Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this study was to show the phytosanitary status in a spatial context of the main quarantine threats to mexican banana. The characteristics and phytosanitary status of Fusariosis of Musaceae (FocR4T), Banana Bacterial Wilt (BXW) and Banana Bushy Top (BBTV), as priority diseases identified by the Mexican National Plant Protection Agency (SENASICA), were considered. Under the approach of "Tobler's Second Law", the area/production of banana in the world was analyzed, the phytosanitary status (present) of the quarantine threats with respect to the Mexican Republic and on a larger scale (at the municipal level) the spatial condition of the area planted and production of banana in Mexico was demonstrated. A scenario of the productive condition of the banana producing countries (planted area and production) was obtained. On a regional scale, the existence of two territories close to Mexico with presence of FocR4T at 1,800 and 2,500 km of distance was determined, and a third one with present official status of BBTV at 4,200 km was determined. In addition, the spatial distribution of municipalities with the presence of economically important hosts was obtained. It is concluded that Mexico maintains technically and scientifically supported preventive activities against the possible entry of FocR4T, BXW and BTTV, through the Phytosanitary Epidemiological Surveillance Program for banana quarantine pests. The results allow us to place the phytosanitary risk posed by quarantine threats to the banana product system on a spatial and current level, and are considered an input that allows us to assist in strategic decision making in the face of phytosanitary risks such as the pathogens described above.

Carica papaya var. Maradol is an important product fresh cultivated in Chiapas, México. However, papaya shelf life is very short, for that, theses could be processed to extend it. Osmotic dehydration could be used to extend shelf life. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of temperature and sucrose content in an osmotic solution on water loss and solid gain during osmotic dehydration of papaya slices. For that, papaya slices of 5 mm of thickness were dehydrated by osmosis in sucrose solutions to 40, 50, 60 and  70°Brix maintained to temperatures of 50, 60 and 70°C during 6 hours, keeping a proportion solid:solution of 1:5 (weigh:volume). The water loss and solids gain were adjusted with Azuara´s equation to obtain the water and sucrose average effective diffusivities. The sensory analysis of the samples was carried out using a hedonic test of 9-point scale and the results were analyzed by an analysis of variance and mean using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Water average effective diffusivity varied between 4 x 10-10 and 7.2 x 10-10 m2 s-1; while for the sucrose diffusivity was 3.62 x 10-10 to 8.4 x 10-10 m2 s-1. The results of the sensory analysis showed that osmotic dehydration had a significant effect on the preference of the papaya. The osmodehydration process to 50°Brix at 50°C during 6 h allowed to obtain papaya slices with water loss of 49%, a solids gain of 14% and a good pleasure level acceptable. These conditions of processing increase the shell life of papaya and could be used for industrial purpose.

In recent years, computer equipment in higher education institutions has become a key element for access to information and services, hardware and software are essential elements to maintain information, becoming an asset of companies and institutions. The present investigation has allowed the development of an inventory and maintenance record system for of the computing equipment for the "San Gabriel" Higher Technological Institute of the city of Riobamba-Ecuador. It was developed through the waterfall methodology through the Java programming language and the MYSQL database manager. With the implementation of the system, the 90% of the maintenance plans were fulfilled in the department of information and communication technologies (ICT) of this institution.

La Geopolítica es “la ciencia que, a través de la Geografía Política, los Estudios Regionales y la Historia, estudia la causalidad espacial de los sucesos políticos y sus futuros efectos” o, en otras palabras, permite entender, desde una visión global (espacial y temporalmente hablando) los orígenes de los aparentemente incomprensibles fenómenos mundiales contemporáneos, como la crisis en Ucrania, los conflictos en el Oriente Medio, la presencia de los Zetas en el Golfo de México o la dinámica industrial en Querétaro y el Bajío y, aún más relevante, cómo esos incidentes “aislados”, que pueden parecer lejanos o inconexos entre sí, llegarán a afectar una decisión política, económica, social, o inclusive tecnológica, en cualquier lugar del orbe y, así, poder tomar las decisiones pertinentes en un contexto local o regional1,2.  La “Teoría del Mundo Pequeño”3,4 reafirma la increíble conectividad que personas, sucesos y locaciones geográficas están constantemente generando y modificando, a través de redes dinámicas en muy variadas áreas del conocimiento y el desarrollo económico5-6.

As a part of the Conacyt-Ciencia de Frontera Project: A critical review of nanotechnologies development in Mexico, an exploratory electronic questionnaire was carried out regarding research on nanotechnology for health/medicine in the country. The purpose was to examine the perspective of the experts to subsequently conduct individual interviews in greater depth. Given the data richness and the reflections´ global scope, the objective of this text is to present the obtained results and analyze the nanotechnologies conditions in Mexico based on the answers. Among the main results, we found the generalized perspective on the need to have an updated inventory of nanotechnologies in Mexico, as well as the lack of knowledge of researchers in some standardization and regulation issues. In the same way, it is observed that the main investor in nanomedicine research is the State, with little collaboration between researchers and private initiative.

In this research, the hydrological simulation of the Teapa river basin was carried out with the hydrological model CEQUEAU from 1980 to 2017. The research objectives are: a) to simulate the average daily flows and b) to calibrate and validate the model CEQUEAU at the Teapa hydrometric station. A hydrogeomatic module was used to obtain the input files required by CEQUEAU. The efficiency of the model was evaluated with the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE), the percentage of bias (PBIAS), and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results show that CEQUEAU reproduces the hydrological behavior of the Teapa river basin in rainy and dry seasons.

Inaction policy is a decision made by authorities where a problem is known, but they decide not to act on it, whatever the reason may be. Through a qualitative study, where professors of the Language Faculty at Universidad Veracruzana and high hierarchy authorities were interviewed, we could notice that these policies are common place, and even promoted by authorities. The focus of the original research was limited to digital technology for language teaching, but results showed that inaction policies extend far beyond equipment and technological infrastructure.

In this work, the importance of migrating raptors as bioindicators to show the presence and concentration of heavy metals and metalloids is examined, in addition, a general view on the toxicity of these elements is discussed. Human activities such as mining, petroleum/oil industry and agriculture are the principal sources of environmental pollution, the effects of these industries on the health of migrating raptors are variable, at present, studies to determine the degree to which raptors are affected are being conducted. Some heavy metals and metalloids have negative effects on biomolecules essential to cell metabolism; despite the amount of written works on the subject their results are not conclusive and changes in natural populations of raptors are diverse.

In Mexico, the temazcal bath is part of the historical uses and customs and is also promoted as a tourist activity for relaxation and stress release. The general objective of this study was to reveal the most important factors associated with tourist satisfaction after the temazcal experience on the island of Cozumel. The quantitative method was applied, with a survey of temazcal users on the island of Cozumel, in 2018. As results, the combination of contrasting allows to achieve a high level of satisfaction. Marketers will be able to design and promote appropriate strategies for this market segment.

Weed control is an important factor in crop production, but it is necessary to generate less polluting and more sustainable alternatives, for which an exploratory research was proposal to determine the phytotoxic activity of plant extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis, Raphanus sativus, Origanum vulgare, Capsicum annuum and Allium sativum in seed and plant germination of monocots (Zea mays) and dicots (Phaseolus vulgaris) species; Two forms of extraction (liquefied and pressurized) were used with each plant. In the first stage, all the extracts were evaluated at concentrations of 100% and 50% v/v, in Z. mays and P. vulgaris, and the percentage of germination, healthy seeds and seedling growth were quantified. The best treatments were evaluated in a second stage on plants and the following were quantified: degree of phytotoxicity (Rochecouste scale), fresh and dry weight, and root and foliar growth. The design was completely randomized and a control (water) was included in both stages, analysis of variance and comparisons of Tukey's means (P≤0.05) were performed. The results indicate that the extract of R. officinalis liquefied at 100% achieved 9 on the Rochecouste phytotoxicity scale, as well as the lowest value of dry weight in Z. mays, and R. officinalis pressurized at 100% and 50%, C. annuum liquefied and pressurized at 100% and O. vulgare pressurized at 100%, also had a phytotoxic effect greater than 4.8 and a reduction in the dry weight of plants by more than 50%, being potential herbicide products in monocots plants. The extract of A. sativum liquefied at 100%, achieved 10 on the Rochecouste scale, and the lowest weight in P. vulgare plants, being like A. sativum pressurized at 100 and 50% and O. vulgare liquefied at 100%, extracts with herbicide potential in dicots plants.