Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The way in which political institutions are standardized within a State, and their influence on historical development, is the result of events that can generate paradigmatic changes. Based on this assertion, the research pursued the objective of analyzing the path dependence in national educational policy since the Liberal Revolution in Ecuador in 1895, focusing on secularism as an institution. The theory of public policy changes was used together with the theory of path dependence, which offers analytical inputs to reflect on the standardization and resistance of secularism over time. Together with the use of a qualitative approach and the systematic process tracing as a tool to reconstruct historical information, it is concluded that secularism is resistant but not impenetrable, which supposes traumas in sectoral policy to defend it, evidencing contrary expressions to dismiss it.

El presente artículo analiza la influencia de la formación universitaria del profesional contable en las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES). Se plantea que una educación contable de calidad, junto con el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias prácticas, son cruciales para el éxito en la gestión de las operaciones y las finanzas de este tipo de organizaciones. El objetivo es identificar el rol de la universidad en la formación contable para el desarrollo en las PYMES. Por ello, a través de un análisis documental cualitativo, se destaca la importancia de la formación universitaria en los contadores, la cual debe ir más allá de la revisión teórica, para que permita la actuación bajo pensamiento crítico en el desarrollo de experiencias reales de trabajo. Se evidencia en la investigación que, los planes de formación en contabilidad actuales no siempre están alineados con las necesidades específicas de este sector empresarial. En conclusión, una vez revisada la información se puede mencionar que los programas de estudio en el sector contable deben fortalecerse para que este sector empresarial sea más competitivo. 

Developing the analysis of origin denominations and geographical locations; as value-generating mechanisms for agricultural and handicraft products and their impact on trade strategies, is cover in this research study. In general, there are six identifiers in Ecuador and the level of implementation in which they are; as well as, the government's actions on improving the production and marketing; nationally and internationally, is focused by analyzing the technical assistance, financing and training to small producers; through public institutions such as MAG, Agrocalidad, Pro Ecuador, Ban Ecuador; among others, are part of this study. In analyzing the behavior of the international market, the United States was identified as Ecuador's main trading partner for non-oil products, with great potential for ecological, organic and sustainably sourced products. In this aspect, the objective of this research has been to analyze the impact of origin denominations (DO) and geographical indications (GI) in Ecuador, as a strategic tool to differentiate products in the market. The research is qualitative in nature. To obtain the data, the opinions of professionals in the area of study and the experience of people who have authorization to use the origin denomination were considered. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of promoting cultural, historical and territorial value and at the same time, fostering competitiveness in local and international markets.

This research analyzes the evolution of scientific production in green supply chains and sustainable practices through a bibliometric approach. Between 2012 and 2023, a steady growth in publications was observed, reaching more than 350 articles in 2023. This increase reflects a growing interest in integrating sustainability into supply chains, driven by academic advances and funding. However, a decrease in average citations from 2019 suggests a diversification in impact due to the high volume of recent publications that have not yet accumulated sufficient citations. The analysis highlights leading authors such as Wang Y, Manna S.K. and Sengal J. for their productivity, and Mangla SK and Sarkis J. as the most influential according to their H-index. By country, China and India lead in scientific output, albeit with predominantly national focuses. In contrast, countries such as the UK and Australia stand out for their international collaborations. The main themes revolve around sustainability, environmental management and green economy, with emerging concepts such as circular economy and emissions reduction. Collaborative networks and thematic clusters reveal a multidisciplinary approach that integrates sustainability, strategic decisions and economics. The findings suggest that current research is shaping innovative approaches to address environmental, social and economic challenges. This analysis underscores the importance of global synergies and the intersection between green economy and public policy for the development of more responsible and efficient supply chains.

The research work is focused on analyzing public environmental management and its impact on the conservation of protected areas in the canton of Tulcan. The conservation status of these spaces and how management influences their management was evaluated. The research was based on a qualitative approach through documentary analysis and interviews with experts, which allowed us to identify the deficient public management due to the lack of economic resources. Despite this, external funding has been sought, which has led to advances in conservation, such as the presence of park rangers and more effective planning. Coordination between the competent authorities has also been strengthened and awareness-raising projects on the importance of conservation have been promoted. However, civil society has pointed out that agreements have not been implemented or are unknown, and considers it essential to establish working groups with the authorities. Finally, the research concludes that, although some progress has been made, the work of public institutions is still insufficient and irregularities persist in the enforcement of environmental regulations, which affects the effectiveness of protected area management and conservation.

The study focuses on analyzing the perceived quality of drinking water service and its relationship with user satisfaction in the Julio Andrade parish, La Cofradía sector, located in the province of Carchi, Ecuador. From the perspective of quality management aimed at improving governance, the study adopts a quantitative approach and was conducted through surveys applied to users of the Water Administrative Board. It is descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. The results indicate a direct correlation of 0.804 between water quality and service satisfaction. Additionally, the social responsibility dimension is related to water quality with a coefficient of 0.946, and the communication dimension correlates with water quality at 0.916. It is concluded that the perceived quality of drinking water service is associated with the satisfaction of users of the La Cofradía Drinking Water Board. This research provides empirical evidence from the context of local water boards, which remain underexplored at the international level.

In the ecuadorian context, public policies for the development of entrepreneurship in the Popular and Solidarity Economy represent a crucial challenge. In this scenario, the Popular and Solidarity Economy plays a fundamental role by redistributing the surplus in favor of producers and by consolidating small businesses to achieve economies of scale and promote association and cooperation. To analyze this situation, a methodology with a cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative approach was used. The methodological design included a historical-conceptual analysis, complemented by a bibliometric and systematic analysis. This approach allowed us to collect information on public policies, their evolution and their impact on entrepreneurship within the Popular and Solidarity Economy. Among the main results, strengths stand out such as the favorable legal and institutional framework and the support programs of the Ecuadorian government towards entrepreneurs. However, weaknesses are also identified, such as the lack of articulation between the different institutions, the scarce entrepreneurial culture and the lack of specialized financing. In conclusion, although public policies offer an alternative for the most disadvantaged sectors through inclusive support in constitutions and legislation, it is anticipated that many ventures will not survive in the long term.

The experimental design using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement is widely used to measure production factors in pig farms. The main objective was to measure the primary effects of essential oils and their concentration on response variables: weight, weight gain, food consumption, and feed conversion in piglets. The methodology employs a quantitative, experimental, and correlational approach. The sample consisted of 32 experimental units, distributed across four treatments with eight repetitions each. The results highlight a significant increase in weekly weight starting from week 5 with 2% oregano oil, although there were no statistical differences in weight gain. It concludes that essential oils, especially oregano at 2%, significantly influence food consumption and conversion, demonstrating the utility of factorial design in pig research.

The agricultural market of coffee in Carchi represents an economically significant activity that impacts multiple aspects of the region. Consequently, the objective was set to "Analyze the agricultural market of coffee in Carchi." The descriptive methodology applied in this study allowed for an understanding of the supply and demand of coffee, as well as the identification of consumer preferences and existing business opportunities by conducting surveys in establishments located in the provinces of interest (Pichincha, Imbabura, and Carchi) and interviews with coffee producers involved in the "Entre Montañas" project. The obtained results indicate a growing demand for the product in the establishments, with several factors to consider such as existing suppliers, available machines for beverage preparation, limited knowledge of barista techniques, conducted organoleptic tests, and even the accompaniments and reasons for purchase. Notably, price affordability and the coffee's origin stand out as significant considerations for consumers. This presents a promising scenario for local producers. With a strategic approach and leveraging the region's strengths, opportunities for sustainable development in the coffee sector of Carchi can be generated.

This study proposes a demand prediction model based on artificial intelligence to optimize the supply chain of the pharmaceutical distributor Grupo Montalvo. The main objective is to improve the accuracy of medication demand forecasting using both statistical and machine learning models, including Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES), ARIMA, SARIMA, Holt-Winters, Random Forest, neural networks (NN), and LSTM. The models were evaluated using performance metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results showed that the neural network model (NN) performed the best, achieving an MSE of 8.10e-06, an RMSE of 0.0028, and an MAE of 0.0016. In comparison, the Random Forest model had an MSE of 2.04e+09 and an RMSE of 45232.60, indicating significantly lower performance. The LSTM model, on the other hand, displayed an extremely high MSE of 1.07e+21, suggesting the need for further adjustments. These findings highlight the superiority of neural networks in providing accurate demand predictions, contributing to more efficient supply chain decision-making and optimization.