Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: This article comprises the analysis of popular economy in public spaces, based on scenario planning, approaching it from a foresight perspective. Objective: The study aims to analyze the possible scenarios of popular economy derived from commerce in public spaces in a city of the Caquetá department (Colombia). Methodology: A mixed-design, descriptive-type investigation was carried out using the SEARCH method to achieve this. Results: The findings present three scenarios resulting from the development of popular economy in the territory: 1) social chaos and insecurity; 2) weakening of the economic and tourism potential; and 3) widening of the economic development gap compared to the national average. Conclusions: The study highlights the reasons that have led to considering popular economy as an issue to be addressed by national public management. Additionally, the main challenge for territorial entities is to define assertive solutions through public policies to reduce informality or, at the very least, improve the population's living conditions.

Introduction: Boards of directors are key to organizational performance. This study analyzes the composition of boards in non-financial Chilean companies between 2019 and 2022, focusing on the number of members, female participation, and professional diversity. Objective: To assess how these characteristics impact management practices and the strategic direction of organizations. Methodology: A statistical description and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between the variables and the company's value (Price to Book, Price to Sales, and EV to EBITDA). Results: The analysis shows an average of 7.9 members per board, low female participation, and a concentration in five professional areas. The number of members is positively related to the company's value in all cases. Female participation shows a negative relationship, while professional diversity has a positive impact in some cases, although not significant in others. Additionally, company size and indebtedness also influence company value. Conclusions: The number of board members positively impacts company value, while female participation and professional diversity show a less clear influence.

Introduction: This article examines gender differences in access to financing for microenterprises in Morona Canton, Ecuador, within the context of social and economic inequalities that impact business development. Objective: To determine how gender influences the likelihood of obtaining financing, identifying the specific barriers faced by women microentrepreneurs. Methodology: A non-experimental quantitative design was employed using a Logit model to analyze data collected through surveys of 351 microenterprises, considering variables such as gender, productive sector, education level, experience, profits, productivity, and expenses. Results: The analysis reveals that women are 23% less likely to access financing compared to men, as reflected by an odds ratio of 0.77. Furthermore, being a woman reduces the probability of obtaining credit by 1.54%. Variables such as productivity and the number of employees positively influence access to credit regardless of gender. Conclusions: Women microentrepreneurs face additional barriers to accessing financing, possibly associated with limitations in support networks and business experience. The results emphasize the need for inclusive financial policies that promote gender equity in financing access and strengthen the growth of women-led microenterprises.

Introduction: Risk management in the business environment has evolved significantly, but it still faces the challenge of having a unified and coherent risk classification. This lack of homogeneity hinders the effective implementation of mitigation strategies and communication between different stakeholders. Objective: This research proposes a new way of classifying business risks, providing a novel theoretical framework for Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Methodology: An epistemological and praxeological contrast was carried out through an exhaustive review of the academic literature and current business practices in risk management. This analysis made it possible to identify factors of conceptual convergence and to unravel inconsistencies in the existing risk taxonomies. Results: It was determined that internal risks can be grouped into three key areas: strategic, financial and operational. The consequence should not be considered a classification variable, but a construct of several variables. Conclusions: The distinction between the scope of risk and its consequences allows for a more precise identification, evaluation and management. This proposal contributes to standardizing enterprise risk management, by distinguishing between the scope of risk and its consequences. This model improves risk identification and management, reduces conceptual ambiguity, and strengthens organizational capacity to deal with uncertainty.

Introduction: In Colombia, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operate in a volatile economic environment, which exposes them significantly to systematic risk. Therefore, it is crucial to have tools to evaluate their risk-adjusted financial performance. Objective: To analyze the viability of the Treynor index as a tool for measuring risk compensation in SMEs in the freight forwarding sector. Methodology: through a quantitative approach, financial data from 59 representative companies were examined, using regression models with fixed and random effects, as well as hypothesis testing. Results: the results indicate that, on average, the profitability of these SMEs does not adequately compensate the systematic risk to which they are exposed. However, it was found that the Treynor index can be adapted to the specific characteristics of the logistics sector, suggesting its usefulness as a risk management tool. Conclusion: Moving the use of the Treynor index from market finance to corporate finance constitutes a valid alternative to improve the financial competitiveness of Colombian logistics SMEs, by providing an objective way of evaluating the relationship between risk and profitability.

Introduction: Crowdfunding is a collective financing mechanism that democratizes access to capital, highlighting the need for new platforms to drive this constantly expanding sector. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the characteristics and strategies of twelve active platforms in the country to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that would guide the development of a portal focused on entrepreneurship and strengthen the national collaborative ecosystem. Methodology: A qualitative-descriptive approach was used through positioning analysis, social media management, business models, document review, and non-participant observation of digital interactions. Results: The ability to foster local communities and trust between creators and investors stands out. Weaknesses were detected in post-campaign advice, high costs, limited customization, and limited revenue diversification. Opportunities include international expansion, innovation in payment methods, public partnerships, and creator training. Threats include growing competition, mistrust due to failed projects, regulatory restrictions, and difficulty standing out; financial transparency remains crucial. Conclusions: Platforms should prioritize regional expansion, technological automation, user connection, and educational tools, integrating artificial intelligence and reputation to increase investor confidence and long-term sustainability.

Introduction: This reflection article presents an analysis of innovation with a social and responsible focus from the perspective of higher education. Objective: Likewise, it offers a reflection on the emerging concept of Responsible Social Innovation from the perspective of Higher Education, considering an interdisciplinary approach. Methodology: The research was conducted using a phenomenological design, employing qualitative techniques following an analytical and interdisciplinary approach. A reflection was carried out based on a systematic review of the literature, where theoretical foundations were identified to enable the reflection from the standpoint of Higher Education. Results: The findings show that Responsible Social Innovation is an evolving concept grounded in innovation and social responsibility theories. It also highlights how universities act as change agents, driving such innovations through the creation of startups, business models, and processes with a responsible orientation. Conclusions: The theoretical limitations of Responsible Social Innovation complicate the understanding of this approach. Contributions are needed to promote the generation of models and tools in the design of strategies with this perspective. Universities must design policies that promote innovations with this focus in order to address global issues.

Introduction: The integration of physical education professionals into the Colombian health system emerges as a key strategy for public health promotion. This research article explores the importance of integrating these professionals from a governance approach. Objective: The main objective is to examine the integration of physical education professionals within the Colombian health system from the perspective of governance. Methodology: A descriptive analysis and a documentary review were employed to explore the existing literature on integrating physical education professionals into the Colombian health system. Results: The results highlight the ability of these professionals to provide preventive and therapeutic interventions based on physical exercise, as well as their potential to promote a holistic approach to health. Additionally, the integration of physical education professionals into the health system requires a clear regulatory framework, effective coordination among the involved actors, and continuous evaluation of the impact of their interventions on public health. Conclusions: This research emphasizes the importance of addressing this issue from a governance perspective to achieve optimal results in health promotion and disease prevention.

Introduction: In the world there is a serious problem of hunger, malnutrition, food loss and waste, environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources. Objective: To identify food supply habits and some sustainable practices of consumers in Toluca, State of Mexico. Methodology: The field research method used was the survey; a questionnaire was designed as an instrument and applied in the municipality of Toluca to a convenience sample of 281 adults, in the months of September and October 2023 in markets, tianguis and supermarkets. Results: Family spending on food is high; food acquisition and preparation is still a female activity; food is based on vegetables, cereals, meats, eggs; most of them check the refrigerator and pantry before going shopping, and make a shopping list of food before acquiring it. Conclusion: some food supply habits, the profile of responsible and non-responsible consumers were known; food is healthy and responsible food consumption is practiced.

Introduction: This article identifies sustainable practices in cocoa farming, in the new scenarios of voluntary certifications and the circular economy. Objective: The main objective is to analyse and synthesise the sustainable strategies and approaches implemented in the cocoa value chain. Methodology: The PRISMA protocol was applied, which was used to define the 45 documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases that were part of the systematic literature review with a publication range between 2016 and 2024. Results: Agroforestry widely emerges as the main production strategy to minimise the overall environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with cocoa production. Sustainable practices focus on production and governance aspects. Conclusions: In relation to sustainability standards, there is a transition from voluntary approaches to stricter regulations within the value chain that force cocoa producers to adopt sustainable investment decisions, which not only comply with environmental and labour standards, but also generate long-term benefits.