Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Booke Review, Issue 13 (2022)

Research and Academic Works, Issue 13 (2022)

In Brazil, the Integrated Network of DNA Databases (RIBPG) and the Law 12.654/2012 enabled the comparison between information collected by several laboratories, contributing to the security institutions integration. Currently, the collection and insertion of genetic profiles of those investigated for crimes is authorized ("Suspect" category), since it has been required by Police Authority or Public Prosecutor and has been authorized by Judicial Authority. This article presents the evolution of matches between profiles obtained from crime scene traces and “Suspects” category, registered in the BNPG and BFPG since the implementation of these databases until 2021, march. Computacional tools ("CODIS" software, version 8.0, and files available in the internal computational network of the Forensic Genetics Department and in the Criminalistics System (SISCRIM), both of the Federal Police) and RIBPG’s reports provided the data to this work. The majority of suspect profiles were inserted by Federal Police, indicating that this practice is widespread in this institution rather than in the Civil Police. Furthermore, higher match rates were obtained for the BFPG in relation to the BNPG for the studied category. 

O trabalho apresentado traz uma revisão do uso dos Bancos de Perfis Genéticos como ferramenta na identificação de pessoas desaparecidas no Brasil e em outros países. O tema do desaparecimento é um problema que está presente em vários países e envolve questões sociais, políticas e de violência. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a utilização dos Bancos de Perfis Genéticos no Brasil e em outros países, abordando as legislações brasileiras a respeito dos temas desaparecimento e Bancos de Perfis Genéticos. No Brasil destaca-se o Decreto nº 7.950/2013 que instituiu o Banco Nacional de Perfis Genéticos e autorizou o uso deste para a identificação de pessoas desaparecidas. Ao longo destes 8 anos é nítido o crescimento número de perfis armazenados e alguns casos auxiliados pelo banco. O uso do Banco de Perfis Genéticos como ferramenta na busca de pessoas desaparecidas traz esperança, mesmo que a resolução deste problema não seja na maioria dos casos a esperada, que é a constatação da morte do ente querido, mas finaliza o processo de angústia e luto de quem vive a espera de seu retorno.

The economic and social changes caused by technological development affected private and public organizations that needed to adopt new strategies to enhance knowledge and innovation. Organizational creativity and innovation are part of the same process, and creativity is responsible for generating ideas that lead to better procedures, practices or products, a process that can be managed from leadership practices for innovation. For a better understanding of the phenomenon of innovation in the public sector, this research proposes, based on a study carried out at the Federal Police, to identify the constructs of innovation from the perspective of creativity and the influence of leadership to create a work environment conducive to innovation. This research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, with a predominantly qualitative approach. As for research techniques, narrative literature review and documental research were used. As a result, it was possible to identify the institutional recognition of the fundamental role of innovation in solving organizational problems and leadership aimed at stimulating creativity and knowledge sharing that result in a work environment conducive to innovation. Finally, the insertion of objectives, actions and strategic programs focused on innovation, such as the “Leadership PF” and “Innovation Laboratories” and the dissemination of the innovation results of the 1st Innovative Practices Contest at Federal Police inserts the  organization in the context of organizations that contribute to the consolidation of the innovation system in the Brazilian public service.

Innovation in ​​the area of Forensic Sciences is fundamental not only to assure efficiency and reliability to exams carried out in official criminal expertise sectors but also to pursue the technological development of criminality itself. In view of this, the objective of this work was to evaluate, using technological prospection, the panorama of Intellectual Property in the area of ​​Forensic Sciences in Brazil and abroad. For this, three research platforms were used (INPI, Espacenet, and Orbit Intelligence), combined with two successive approaches (broad research and specific research by area). The prospective study indicated the dominance of the United States and China in the registration of patent documents related to Forensic Sciences. In general, the current technological development in the area of ​​Forensic Sciences is mainly concentrated in areas related to Informatics, Electronics, Chemistry/Biochemistry, and Medicine/Health. At an international level, there was significant participation of official expert bodies in the registration of patentable technologies, although little registration/protection of technologies by criminal experts and/or official Brazilian expert bodies was identified.

El uso de sustancias psicoactivas acompaña la historia de la humanidad. Están controlados y penados en Brasil por la Ley 11.343/2006, también conocida como Ley de Drogas. Esta Ley indica los delitos y los documentos necesarios para probar la materialidad de las acciones. Es en este momento en que el derecho se encuentra con las ciencias naturales, pero también es el punto en el que pueden producirse distorsiones de la comprensión. En este trabajo se propuso evaluar la intersección de estas áreas desde el punto de vista de la Ley de Drogas. Se analizaron artículos y jurisprudencias a la luz de las ciencias naturales para intentar establecer un primer diálogo. Se observó que la literatura nacional carece de debates interdisciplinarios y este hecho puede fomentar la falta de diálogo entre los profesionales técnicos y jurídicos. Estos documentos también fueron evaluados para introducir la discusión sobre el fenómeno de las Nuevas Sustancias Psicoactivas y los desafíos que enfrenta la Ley de Drogas. Con los datos analizados, se ha comprendido que aún hay necesidad y espacio para el debate entre los profesionales del derecho y los de la ciencia para la mejor aplicación de la ley. La optimización de esta comunicación puede dar más seguridad jurídica en la evaluación de la Ley y ayudar a que no se vulnere ningún derecho humano.

L'enquête criminelle est présentée comme un processus de découverte d'éventuels crimes. L'action d'enquête au Brésil est menée par la police judiciaire, responsable de la collecte des preuves de matérialité criminelle et des preuves de paternité, les actes d'enquête étant présidés par le chef de la police. La figure du responsable des enquêtes criminelles, en plus des responsabilités liées au leadership et au rôle de leadership occupé dans la structure administrative de la police d'enquête, a pour mission de mener le processus d'enquête avec scientificité, rationalité et stratégie. L'adoption d'une logique dans les processus décisionnels liés aux pistes d'investigation (hypothèses initiales) à suivre déclenche la cadence des actes liés à la collecte d'informations sur la pratique de la délinquance. Le regard stratégique sur l'exécution des diligences implique la perspective que l'enquête pénale est un jeu d'intérêts entre acteurs (enquêteurs, victimes, témoins, enquêtés). Dans cette voie, la théorie des jeux se présente pour aider à la structuration de la pensée stratégique dans l'enquête criminelle, présentant des outils qui aident le décideur à réfléchir de manière rationnelle et planifiée. La structuration de la pensée scientifique dans l'enquête criminelle combinée à la notion de nécessité de planification stratégique sont des structures essentielles pour le développement d'une enquête criminelle efficace.

The paper studies the interoperability among intelligence agencies of the prosecutor office and the public security forces. It intends to stablish a compatibility between the control over the police activity that is performed by the prosecutor office, which can generate institutional antagonism, with the trustiness needed among the agencies and its actors involved in the intelligence. For this purpose, through bibliographic review, document analysis of the Brazilian legislation and case study, it examines the constitutional function of the prosecutor office and the control over the police. Then, it identifies the trustiness as a requirement for the cooperation in the intelligence among agencies. The study concludes that the Special Group of Organized Crime Combat and Intelligence Centers, headed by the prosecutor office, generates trustiness, which allows technical interoperability between those responsible for public safety.

O presente artigo analisa as questões jurídicas sobre como a atividade de inteligência de segurança pública se desenvolve no país em relação ao desempenho do mister constitucional das Polícias Militares. O trabalho trará questões eminentemente teóricas num primeiro momento, e avançará, de modo pragmático, ao estudo da incidência da atividade de inteligência de segurança pública nos esforços operacionais realizados pelas Polícias Militares. O escopo é demonstrar se a atividade de inteligência, em especial a atividade de inteligência de segurança pública, consegue atender aos imperativos da instituição Polícia Militar afrente aos mandamentos constitucionais da preservação da ordem pública e da polícia ostensiva. O estudo proposto versará sobre o caso concreto, a partir das experiências produzidas e realizadas no Estado de Santa Catarina, para verificar a compreensão do tema sob o aspecto da subsunção legal e doutrinária. Ao perquirir a extensão das atribuições constitucionais da Polícia Militar, buscar-se-á entender o papel do Ministério Público nesta seara. Em última análise, verificar-se-á qual a interpretação do Poder Judiciário a respeito do tema.