged in DHA, H2O2, or distilled water, followed by culture in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), and microplants obtained were transplanted in greenhouse conditions. Seventy-three days after transplanting, leaf water potential (Yw), chlorophyll, H2O2 content, and catalase activity (CAT) were determined. Results: DHA significantly increased minituber weight and chlorophyll content in the long term. It also, reduced H2O2 content and increased CAT in infected plants, resulting in increased minituber weight. A long-term effect of H2O2 was observed, as it induced significant increases in stem height, shoot fresh and dry weight, relative chlorophyll content, and minituber weight. Implications: DHA and H2O2 participated as signal molecules, triggering physiological changes promoting increases in productivity in plants infected with Lso, justifying the importance of the study of these molecules under biotic stress conditions. Conclusion: Long-term effects of H2O2 and DHA on the amelioration of symptoms of potato Zebra chip associated with Lso solanacearum were demonstrated. 

Background: Andean raspberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) is one of the most cultivated species of the genus Rubus in colombian production systems, where it is characterized by the control of weeds through tillage and the use of herbicides, affecting biodiversity. Objective: To determine the diversity of weed flora associated with this crop in the municipalities of Pamplona and Chitagá, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Methodology: A descriptive observational study was carried out, with a cross-sectional field design, to determine the weed flora and chemical properties of soil samples from R. glaucus farms. The botanical composition and plant diversity of Shannon-Wiener (H'), Simpson (D'), Pielou (J') and the Jaccard similarity coefficient (Ij) were determined in 18 farms, and the chemical properties of the soil were determined in only 10 of the sampled farms. Results: The floristic composition was represented by 120 individuals grouped in 36 families, 99 genera and 113 species. The subclass Dicotyledonae was the most abundant (78.33%). Asteraceae, with 27 species, was the family with the greatest species richness, followed by Poaceae (18) and Polygonaceae (6). The municipality of Pamplona presented the highest abundance (400 individuals), where Galinsoga parviflora (Asteraceae) was the most frequent species (4.75%). In Chitagá, Persicaria nepalensis and Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae) were the most frequent species (4.32 and 3.70%, respectively). Significant differences in species diversity were observed between the sampling areas (p≤0.05), for the number of species and individuals, and well as the Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indices. These differences exhibited an inverse trend between the two municipalities, except for the Pielou index. The municipality with the greatest diversity was Pamplona (H' = 3.476, D'= 0.968). There was a differentiated floristic composition among the municipalities (IJ = 51.33%) with 57 common species. Implications: The results highlight the need for localized weed management that considers their biodiversity as part of the production system and provide a basis for sustainable control strategies and future studies on allelopathy in R. glaucus. Conclusion: The floristic composition of the communities differed, with minimal similarity indicating that most species from one area do not occur in the other, implying that both are minor deposits of agrobiodiversity. These results suggest that in agronomic management, different weed populations should be considered for the yield of R. glaucus.

Background: The waste generated at the end of a mining process contains potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and, depending on the extraction method, may also contain cyanide. These threaten ecosystems because PTEs are non-biodegradable and can accumulate in organisms through bioaccumulation. Cyanide is particularly dangerous as it is highly toxic and can inhibit the growth of plant species that could be used in phytoremediation. Objective: To evaluate the cyanide survival capacity of four desert native plant species from the state of Baja California, and their ability to phytostabilize EPTs. Methodology: Completely randomized experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, using experimental units with mine tailings amended with four different proportions of plant compost as a mine tailings improver (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %). Four native plant species were used for the study: Prosopis sp., Psorothamnus spinosus, Pluchea sericea, and Encelia farinosa. Results: Prosopis sp. demonstrated a high survival capacity in mine tailings containing cyanide (155 mg kg-1) and potentially toxic elements accumulated mainly in the root. Implications: Many plant species show adverse effects on their growth and development due to the toxicity of these elements. Furthermore, phytostabilizing species must be able to survive the climatic conditions of the area where this technique is implemented and tolerate cyanide. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that Prosopis sp. has phytostabilizing capacity by accumulating higher PTE concentrations in its roots without exceeding concentrations in the aerial part. The optimal treatments for this technique were those with 10 % and 15 % compost, which helped the species tolerate cyanide. Therefore, Prosopis sp. is confirmed as an effective native species for phytostabilization.

Background. The Fusarium complex is the causal agent of vascular wilt in agave that causes damage to the roots, stem/cone, and leaves. This affects the health of the agave, the yield and therefore the quality of drinks derived from this plant, such as pulque, mezcal and tequila, this prevents ensuring demand in the national and international market. Chemical control has been the most frequent method used to control this disease; however, it has shown a negative impact by generating resistance of the pathogen, damage to the environment and human health, which makes it necessary to search for sustainable and efficient strategies to control this disease. Objective. To carry out an exhaustive analysis of the reports related to the chemical, biological, ecological and phytosanitary methods used to control the Fusarium complex that causes wilting in agave and other crops and to verify the ecological and economic impact of its application.  Methodology. A systematic bibliographic review was carried out, based on the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, for its acronym in English), the information search was carried out in the most prominent databases (Science Direct, Redalyc , Scielo, Scopus, Google scholar, Google scholar and Pubmed), using as keywords, Fusarium complex, vascular wilt, agave and control methods, considering a period of 30 years (from 1994 to 2024) as inclusion criteria, which allowed for a more perspective. extensive study on the impact of the different methods used to control vascular wilt in agave caused by the Fusarium complex. Main findings. The analysis of the information allowed us to identify the most used control methods for wilting in agave and other crops of agricultural importance, among which are: silica, ozone, essential oils, acid water, mycorrhizas, nanoparticles, salicylic acid, extracts vegetables, and biocontrol by antagonist agents (Trichoderma and Bacillus), where the latter appear reported in 33% of the documents reviewed. Implications. Inescapably, in studies on agave wilt caused by the Fusarium fungus, the possible action of a pathogenic complex formed by two or more species of this genus must be considered and for its control management, already proven strategies must be applied. Conclusions. The use of antagonist agents and plant extracts can be applied to manage wilt caused by the Fusarium complex in agave and other crops, with high control efficiency. Furthermore, these methods turn out to be an ecological, sustainable and effective strategy. 

Background: Cowpea is known for its adaptability to lowland and moisture-stressed environments, but its potential for fodder production in high and mid-altitude areas, particularly in Ethiopia and Tigray, remains underexplored. Objective. To evaluate the agronomic performances and nutritional value of six  cowpea varieties in the southeastern and eastern zones of Tigray, Ethiopia representing mid and high altitudes, respectively. Methodology. The experiment was laid-out in a factorial arrangement of two locations (mid and high altitudes) and six cowpea varieties (Sewunet, Black-eyed bean, Kenkety, Temesgen (standard check), Bekur and Bole) in a randomized complete block design with three replication. Results. Both fresh biomass (FB) and dry matter (DM) yields (ton/ha) were affected (p<0.05) by variety, location, and their interactions. Cowpea varieties grown at high altitude site required a significantly longer time (p<0.05) to reach 50% flowering (78.6 days) and maturity (110.3 days) compared to those grown at midland altitude. There were variation (p<0.05) in thousand-seeds weight (kg), number of seeds per pod (NSPP), and number of pods per plant (NPPP) between the two test locations. Temesgen required a longer time (p<0.05) to reach flowering and maturity, but it produced higher (p<0.05) dry matter yield (DMY) (5.8 tons/ha), number of branches per plant (NBPP), number of leaves per plant (NLPP), and plant height (PH) compared to other varieties. The interaction between variety and location had affected (p<0.05) the ash content, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Implications. The study provides essential data on cowpea’s potential for fodder production in previously under-researched areas, which could lead to increased adoption of cowpea as a dual-purpose crop for both grain and fodder, benefiting livestock systems. Conclusion. This study identified cowpea varieties, especially Temesgen that can be highly productive and nutritionally valuable in mid and high altitudes, helping to widen the feed resource base and address the shortage of quality feed in the region.

Background. The carbon footprint (CF) quantifies the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by human activities. Reducing the CF of agricultural products is essential for mitigating global warming. Objective. To quantify the CF in organic shade-grown coffee production in two modalities: green coffee for export and ground, packaged coffee for the local market at Finca Triunfo Verde S.C., Chiapas, Mexico. Methodology. During the 2023–2024 production cycle, 458 plots across 32 communities in eight municipalities of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas were evaluated. GHG emissions were estimated according to IPCC guidelines and the PAS-2050 standard. Results. The average total CF was 0.909 kg CO₂e kg⁻¹ for export green coffee and 1.014 kg CO₂e kg⁻¹ for locally marketed coffee. The wet processing phase had the highest impact in both cases, primarily due to methane emissions from pulp decomposition (0.289 kg CO2e kg⁻¹) and nitrous oxide emissions from wastewater (0.266 kg CO2e kg⁻¹). Transportation contributed 0.238 kg CO2e kg⁻¹ for export coffee and 0.211 kg CO2e kg⁻¹ for local market coffee due to fuel consumption. Together, these activities accounted for 87.18% and 75.54% of the total CF for export and local market coffee, respectively. Implications. Optimizing coffee by-product management, adopting clean energy, and improving transportation efficiency could significantly reduce CF. Conclusion. Wet processing was the most significant impactful phase in both production modalities. Pulp decomposition contributed 31.77% to the CF of export coffee and 28.48% to local market coffee. Wastewater emissions represented 29.28% and 26.25%, respectively, while transportation represented 26.13% and 20.81% of the CF for export and local market coffee.