Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: The research is framed in the political-social context referring to the right to freedom of worship, based on the legal status of Ecuador through a comparative analysis with the Constitution of the United States and Russia, taking as reference doctrinal aspects and theories that have of importance to the definitions of freedom, as well as the connection between religious freedom and Human Rights, from a universal perspective. Materials and methods: The analysis of article 66 numeral 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, court rulings, International Covenants of the United Nations on Human Rights and inherent constitutional regulations of each country was carried out, which allowed assessing the legal reality of Ecuador regarding freedom of worship. Results: On the other hand, the methodology was based on a qualitative research design approach, thus the analysis of judicial sentences provided verified information, determining that there are cases where the right to freedom of worship is violated, but that constitutional guarantees exist. to restore the affected right. Discussion: Freedom of conscience like freedom of religion are considered absolute rights. Conclusions: The judicial rulings allowed us to conclude that there are evidently cases of violation in the social and educational sphere regarding the right to freedom of worship in Ecuador, however, with the timely application of jurisdictional guarantees, direct and effective protection of the aforementioned right was provided. , compensating said violation caused by acts of defenselessness and discrimination.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to propose plastic graph techniques as a means to enhance fine motor skills in four-year-old children from the Juan Montalvo Fiscomisional Educational Unit in the city of Manta. Materials and methods: A mixed, descriptive approach was used. The data collection techniques used are the survey of teachers and the observation of children; For the survey, the instrument used was the questionnaire. The population consisted of 3 teachers and 20 children. Results: The results of the application of the instruments show that children present coordination problems in their movements and fine motor areas, and regarding the teaching staff, they make a scarce implementation of plastic graph techniques. Discussion: Graphoplastic techniques are very effective for the development of fine motor skills; For this reason, the need for teachers to develop fine motor skills in their students through activities carried out using the graphoplastic technique, using cutting and painting, allows children from 4 to 5 years to improve the movement of hands and fingers. Conclusions: The need to propose graphoplastic techniques as a mechanism to enhance fine motor skills in four-year-old children is inferred.

Introduction: In educational practice there are insufficiencies in the process of professional motivation towards pedagogical careers, this is affected by both the work of the school and the other socializing agencies with which it interacts. The article aims to socialize the results achieved in carrying out a system of tasks to contribute to the professional pedagogical motivation of the first year students of the Early Childhood Educator specialty. Materials and methods: For the diagnosis, 129 students and an intentional sample of 32 students were considered as the population because they are the ones with the most problems based on their motivation, using the following methods: observation and interview. Results: The results of the diagnosis carried out show that the students of the Early Childhood Educator specialty present low motivation towards learning, as well as the limitations of the teachers for the opportune educational orientation to these educational incidents. Discussion: Early Childhood Educator training is subject to continuous changes contextualized to the needs of today's society. Conclusions: The performance of some teachers was extended to other spheres of educational work, fundamentally to pedagogical research and educational guidance work in the center, for which some modifications were introduced in the entrance requirements.

This article assesses the issues concerning the ageing population in Takeo province and Kampot province, Cambodia, and the implications of the Cambodia National Ageing Policy (NAP) 2017-2030 in addressing those issues. By interviewing fifty randomly selected participants aged 60 and older, the findings revealed that the NAP 2017-2030 has not positively impacted the elderly population in Cambodia as it promised. The current generation of elderly Cambodians are Khmer Rouge conflict survivors and are financially insecure and rely on their adult children for financial support and caretaking. By closely examining the NAP 2017-2030 action plan, this study found many implications that led to slow progress and ineffectiveness. The paper concludes with a discussion on the significant issues concerning the ageing population in Cambodia today and the need for the Cambodian government to commit to implementing this ageing policy effectively.

In successful ageing, the social relationships of older people are essential, as is the feeling of usefulness. Senior volunteering brings these qualities together in a single activity and is directly related to the emotional, psychological and physical well-being of older people. The global pandemic of COVID-19 has widely affected all sectors of today's society. This research investigates the consequences that the pandemic has had on the lives of senior volunteers, as this demographic cohort has been doubly affected. The methodology used in this research was qualitative. Two focus groups were conducted, with seven participants each, from different volunteer organisations across Extremadura, using the ZOOM platform. The analysis of the data shows how senior volunteers and beneficiaries have suffered and continue to suffer from the effects of the pandemic. They have been forced to adapt to new regulations and situations, which has had an impact on their activities and probably also on their physical and emotional well-being. Key words: Older people, senior volunteering, active ageing, old age, COVID-19.

Poland is one of the European Union Member States ageing the fastest. This dynamic demographic situation calls for an effective ageing policy and law that help to reduce or prevent ageism, which pushes older individuals outside of mainstream society. This paper investigates how ageism is currently being addressed in Polish law and ageing policy and indicates gaps and deficiencies in this area. The research focuses on selected samples of the most recent instruments focused on older persons, including those related to local governments, as they are closest to older residents. The author argues that introducing older persons' issues into the legal agenda and various social strategies is insufficient to bring about the authentic inclusion of older persons into mainstream society without applying a human rights-based approach to ageing and understanding various aspects of ageism. In the author's opinion, the effective ageing policy cannot be considered in isolation from the overall condition of democratic institutions and international human rights law.  

Elder abuse is a central concern in Canada’s aging population. Our qualitative findings from a mixed methods study on risk factors for elder abuse in Toronto Arabic-speaking immigrant communities identified key risk factors that make these older adults vulnerable to elder abuse. These factors intersect at the individual (e.g., language barrier), community (e.g., discrimination), and societal (e.g., lack of access to employment) levels. The results can inform strategies to mitigate elder abuse in Arabic-speaking communities.

The issue of protecting the rights of minors is undoubtedly relevant. There is a tendency in society when the employment of minors in the labor market is growing. The purpose of the article is to analyze the theory and practice of legal regulation of labor of minors under Ukrainian and international law and to find the optimal solution to the problematic issues that exist in this area. The article deals with the legal features of the work of minors at the national and international levels. Universal international legal acts enshrine the fundamentals of protection of the rights of minors from forced labor and oblige states to set a minimum age for employment and prohibit minors from holding certain positions. National legislation extends the norms on the work of minors in accordance with their labor market, clarifies and expands the rights of minors and the employment procedure. Despite the fact that the rights of child workers are clearly regulated, the state should eliminate certain shortcomings to ensure the rights and freedoms of this group of workers. The authors conclude that the term "light work" needs to be clarified, and a detailed classification of child workers depending on their age and state benefits is necessary. It is necessary to take educational measures to inform minors about their rights in the field of employment, and to develop a simplified mechanism for the protection of their rights. Scientific work can contribute to consolidate Ukraine's international relations with that of other countries in terms of developing bilateral relations to protect the rights of underage workers.

In 1975, with Decree No. 31, the Federal Military Government of Nigeria established the Public Complaints Commission as the country’s ombudsman institution. Charging it with the responsibility for protecting the citizen’s rights in the administration, Decree No. 31 was an enabling law to the 1974 report of the Public Service Review Panel instituted by the Military Government in 1974 to appraise and revamp the country’s public service. Following Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999, the Commission’s establishment law became known as the Public Complaints Commission Act, CAP P37 of Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004, which sustains its existence and operation in the present Fourth Republic. Notwithstanding, the Commission’s performance has largely remained unsatisfactory for being unable to effectively deliver on its statutory mandate. This conceptual study, therefore, investigates the main factors accounting for the ineffectiveness of the Nigerian ombudsman institution. The study relies on qualitative data generated from secondary sources, which was analyzed using the thematic analysis technique of qualitative data analysis. The work finds that, among other issues, the lack of independence and legal capacity to punish offenders, are the key impediments to the effectiveness of the Commission. The study thus recommends, among other things, the amendment of the Commission’s establishment Act to grant the institution independence from the executive and legislative arms of the Nigerian Federal Government and confer on it punitive powers, as workable measures for repositioning the nation’s ombudsman institution for improved performance.

Being in non-dominant position and forming one of the largest ethnic groups numerically in Türkiye (previously Turkey), Kurds constitute an ethnic minority. The main argument of this article is that neglecting and disrespecting the cultural rights (CRs) of this group has led to transformation of a social challenge to a political one which ultimately resulted in a security challenge through an armed movement by P.K.K. in the 1980s. Employing a descriptive-analytical method to analyse the content, the present article aims at investigating the necessity of, challenges to and solutions for ensuring CRs of Kurdish minority. It appears that ensuring the cultural rights of Kurdish minority in Türkiye is a pressing necessity particularly for preserving cultural diversity as the common heritage of humanity and maintaining national, regional and international peace and security. Furthermore, the main challenges with which ensuring CRs of Kurds in Türkiye is facing are weak international belief in cultural rights, lack of sufficient national and international monitoring bodies and effective enforcing mechanisms, and dominance of Kemalism as the founding ideology of Republic of Türkiye. Accordingly, the solutions for eliminating these challenges can be strengthening the foundations and developing the sources of cultural rights of ethnic minorities, activating the national and international monitoring bodies and criminalising certain examples of violations of cultural rights and predicting effective sanctions. No article has been written on the necessity of, challenges to and solutions for ensuring the CRs of Kurdish minority in Türkiye in a single piece. Addressing these factors from the perspective of CRs as human rights, this article contributes in filling the existing gap in literature in this regard.