Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study examines the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in Costa Rica’s agricultural sector, emphasizing its potential to enhance sustainability, resource management, and market competitiveness. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates structural equation modeling (SEM), multivariate regression analysis, text mining, and scenario analysis to provide a comprehensive evaluation of AI adoption. AI-driven solutions optimize key agricultural processes, including climate pattern prediction, soil condition monitoring, crop disease detection, and pest management. Quantitative findings indicate a strong correlation between AI adoption and improved productivity, economic benefits, and environmental conservation, particularly through optimized fertilizer and pesticide use and enhanced water management. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, limited digital infrastructure, and farmer resistance remain significant barriers. Text mining analysis reveals widespread concerns over data privacy, technical complexity, and financial investment, highlighting the importance of targeted training programs. Scenario analysis further suggests that government support and technological advancements could significantly accelerate AI adoption over the next decade. The study underscores the need for strategic partnerships among government agencies, educational institutions, and technology providers to bridge the digital divide and encourage AI adoption. These findings not only inform Costa Rican agricultural policy and innovation strategies but also provide a replicable model for other emerging economies aiming to integrate AI sustainably into agricultural systems.

In vitro micropropagation of pitahaya has been presented as an alternative for obtaining high quality plant material and mass production in reduced and controlled spaces. The present study aimed to achieve in vitro regeneration of shoots and roots of H. guatemalensis from areoles and their survival during ex vitro acclimatization. Different treatments with culture media, growth regulators and substrates were evaluated to obtain plants with normal development. Shoot regeneration from areoles was achieved 14 days, enriching the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP). The induction of shoots without callus formation and with greater shoot length and diameter was achieved using Woody Plant Medium (WPM) without cytokinins. On the other hand, root induction began at 14 days, obtaining between 90 and 100% of rooted explants, with the highest number of roots produced in media supplemented with indolbutyric acid (IBA), and the greatest lengths with MS medium without regulators. 100% survival was achieved using a mixture of perlite and peat in a 1:1 ratio, as well as higher values of cladode length and diameter. This study reports, for the first time, the protocols for in vitro regeneration of pitahaya H. guatemalensis explants from areoles, as well as their successful acclimatization.

The resilience of seedlings from four open-pollinated families of Swietenia macrophylla to simulated attacks by Hypsipyla grandella was evaluated at the nursery stage to determine the possibility of early selection of individuals from the most resilient families and establish sustainable forest plantations in the Peruvian Amazon. Significant differences were detected among families for diameter (D), sprout length (SL), and basal sprout area (BA). The coefficient of determination for genotypic effects was moderate (range: 0.248 – 0.457) for H (plant height), D, SL, and BA, and low (< 0.15) for plant base height (HB), number of sprouts (NR), number of branches (NB), and number of leaves (NL). The genetic correlation for the traits H, D, SL, BA, NR, NB, and NL ranged from 0.228 to 0.996, indicating that an increase in one of these traits can result in an increase in the other. This is important because there is the possibility of early selection of families for the traits D, SL, and BA for the development of plantations with families resistant to attack. Therefore, the genetic and phenotypic variation observed in the families suggests the possibility of early selection as a promising strategy for genetic improvement programs, using a larger number of families than those used in the present study, since theoretically larger samples may contain greater genetic variation between and within families.

Plant biotechnology is a powerful tool that has enabled the transformation of plant cells into small-scale biofactories to produce secondary metabolites. These compounds can be synthesized in laboratory settings on a large scale, independent of spatial, resource, or environmental constraints. Identifying plant species with promising phytochemical profiles is crucial to obtaining bioactive products with high market demand and commercial value. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the potential of Annona deceptrix as a biotechnological resource, based on findings from previous studies conducted on other Annona species. Despite belonging to a botanical family with a well-established track record in the production of characteristic and biologically active secondary metabolites—particularly those with agrochemical relevance—A. deceptrix remains underutilized and understudied. Exploring its biotechnological potential is essential, as establishing this species in vitro would allow the development of callus production protocols, characterization of its cell growth kinetics, and the subsequent extraction of high-quality bioactive compounds. These extracts could serve as innovative solutions to challenges across various industries, ultimately leading to the development of marketable final products.

The university stage demands academic demands that provoke maladjusted behavior in students, considering them as difficult or threatening situations. Therefore, the study focuses on undergraduate students at the Ricardo Palma University, in order to find the significant differences between the faculty, the year of admission and sex compared to the Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Uncertainty and Desirability scales. Social of the INDACPS-N 2022 questionnaire, applied to a sample of 533 participants. The results show that there are significant differences between the Stress and Depression Scale, and the Faculty (p<0.05). On the other hand, entrants from 2017 to 2021 presented a high category of maladjusted behavior compared to entrants from 1988 to 2016. Likewise, men present scores between low and medium, while women have scores between medium and high in the Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Uncertainty Scales. It is concluded that the sampleexperiences high or very high levels of stress (49.91%), anxiety (34.15%) and depression (29.08%), and manifest uncertainty (36.96%) between ranges of high and very high scores; and social desirability (67.54%).

The objective of this research is to know the expectations and perceptions of UNFV students, in relation to the topics that are current in the debate of the current political situation: the questioning of the effectiveness of representative democracy in the last 30 years and also the paradigm of the private business management system that despite its relative success in multiplying GDP up to 5 times, has failed to universalize the market economy, decentralization and productive diversification, decent employment, productivity and competitiveness in the external markets. For this purpose, the 2023 enrollees have been selected from three of the UNFV Faculties: Economics, Civil Engineering and Sociology, which are representative of business sciences, engineering and social sciences respectively. To find an explanation for these perceptions and attitudes, variables from the students' family have been addressed, such as the geographical origin of the parents, family income, social differentiation taking into account the Socio-Economic Levels of belonging and geographical mobility. Results: The student is sensitive to pointing out as a precondition for the functioning of liberal democracy, the validity of the so-called economic democracy, which consists of giving citizens equal opportunities not only for their business training, but also access to property. of raw materials, credit, innovation and natural resources for their use and massive creation of productive jobs. An important conclusion is the assessment of the training action of the UNFV, in relation to private business development, future employment, towards which the majority of students of the investigated specialties are inclined.

The objective was to analyze the Andean communication system through Huilca’s painting, whose production integrates messages, symbols,categories and codes that express the experiences, logic and culture of the Andean indigenous communities. The work methodology: the research is basic, explanatory level, with a qualitative approach, through in-depth interviews, testimonies, life stories of the key informant, the research is developed considering the Interpretative Hermeneutic Paradigm; To analyze the underlying messages in the pictographic medium, the Semiotic-Structural Method of the French School has been used. The results allow us to conclude that painting is a means of communication with symbolic messages, which to this day are valid, since they collect ways of life, with which the population fully identifies. The conclusions: the indigenous Andean pictographic universe manages a universe of colors that symbolize each of the messages of life and death, such as yellow and red, which express life, and black and brown, death; The graphic representations are broad, expressing the universe holistically, and not casuistically.

The objective of this research was to know the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Ricardo Palma University. It is a mixed methodology study, of an exploratory-descriptive type. A survey guide with 2 thematic sections of 7 items was applied to 110 respondents, its application being as follows; 78 virtual and 32 in-person, in the first cycles of the Basic Studies Program of the Ricardo Palma University, between the 2021-2, 2022.1 and 2022-2 semesters of both sexes between 16 and 25 years of age. The results indicate thatCOVID-19 regularly affected the economic and family aspects, health due to the contagion of the disease, and mental health. The measures adopted by the University during the context have been as expected and have been taken positively, both from the institutional side and from the teachers and students. Likewise, the response of students to teaching-learning has been as expected, in the development of virtual education.

This case study delves into the complex relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and the psychology of creativity, using as a sample some of the most prominent artificial intelligences today. The creative capabilities of these AIs will be analyzed, exploring how they emulate or challenge human cognitive processes associated with the generation of innovative ideas. This case study seeks to shed light on the creative capacity of artificial intelligences, exploring their potential to contribute to fields such as literature, visual art, strategic games and music. Through detailed analysis of specific cases, it is hoped to provide a deeper understanding of the intersection between artificial intelligence and the psychology of creativity.

The present research is a quantitative approach with a descriptive design and was carried out with the students of the Initial Education specialty of the Faculty of Education of UNMSM, in the situational diagnosis motivated to provide possible solutions to the problem, the students observed that there are distractors that interfered in learning for different reasons, they develop the action plan with the objective of resolving conflicts in the classroom in a specific period, at the end of it they presented a report with the results obtained, which is an academic experience where They strengthened teaching skills for the future exercise of their profession. School coexistence presents various scenarios. Conflicts in the classroom occur for any reason or circumstance, which requires attention because they are a distraction and can cause negative emotional states in children under 5 years of age. It is demonstrated that action research as a teaching strategy has positive effects on conflict resolution in the classroom, according to the perception of the students of the X cycle of the Initial Education specialty of the Faculty of Education of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in the 2023-II semester.