Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Hydrological modeling requires precipitation data as a basic input since it represents the primary water source entering the hydrological system. These data are mainly obtained from weather stations, but in many cases, the number of stations is low, and may have missing data, leading to errors in modeling. With technological advances in remote sensing, freely accessible satellite precipitation data are gaining importance as a potential input for hydrological modeling. Thus, the objective of the present research is to evaluate two sources of precipitation data: weather stations and CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Center InfraRed Precipitaion Station) imagery. Both sources were compared across three basins with contrasting climates (arid, temperate, and tropical). The analysis was based on statistical measures, such as Spearman’s correlation coef ficient ρ (rho), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Wilcoxon test to detect correlations and statistical dif ferences. The results revealed a positive and significant correlation (P < 0.05) between both data sources across the three basins, though with variations depending on the climate type. The RMSE (< 21 mm) were recorded in temperate and arid regions, while in the tropical region, CHIRPS imagery underestimated precipitation. The greatest similarity (P > 0.05) between the two sources was found in the temperate region, which suggests that CHIRPS imagery is a viable alternative to weather stations for hydrological modeling, especially in temperate climate basins.

 The widespread use of gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) as nanocarriers has led to several studies in animal cells to evaluate their cytotoxic ef fects. In contrast, little is known about the impact of gold nanoparticles on photosynthesis and plant growth. In this work, we present a study on the physiological and morphological responses of bryophytes to Au-NPs prepared with dif ferent contents of polyethyleneimine (PEI) using Physcomitrium patens (P. patens) as a model system. Results are presented where Au-NPs without PEI induce the generation of larger gametophores. On the other hand, Au-NPs with a high concentration of PEI were found to be phytotoxic. In contrast, Au/PEI-NPs with a medium PEI concentration cause early stress, but plant cells can recover growth, greening and photosynthetic activity under these conditions. Finally, low concentrations of Au/PEI-NPs do not cause adverse ef fects on P. patens in terms of growth, gametophyte development, and photosystem II maximum quantum yield. Toxicity was closely related to the content of PEI. This study reveals for the first time the ef fects of Au-NPs and Au/PEI-NPs on bryophytes at dif ferent growth stages.

The present research investigated the phenotypic plasticity of pasture legumes subjected to salinity stress in a semi-controlled environment. Two salinity levels were tested (0.02 dS m-¹ and 10 dS m-¹) to assess their impact on aerial and root biomass accumulation, as well as histological characteristics and nitrogen, sodium, and potassium accumulation. Findings indicated a detrimental salinity ef fect on all measured traits in the legumes examined. Species such as Sesbania rostrata, Leucaena leucocephala, Clitoria ternatea, Centrosema pubescens, and Canavalia ensiformis notably exhibited significant phenotypic adaptability to salt stress across the parameters evaluated. Aerial and root dry matter, along with nitrogen accumulation, demonstrated the highest phenotypic plasticity indices in response to salinity. Additionally, the consistent sodium accumulation observed suggests that these species may employ sodium exclusion as a mechanism to cope with salt stress. Future research is warranted to explore photosynthesis and other growth stages, which would enhance understanding the phenotypic plasticity of these legumes under saline conditions.

The high temperatures to which the soil is exposed during a forest fire generate diverse ef fects that af fect soil quality. The present investigation analyzes the chemical properties of four land use systems of a Vertisol exposed to dif ferent burning intensities (205, 200, 400, 750 and 900 °C) with emphasis on the property of hydrophobicity. The determination of soil water repellency persistence was carried out through the water drop penetration time (WDPT) methodology, pH by the AS-23 method of the NOM-021-RECNAT-2000, organic matter (OM) by the Walkley and modified Black method and electrical conductivity (EC) by the 1:5 soil - water ratio method. The results indicate that the increase in temperature significantly decreased hydrophobicity in the four soil use systems; On the other hand, the hydrogen potential (pH) and EC showed an increase. These values are associated with the combustion of OM, which generated ash that contributes oxides, basic cations and substances of a hydrophilic nature.

The rice has economic relevance on a global scale, and the application of agrochemicals has a negative impact on soil fertility and the environment. The objective of the research was to evaluate P and K solubilizing, ındole-3-acetic acid producing and growth promoting bacteria in rice (Oryza sativa L). The work was carried out in the Molecular Microbiology laboratory of the Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Campus “La María”. A selection of nine rhizobacteria were isolated and molecularly characterized for IAA quantification and biochemical tests (N and K solubilization). The phytohormone-producing and nutrient solubilizing strains were applied and evaluated on root development in rice for 15 days. From the last experiment,  the  best  strain  was  chosen for cell multiplication in bioformulationsand application together with fertilizers in plants. The application of Enterobacter asburiae BA4-19, Pseudomonas protegens CHA0, Serratia Marcescens PM3-8 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BM2-12 had hiould be used to improve crop yield and productivity.gh relative ef ficiency in solubilization of K and P. At 72 h, A. calcoaceticus BMR 2-12 produced higher AIA (17.9 μg mL-1). P. protegens CHA0 increased radicle length (9.50 cm). BIO-IMPULSE + UREA and BIO-IMPULSE + UREA showed greater plant height and root length of (71.7 and 27.0 cm). The application of BIO-IMPULSE with fertilizer showed higher leaf color intensity. It is concluded that rhizobacterial bioformulates It is concluded that rhizobacterial bioformulates could be used to improve crop yield and productivity.

In recent years, the excessive use of chemical inputs in agriculture has generated negative environmental consequences, such as soil contamination and biodiversity loss, which has increased interest in ecological fertilization as a sustainable alternative. This study evaluates the ef fects of biofertilization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the initial growth of three economically important forest species in Ecuador: white guayacan (Cybistax donnell-smithii Rose), pachaco (Schizolobium parahybum),and laurel (Cordia alliodora). Variables such as mycorrhizal colonization, spore density in the soil, and plant growth in terms of height, diameter, and biomass were evaluated. The results showed that AMF treatments significantly increased mycorrhizal colonization and spore density compared to the control. The liquid inoculum obtained the best results, with 5.84% colonization in pachaco, 3.72% in laurel, and 3.12% in white guayacan. Additionally, spore density was higher in the liquid inoculum treatment, recording 163 spores in pachaco, 128 in white guayacan, and 112 in laurel. Plants treated with AMF also exhibited greater height, diameter, and biomass. Pachaco treated with liquid inoculum reached an average height of 156.6 cm, a diameter of 7.24 mm, and a fresh aerial biomass of 1411 g. However, limitations were identified related to the variability of response among species and the need for controlled conditions to maximize benefits. This study highlights the originality and value of using AMF as biofertilizers, demonstrating their potential to improve sustainability and ef ficiency in forest production. In conclusion, biofertilization with AMF can be an ef fective strategy to promote the growth and adaptation of forest species in nurseries, thus contributing to more sustainable and environmentally beneficial agricultural practices.

The cultivation of family gardens is crucial for producing fresh and high-quality food, with an emphasis on backyard agriculture in Mexico. The vegetable residues generated during the production and consumption of vegetables can be rich in nutrients and of fer opportunities for ef ficient use, such as in animal feed or biofertilizer production. This study evaluates nutrient levels in the rhizosphere of three key crops: broccoli, cabbage, and beet, and analyzes the distribution of Fe and Mg in plant organs. The study was conducted in Suchiapa, Chiapas, Mexico. Soil analysis was performed using a GEMHO-TY model multiparameter soil analyzer (China) before transplanting and again 60 days later to determine the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus  (P),  potassium (K),  pH,  electrical  conductivity,  and  temperature. Raisedbeds measuring 20 m in length, 0.4 m in width, and 0.25 m in height were established, and a drip irrigation system was installed. At the stage of physiological maturity, soil conditions and the nutrient composition of the species were determined by ICP-OES. Soil analysis revealed significant variations in temperature and electrical conductivity, as well as the identification of critical stages for NPK fertilization. Additionally, in terms of dry matter, a high magnesium content (12.81 mg g-¹) was found in beet leaves, as well as a high iron content (2.2 mg g-¹) in the roots of broccoli and cabbage, highlighting their potential as nutrient sources.

The rhizosphere is a vital environment where plants, soil, and microorganisms interact, including bacteria that promote plant growth. This study focuses on analyzing bacterial consortia associated with the rhizosphere of Echinopsis pachanoi to enhance the resilience of agricultural crops to various types of stress. Twelve rhizosphere samples of E. pachanoi were meticulously collected and processed in seven areas of the sierra region of Ecuador. At the Biology and Microbiology Laboratory of the Technical State University of Quevedo, growth assays were conducted with rice seeds inoculated with these bacteria, as well as salinity tolerance tests by modifying soil conditions with sodium chloride. The bacterial strains studied showed a decrease in growth under saline stress, with greater inhibition at higher NaCl concentrations,  although  some  strains tolerated  concentrations of up to 0.5 M NaCl. All bacterial strains significantly reduced ethylene production in the presence of NaCl, outperforming the controls without bacteria. Specifically, strains BL-15 and CA-01 exhibited a high capacity for 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) production, suggesting a considerable potential for promoting plant growth. These results highlight the potential of bacterial consortia as a sustainable agricultural strategy, of fering ecological alternatives to chemical fertilizers and improving overall agricultural productivity.

The advantages of constructed wetlands, such as their low cost of construction and operation, as well as the contribution of ecosystem services, give them a high potential to be used in wastewater treatment in developing countries; the search for new substrates is one of the ways to optimize these systems. In this sense, aged refuse, which are wastes from closed landfill cells, could be potentially favorable for this application since the physicochemical characteristics that have been reported forthese materials can contribute to the removal of compounds present in wastewater, In addition the presence of microorganisms adapted to the assimilation of pollutants can contribute to increase the ef ficiency of the system. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that aged refuses can contribute to plant development, which would allow the establishment of crops of commercial interest with greater requirements, such as ornamental plants. In this work, four mixtures of aged refuses and gravel (0/100 %, 25/75 %, 50/50 %, 75/25 %) were evaluated as substrate in subsurface wetlands with an ef fective operating volume of 45 liters planted with Canna sp. under a completely randomized design, which were carried out in triplicate. The results suggest that Canna sp. can develop adaptation mechanisms that allow it to survive in the operating conditions present in an artificial wetland; however, the presence and proportion of aged refuses positively influenced the plant development, significantly increasing biomass generation, flower production, and chlorophyll content; a response attributable to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content found in the aged refuses, as well as to its cation exchange capacity. However, proportions of aged refuse higher than 50 % negatively af fect the hydraulic behavior of the system.

The biodegradation of vulcanized rubber is an environmental challenge due to its high resistance to decomposition. This study evaluated the ability of three lignocellulolytic fungal strains (Phlebiopsis sp., Trametes sanguinea, and Trametes cingulata) to degrade tire powder in a liquid medium, selecting these strains for their prior ability to degrade toxic compounds such as xylene. The results highlighted Phlebiopsis sp. as the most ef fective strain, with a notable 43.163% reduction in rubber content in the treatment with 75% rubber and 25% PDB (T2). T. sanguinea also showed significant performance, with a 9.58% reduction in the same treatment. These results underscore the potential of these strains for rubber bioremediation, a material known for its environmental persistence.FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that both Phlebiopsis sp. and T. sanguinea caused structural modifications in the rubber, showing a decrease in signals associated with the functional groups of rubber and carbon black. This demonstrates that these fungi can alter the chemical structure of rubber, facilitating its degradation.This study highlights the importance of selecting specific strains for industrial bioremediation. Phlebiopsis sp. emerges as an up-and-coming option due to its high degradation capacity. T. sanguinea, although less ef fective, also presents considerable potential. These findings are crucial for developing ef fective strategies for managing rubber waste and suggest that future research should focus on optimizing cultivation conditions and exploring the enzymatic mechanisms of these strains.