Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La creatividad es un fenómeno complejo y multifacético que ha capturado la atención de investigadores, educadores y profesionales de diversas disciplinas. En este contexto, la obra "Psicología de la Creatividad" de Héctor Hugo Sánchez Carlessi se erige como un texto fundamental que ofrece una exploración profunda y sistemática de la creatividad desde una perspectiva psicológica. A lo largo de sus 190 páginas, el autor no solo define y analiza la creatividad, sino que también examina su desarrollo, sus procesos y su relevancia en el ámbito educativo y profesional.

AUTORES

The current context of agribusiness is framed by three major drivers: business models based on bioeconomy and circular economy; mechanisms that ensure quality, safety, and traceability throughout the supply chain; and aspects of the Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. The latter has become a differential factor for both comparative and competitive advantage and is recognized as a potential enabler or constraint for the positioning of primary, minimally processed, and transformed agricultural products. In the case of Ocañera red onion as a primary product, access to distinctive signs covered by the TRIPS agreement, such as denomination of origin or geographical indication, would benefit the promotion of its cultivation, protect trade against homologous varieties from neighboring countries introduced without restriction, and facilitate the promotion of characteristics related to its bioactive and functional components beyond organoleptic properties. For this research, a methodological design based on mixed methods of scientometrics, systematic literature review, and qualitative meta-analysis was implemented, aimed at identifying research trends in distinctive signs for primary agricultural products. From these trends and focusing on specific information about vegetables, enabling and restrictive factors related to distinctive signs were identified. These factors were used to analyze homologous cases of distinctive signs reported for primary agricultural products of the Allium genus. Finally, key factors were classified into five categories related to regulations, product added value characteristics, territory specificities, available technologies for origin and quality assessment, and market dynamics and merged in a five-step route to undertake a certification process for distinctive signs for Ocañera red onion.

The study evaluated the impact of different environmental enrichment strategies on the performance and welfare of commercially raised broilers. The research, conducted in Paraná, Brazil, involved 690 birds allocated to three types of environments: control, with a low wall, and with a perch. The performance of the birds was monitored through indicators such as feed conversion, live weight (plucked and eviscerated), and cut yields (wing, thigh, drumstick, breast, and back weight). There were no significant differences in feed conversion and yields between the environments, except for wing weight, which was higher in environments with a perch for males. Females raised in an environment with a low wall showed higher live and eviscerated weight, while thigh weight was lower in environments with a perch. Welfare variables, such as Latency to Lie and Fluctuating Asymmetry, showed no significant differences between the environments. However, females in the control and low wall environments had a higher incidence of calluses on their feet compared to those in the perch environment. Joint injuries (Hock Health) did not show significant differences between the types of enrichment. These results suggest that, although environmental enrichment may benefit some aspects of welfare, its impact on broiler performance and joint health needs to be better understood, particularly in relation to the long-term effects of different enrichment types on locomotor health, muscle development, and the prevention of joint injuries. Future studies should focus on the physiological mechanisms behind these effects, including the role of enrichment in reducing stress and promoting more natural behaviors that may influence bone density and joint function.

The Prosopis sp. individuals known as carob trees are key species in the development of dry forest and recovery of degraded areas in the northern coast of Peru. The evaluation of plantations, calculation of aboveground forest biomass (AFB) and carbon stock represent an important role in forest management and climate change mitigation. This study evaluates monitoring methodologies using multispectral and LiDAR images coupled to a UAV, to validate them and generate models to estimate carbon stocks. Seven species of Prosopis sp. were evaluated with the conventional methodology and significant differences were found between species for dasometric characteristics and vegetation indices, as well as in the comparison with the data obtained with LiDAR. Models were selected to determine BAF and the association between the aerial carbon obtained with the models constituted by LiDAR data and vegetation indexes that presented significant correlations (p < 0.05), seven models were built for carbon prediction and the model that has as regressor variables the total height and crown area obtained from LiDAR, as well as the indexes CIgreen, GNDVI, RECI, LCI and NDVI (R² = 0.77) stands out. This confirms that the use of the LiDAR methodology with the vegetation indices allows a more practical estimation of the carbon stored in the plantation.

Corn production is affected by fungi of the genus Rhizoctonia. The objective of this study was to characterize, using morphology, DNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity, Rhizoctonia isolates associated with corn with banded leaf spot symptoms in commercial fields in northern Sinaloa. Diseased plants were collected in the municipalities of Ahome, El Fuerte, and Guasave, obtaining 27 isolates. Morphological characterization on PDA showed colonies with whitish to brown mycelium, pigment release into the medium, and amorphous, red and brown sclerotia with a diameter < 1 mm, characteristics described for Rhizoctonia. For molecular characterization, genomic DNA was extracted, part of the RPB2 gene was amplified by PCR, and the amplified products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identification of 18 isolates as Rhizoctonia zeae and 9 isolates as Rhizoctonia solani. The R. solani isolates correspond to the anastomosis group (AG): AG-4. Three of them correspond to the anastomosis subgroup AG-4 HGI and the other 6 to the subgroup AG-4 HGIII. The pathogenicity and severity of the isolates were evaluated in corn plants 34 days after planting, revealing significant differences (p > 0.05). This study will allow the development of disease management strategies and future research into biological and chemical control of Rhizoctonia species.

Aimed to know the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, white fungus waste, and nano fertilizer on the pyrophosphatase enzyme, growth characteristics, and yield of stevia plants. The bacterial vaccine represented the first factor. It was added at two levels: B0 (without inoculum) and B1 (injecting 2 ml of liquid bio-inoculum represented by P. aeruginosa). The second factor was adding white fungus waste at three levels defined by Ab0 (without adding white mushroom waste), Ab1 (adding white mushroom waste at level 5 tons/h), and Ab2 (adding white mushroom waste at level 10 tons/h). Nano fertilizer was added as a third factor at four levels: N0 (without adding nano fertilizer), N1 (adding 4 kg/h of nano zinc), N2 (adding 2 kg/h of nano boron), and N3 (adding a mixture of 1 kg/h of nano boron + 2 kg/h of nano zinc). The triple combination B1Ab1N3 achieved a significant superiority in the activity of the pyrophosphatase enzyme in the first and second harvests and recorded (260.67 and 166.00) µg PO4-3-P/g soil 5/h, respectively, compared to the treatment without addition, which recorded (55.00 and 44.67) µg PO4-3-P/g soil 5/h, respectively. In contrast, the triple combination B1Ab2N3 achieved the highest growth and yield characteristics of the stevia plant and recorded the highest rate of plant height, dry weight of leaves and total yield, and recorded 83.90 and 76.00 cm/plant, 61.7 and 53.0 g/plant, 4933 and 4240 kg/h, respectively, compared to the treatment without addition, which recorded 68.98 and 60.63 cm/plant, 44.6 and 38.1 g/plant, 3563 and 3050 kg/h respectively.

The key factor in durian fruit trading is ripeness. Several studies have been conducted on non-destructive durian maturity classification using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. However, most of these studies manually determined the most accurate measurement position, which was the durian's main fertile lobe center. This research aims to automate the stage of detecting this position of the durian by using UNet segmentation method, which leverages differences in rind texture between the center of the main fertile lobe and other areas (lobe grooves and stems), prior to conducting NIR measurements. The rough and non-uniform surface of the durian rind presents a significant challenge for segmentation. However, the large size of the durian spines in the main fertile lobe serves as an identification characteristic for the segmentation model. This study uses the Ri-6 durian in Vietnam as the samples for the experiment. The model was developed using three architectures: Unet, Attention-Unet and Attention-Residual Unet. According to the analysis results on test set, Unet, Attention-Unet and Attention-Residual Unet algorithms achieved %accuracy of 78.22%, 81.34%, 82.89% and %intersection over union of 79.49%, 80.47%, 80.72%, respectively. After that, the model was further enhanced using the test time augmentation algorithm, improving the %accuracy to 85.24%, 85.68%, 86.85% and %IoU to 81.65%, 82.03% and 83.12%. Among the three architectures, the Attention-Residual-Unet model demonstrated the highest efficiency in detecting the center of the durian’s main fertile lobe for non-destructive durian maturity classification. This method can be applied to the development of an automatic durian’s maturity classification machine, which would save time and improve economic efficiency.

This study analyzes the potential of 12 seeds from the Peruvian region as by-products of fruit processing, presenting them as a sustainable alternative for waste reduction and the valorization of bioactive compounds. It highlights their chemical composition and the role they can play in recovering bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and functional properties. The study explores the possibility of utilizing fruit by-products in various industrial sectors, such as food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, thereby contributing to the circular economy and a more sustainable management of natural resources. The review emphasizes the importance of addressing challenges such as the presence of antinutrients and contaminants, as well as evaluating processing methods that can reduce these compounds, highlighting the need to ensure their safety for consumption and their viability in different sectors, including food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

The implementation of renewable energy is a viable option to reduce the use of fossil fuels and polluting emissions. Biomass is an excellent renewable energy source and is cleaner than coal. It can be obtained from organic inputs such as wood and agricultural waste and, if used sustainably, can meet the energy needs of various sectors. Densification is a technology with the potential to convert lignocellulosic waste into clean and sustainable solid biofuels. Densification involves compacting loose biomass particles using a mechanical press to produce sustainable solid biofuels with low pollutant content that are not dependent on fossil fuels. The important parameters during the manufacturing process are pressure, temperature, residence time in the press and shape of the briquettes. The production of briquettes imparts certain important properties to the briquettes, such as mechanical strength, density, combustion time and calorific quality. These properties depend on the raw material, binder and pressing process and are of utmost importance during transportation, handling and combustion of briquettes.  In accordance with the above, this paper analyzes and describes the properties of different agricultural residues used in the production of briquettes and their potential as a sustainable energy source, as well as the properties that must be evaluated to define the quality of the briquettes. One of the current and future challenges is to improve the processes for producing briquettes using residual biomass and, to the minimum extent possible, binders that favor their energy and mechanical properties.