Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Las Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia (EAI) tienen consecuencias en la salud física y mental distintas en mujeres y hombres, pero se desconoce si es así a lo largo del desarrollo. Este estudio buscó identificar diferencias de género en número y frecuencia de EAI y su relación con Sintomatología Internalizante/Externalizante (SIE) en adultos jóvenes. Es un estudio correlacional, con una muestra no probabilística (n = 374 edad media = 20.4 años, 78% mujeres). No se identificaron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el número o frecuencia de EAI, pero si en el tipo de EAI, las mujeres reportaron mayor frecuencia en abuso sexual y bullying y los hombres en violencia comunitaria y abuso físico. En las mujeres existe una correlación positiva entre número y frecuencia de EAI y SIE, SI y SE. En los hombres solo se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre número de EAI y SE, y entre frecuencia de EAI y SIE y SE. La negligencia, la violencia comunitaria y el abuso sexual y emocional predicen la SIE en mujeres y la violencia colectiva y el abuso físico en hombres. La relación entre EAI y SIE es distinta en hombres y mujeres y estas diferencias están presentes en los adultos jóvenes.

La presente investigación da cuenta de un tema relevante en las cuestiones de género con respecto a la inteligencia creativa. El estudio de las correlaciones entre inteligencia y creatividad ocupa un espacio importante en el campo de la investigación de la creatividad desde los años 50. La hipótesis de que se dio para este trabajo es que no existían diferencias significativas en el coeficiente de inteligencia creativa entre hombres y mujeres. En una población de 208 estudiantes de pregrado de dos Instituciones de Educación Superior de la Ciudad de México de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil de los semestres primeros y últimos de su formación profesional, se llevó a cabo un análisis correlacional a través del software estadístico SPSS, para el cual se emplearon los resultados obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de la prueba CREA, que mide la inteligencia creativa, la cual se aplicó de manera grupal. El análisis estadístico descriptivo se realizó de acuerdo con lo que establece la correlación de Pearson, además se realizó la prueba de hipótesis para pruebas no paramétricas con U de Mann-Whitney. Esta investigación es descriptiva y correlacional. Los resultados demuestran el no hallazgo de diferencias significativas en el coeficiente de inteligencia creativa entre hombres y mujeres, comprobando con ello nuestra hipótesis. Las limitaciones radican en el número de participantes, ya que no se incluyó a estudiantes de todos los semestres escolares, por lo cual, consideramos recomendable incluirlos para investigaciones posteriores.

Un entorno virtual brinda herramientas tecnológicas que al combinarse con estrategias de aprendizaje crean un espacio activo que promueve en el estudiante un rol protagónico e interactivo para la deconstrucción y apropiación de conocimientos en el campo de la biología. Es en este escenario donde el docente planifica, elabora recursos y metodologías que son determinantes para el éxito de un entorno virtual. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de aprendizaje del tema Evolución Biológica en un entorno virtual. Se implementó una metodología mixta con alumnos de EMS, contemplando un grupo experimental y un controlado a quienes se les aplicó un pre-diagnóstico, tratamiento y post-diagnóstico. El grupo experimental fue sometido a estrategias de aprendizaje albergadas en un entorno virtual. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario y los resultados fueron tratados con un análisis de redes. Los resultados arrojaron diferencia sustancial entre el grupo control y experimental. En este último los estudiantes muestran la apropiación de conceptos del tema Evolución. Se concluye que la intervención didáctica mediada por tecnología promueve un cambio conceptual a través de un aprendizaje consciente y reflexivo, donde los conceptos previos que poseen los alumnos son deconstrucciones elaboradas para explicar un fenómeno.

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Most of the coffee production in Nicaragua is grown under shade, which allows the capture of significant volumes of carbon from the atmosphere that, under the concept of payment for environmental services, would mean the generation of other income for the producer. The objective was to calculate the volumes of carbon stored by trees, coffee bushes, mulch and soil in the agroforestry system with coffee and estimate its economic value. The research was non-experimental under a methodological process of three phases: planning, execution and analysis and interpretation of results; The sample was selected based on criteria defined by the Union of Cooperatives, among them: leading producer in his community, altitudinal floor between 600 and 900 m, producer open to communication and who applied the training provided by the Cooperative, the sample It was composed of two agroforestry systems close to 900 masl and two close to 600 masl. A single sampling plot of 0.25 ha was used to whose sampled trees and shrubs allometric equations were applied, the mulch was subjected to moisture discount, dry matter was obtained from them and the carbon factor of 0.5 was applied. For the soil, apparent density (g cm-3) and organic carbon (%) were determined to be used in the formula of Andrade and Ibrahim, 2003. The soil component was the one that presented the highest average volume of stored carbon with 80.86 t C ha-1 followed by trees, mulch and coffee bushes with 15.58, 6.21 and 1.22 t C ha-1 respectively. The agroforestry systems with the highest and lowest volume of carbon stored were Los Chilamates and Las Quebradas with 119.22 and 89.01 t C ha-1. Based on the carbon stored, producers could receive other income from carbon capture from 874.36 to 652.80 US dollars per hectare. based on stored CO2. It is recommended to carry out the study with a greater number of producers and have relevant base information to manage the carbon storage payment project.

Citrus production in Nicaragua is of great economic importance since it generates foreign currency for the country and this industry also generates direct and indirect jobs. However, citrus areas are threatened by the disease known as huanglongbing (HLB), which is transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to generate information related to the detection of the causative agent of HLB (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus – CLas) and the population fluctuation of Diaphorina citri in four citrus nurseries in the department of Masaya, Nicaragua. For four months, the detection of the causative agent of huanglongbing was carried out through the PCR technique, the vector population fluctuation, and the effect of insecticide usage on the insect population fluctuation were determined. In the study of population fluctuation yellow traps were used, which were checked at 8-day intervals. The causal agent of huanglongbing was detected in the four nurseries. All three stages of the psyllid occurred during the study period. The highest population peaks of adults occurred in April, coinciding with high temperatures and low rainfall. The CLas variant is the one that was present in the four nurseries. The population fluctuation of Diaphorina citri by nursery was variable over time. The highest population peaks were observed in the month of April. Insecticide applications reduced the populations of Diaphorina citri in each of the nurseries

In this study we used a recent cross-sectional survey data in Niger state, Nigeria to examine the relationship between shock impact, risk perception and adoption of risk mitigation methods among farming households in Niger state, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to; (i) describe risks perception among the farming households; (ii) examine the determinants of future risk perception among the farmers; and (iii) describe the mitigation methods applied by the households.  A frequency table was used to describe impact and future risk perception; Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was used to analyze the determinants of future risk perception among the farming households, and a graph was used to describe the mitigation methods applied by the households. The result showed that the majority of the respondents experienced extreme weather events with the mean of 2 times per household and experienced the highest severity. The most perceived future risks in five years were extreme weather events with a mean of 6 times per household over five years and predicted with the highest severity. OLS regression result showed that weather impact, biological impact, economic impact, socio-political impact and household head age were significant and positive determinants of future risk perception. While marital status was negatively related to future risk perception. The mitigation methods mostly employed in the area were drought-tolerant crops (63%), diversification of crop, plot and livestock (61%), buffer stock (55%), dry season irrigated rice farming (41%). The study recommends that farmers should be encouraged to diversify their sources of livelihood to boost their adaptive capacity. The government needs to invest more in the expansion of irrigation facilities to ensure all-year-round food production and to improve households’ welfare.

Thrips (Insecta:Thysanoptera) are pests that affect ejote francés (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) there are agronomic practices that favor the increase of insect populations, such as fertilization. The objective of the research was to establish the effect of nitrogenous fertilizers and free amino acids in different concentrations on the populations of trips of the species Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Trips tabaci (Lindeman), in the cultivation of French beans. Nine plots were established, three concentrations of nitrogen fertilizers (urea 46 %) (71 kg ha-1, 95 kg ha-1 y 119 kg ha-1) and organic fertilizer (compost) (3 825 kg ha-1, 5 100 kg ha-1 y 6 375 kg ha-1), three concentrations of free amino acids (0.75 L ha-1, 1 L ha-1, 1.25 L ha-1) were evaluated. response variables were: number of adults and nymphs/plant and number of adults and nymphs in each phase of plant development. The concentrations of the recommended dose for urea nitrogen of 95 kg ha-1 and 119 kg ha-1 and free amino acids of 1 L ha-1 and 1.25 L ha-1 had a positive effect on thrips populations in the nymphal stage and adults (p = < 0.0001), mainly in the production phase of the crop, which indicates the importance of correct management of these fertilizers in the cultivation of French beans to avoid favoring the increase of thrips populations.

Our original peoples carried out agriculture in a very different way from that imposed by the Europeans in the 16th century, one of its forms were the pre-Hispanic raised beds, elevated soil structures that allowed it to be kept moist in the dry season and well drained in the rainy season, a farming method friendly to the environment, contrasting with conventional farming of intense soil tillage. At the El Madroño farm owned by COOPAD, Diriamba, trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect that tillage has on the hydrophysical and chemical properties of the soil, comparing two methods: pre-Hispanic raised beds and conventional tillage. In each one, three crop association systems were established: Maize (Zea mays L.) and common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Maize, common beans and squash (Cucurbita argyrosperma H.) and Pujagua maize and amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.), extracting three soil samples (June, September and December). It was established in a divided plot design with repeated measures in time with plot structure in BCA, finding an increase in moisture retention in Pre-Hispanic raised beds systems of 3.2 in June, 0.1 in September and 2.5 % in December, compared to the of conventional tillage as well as better apparent density values (0.83 g cm3) and a decrease in soil temperature (2.6 degrees less). The values of organic matter (6.69 %), pH (6.70), as well as the amounts of nitrogen (0.30 %), phosphorus (6.03 parts per million) and potassium (1.81 meq 100/g of soil) are also manifested in a higher way. in the system of pre-Hispanic raised beds to those obtained in conventional tillage, which is why they represent a viable agroecological option.

The purpose of the research was to analyze the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the livelihoods of rural families in the face of climate change in three municipalities of the department of Madriz (Totogalpa, Palacagüina and Telpaneca) located in the dry corridor of the country. The assessment of the impact, vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007 was taken as the main theoretical reference. The methodology used was mixed, quantitative and qualitative, using the survey as the main instrument and applied to rural families, in addition to a focus group, interviews with territorial actors and a case study. The variables evaluated were exposure index, sensitivity index and adaptive capacity index, broken down into 62 indicators. A variance analysis was performed to determine statistical differences between the indicators and descriptive statistics to determine the degree of vulnerability. The results show that the territories differ statistically in 80% of the indicators. In addition, the average vulnerability to climate change is x̄ 63.19 for Totogalpa, x̄ 62.94 for Palacagüina and x̄ 66.05 for Telpaneca, the latter territory being the one with the largest population segment (86.44%) in a high degree of vulnerability (61-80). The lack of water is the main problem that affects the majority of families in the three municipalities (98.29%).