Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The republican interpretation of Hermann Heller’s work has aroused the interest of many specialists in recent years. However, the specialized literature shows both a methodological and a philosophical-political deficiency. While the former is expressed in the limited attention paid to the context of discussions on republicanism in Weimar Republic, the latter can be seen in the lack of theoretical depth given to the concept of republic. To overcome this double deficit, in this article, it is claimed that Heller argued for a democratic republicanism that differed from the predominant conceptions of his time, in particula, from the so-called “Vernunftrepublikanismus”. With this, he sought, within the framework of a constitution that represented a new institutional and legal framework, to lay the foundations for the political coexistence of a society that had been profoundly transformed by its military defeat.

In this article, I offer an account of the concept mode-of-being that aims to define the central role that this notion plays in Heidegger’s ontology and clarify the underlying reasons of what I call the Heideggerian meta-philosophical thesis of ontological pluralism. To do so, I examine two contrasting interpretations of the notion of mode-of-being: the first one considers modes-of-being as categories of Dasein’s understanding-of-being that enable the interpretation of the ontic world of entities that is independent of the Dasein ways of understanding it. In this view a single entity can be discovered in more than one mode-of-being. By contrast, the second position considers modes-of-being as categories that metaphysically distinguish different kind of entities, so that a single entity cannot have more than one mode-of-being. Finally, I briefly sketch my proposal, which conceives modes-of-being in terms of the intrinsic ontological possibility of the entity, which manifests itself in Dasein’s understanding-of-being. I frame this discussion within the debate between a monistic ontological conception—which Heidegger criticizes and attributes to the tradition—and an ontological pluralism of modes-of-being, which I attribute to Heidegger.

In 2019, a British inventor applied for a patent for an inclined toilet that sought to be uncomfortable for its users. Despite the controversy it created, the case has not produced any academic reflection so far. The aim of this article is twofold: on the one hand, it analyses the morality of these types of inventions; on the other hand, it discusses the commitment that patent systems have with certain moral values, such as human dignity or public order. Regarding the first aim, we conclude that, in inventions such as these toilets, the risks clearly outweigh the benefits. Consequently, we argue that patent systems do not have the appropriate tools to face immoral inventions. This is because the patent system is not concerned with the use nor the impact that inventions have, something that, we believe, may influence the very justification of these intellectual property regimes.

This article presents an ontological reading of suicide in Schopenhauer, Mainländer, and Nietzsche. For this purpose, it first outlines the conceptions of voluntary death held by these three philosophers. This allows us to then highlight the relationship between suicide and ontology, on the one hand, and to explore the connection between a stance in favor or against suicide and a monist or pluralist ontology, on the other. Throughout this discussion, the concepts of necessity, contingency, monism, and pluralism are used, either explicitly or implicitly. This is what allows a reading of suicide from an ontological perspective through these three authors.

In this paper, we propose an analysis of the section “The Ball” in Walter Benjamin’s The Metaphysics of Youth. In particular, we consider the reasons that led Benjamin to draw an image of dance, and we evaluate whether he confers a hierarchical role to philosophy. In this regard, we suggest that, based on artistic and intellectual sources which include dance, Benjamin refers to the latter in order to contribute to the cultural movement of Jugendbewegung. In addition, given that Benjamin is involved in the image of dance, we argue that he does not take the position of an objectifying spectator, but rather intends to showcase a movement of cultural reform through dance.

Some interpretations of the “death of God” are generalizations that disregard the meaning and sense of the phrase within the text, as well as the literary figures it resorts to and the place it occupies in a differentiated framework within Nietzsche’s philosophy. This paper argues that a contextual reading of this narrative opens up a complex framework of interpretation and thus explores the spectrum of meanings of the “death of God” expressed on different levels: first, in terms of the literature to which Nietzsche turned; second, as an author experimenting with philosophical theses that can be recognized in the formation process of the text; third, as a narrative that is itself immersed in the plurality of perspectives of the carrier of the message. On this basis, the paper answers the question of the extent to which the “death of God” reveals little-known elements of Nietzsche’s philosophy.

Monte Carlo-based simulations allow to model the acquisition of Nuclear Medicine images. The aim of this work is to determine if SIMIND MC code is capable of accurately simulating the 99mTc emission images acquired using a General Electric SPECT equipment, model Discovery NM 630. To this end, a gamma camera was computationally configured with the technical specifications of the equipment of interest and the quality controls of uniformity, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and maximum count rate were evaluated in the simulated gamma camera. Real and simulated uniformity values displayed percentage differences of 4.3% (UFOV) and 0.4% (CFOV) and the spatial resolution and extrinsic sensitivity values using a general-purpose collimator were of 4.6% and 2.6%, respectively. The work verified the veracity of the proposed computational model for its use as a clinical imaging simulator.

The drivers of land use change at various scales pose a threat to the stability of tropical ecosystems, af fecting both biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. These  changes  are  particularly  critical  in  areas  such  as  the Lower Usumacinta RiverBasin (LURB), a region of ecological and cultural value. In this context, our study aims to classify land cover and land use (LCLU) in the LURB using Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery. Two classification methods were employed: the ISODATA algorithm for unsupervised classification (USC) and the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithm for supervised classification (SC). The unsupervised classification grouped the pixels based on spectral distance, identifying four general classes: wetlands, anthropogenic activities, tree vegetation, and water bodies, with a moderate accuracy of 67% and a kappa index of 0.51. In contrast, the supervised classification, using 948 training points and auxiliary data derived from the Normalized Dif ference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), provided more detailed mapping, discriminating specific classes such as agriculture (41.46%), wetlands (21.17%), commercial forest plantations (4.09%), and urban areas (0.56%), achieving a kappa index of 0.90, validated with 330 ground control points. Our results show that the integration of NDVI and DEM data significantly improved spectral discrimination of tropical forest cover and wetlands, while the unsupervised classification exhibited limitations in dif ferentiating specific classes such as tropical forests, flooded forests, and oil palm plantations. Our findings highlight the importance of using up-to-date satellite imagery, along with auxiliary data and robust algorithms, to achieve more accurate LCLU classification, which is essential for land planning, natural resource management, and biodiversity conservation in the LURB.

Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that is most af fecting the agricultural sector and tomato cultivation in Mexico and the world. Some alternatives are being considered to counteract the ef fects of salinity, including the use of cation exchangers such as Si (Silicon). The present study aimed to evaluate the response in the germination process to the contribution of three doses of silicon, in dif ferent varieties of Solanum lycopersicum L. subjected to salt stress with NaCl. The study was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy of the Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, Mexico under laboratory conditions. The variables associated with the germination and seedling morphology of three varieties of S. lycopersicum L. were considered, which were evaluated by a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with four replications for a total of 27 treatments, resulting from the interaction between varieties. (Cherry, Floradade and Rio Grande), NaCl (0, 25 and 50 mM) and Si (0, 1 and 2 mM). It was obtained that the germination percentage is conditioned by the variety factor and that the fresh biomass and the germination rate (%) are af fected by the 3k interaction (P ≤ 0.001). The Principal Component Analysis showed that NaCl and Si constitute response modulators in fresh and dry biomass accumulation, and root and stem development in S. lycopersicum seedlings under salt stress. It is concluded that there is a dif ferential response in the manifestation of salt stress depending on the phenological state of the plant and variety of S. lycopersicum, verifying the mitigating ef fect of Si in the seedling stage, but not in germination and related variables and indices.

The use of biofertilizers made with native soil microorganisms has shown an ef fectiveness in agricultural production similar to that obtained with mineral fertilization. The objective of our research was to evaluate the ef fectiveness of dif ferent experimental inocula based on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (HMA) and native nitrogen-fixing bacteria on slender black beans in a greenhouse. The experiment was established in April 2023 with biological material extracted from irrigated and rainfed soils intended for the cultivation of slender black beans in SantaCruz Lachixolana, Santo Domingo Tlaltinango and Santiago Suchilquitongo, Oaxaca. The evaluation began eight days af ter germination, for eight weeks. For the evaluation of HMA ef fectiveness, the study variables were: RAS index (ratio dry aerial biomass (g)/dry root biomass (g)), relative height growth rate (TRCA, cm/week), rate relative growth in diameter (TRCD, mm/week), leaf area (AF, cm2) and mycorrhizal colonization (MIC, %). To evaluate the ef fectiveness of rhizobia, the variable nodules per plant (NOD, number) was added. The data were analyzed in the SAS version 9.4® sof tware, using an analysis of variance, Bartlett’s homogeneity tests, and separation of means with Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). The variables evaluated in the HMA inocula recorded highly significant statistical dif ferences between treatments (P ≤ 0.01), the rhizobia inocula evaluated showed highly significant dif ferences (P ≤ 0.01) for the NOD and AF variables. The use of inocula made with native HMA promotes an increase in TRCA, TRCD, AF and MIC by 43, 29, 66 and 60%, respectively, based on the control treatment. The use of rhizobia inocula used as biofertilizers increased the NOD values ​​from 7 to 43 nodules/plant and AF by 82%, both with regards to the control treatment.