Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In this article, the author examines the right to operate under road infrastructure concessions in Peru within the context of Public-Private Partnerships. He analyzes how this right, primarily exercised through toll collection, is essential to the economic equilibrium of concession projects.The author also discusses the problems that arise when the Government violates the operational rights, whether through political or legislative decisions. The author highlights the legal and contractual implications of these violations, including claims for non-compliance and compensation mechanisms, with a focus on legal certainty and investment protection. 

This article analyzes the regulatory evolution and regulatory challenges associated with the implementation of Complementary Services in the Peruvian electricity sector, in the context of the recent modification of Law 28832 and taking into account the Chilean comparative experience.In such manner, the current conditions of the regulatory framework and the need to introduce incentives that promote the participation of new actors are examined, especially given the increase in the penetration of intermittent renewable energies.

The trajectory of 5G in Peru reveals a significant delay. In this article, the autor reviews the regulatory evolution from the initial trials to direct spectrum allocation mechanism, highlighting its role in expediting the deployment of advanced networks. The analysis of policies, obstacles, and essential conditions –investments, spectrum reordering, and regulatory commitments– concludes that 5G’s success hinges on decisions that secure contiguous spectrum and drive digital transformation.

The article analyzes the user complaint procedure in regulated sectors, highlighting its importance in the economy and the protection of consumer rights. It examines the dispute resolution function recognized for regulatory agencies, as well as the general regulatory framework applicable to Osiptel, Osinergmin, Sunass, and Sutran, in order to understand its legal-administrative nature.Based on this, key issues are discussed, such as the trilateral configuration of the procedure, the debate on whether concessionary companies can be considered part of the Public Administration when resolving complaints, and the limitations in provides a basis for reflecting on the regulatory and procedural challenges in ensuring effective protection of users’ rights in public services.

This article presents a comparative analysis of two models of state regulation: The traditional ‘command and control’ approach, focused on the imposition of sanctions, and the responsive approach, which advocates for a more flexible system based on cooperation, persuasion, and the use of incentives to promote regulatory compliance. Through this comparison, the authors reflect on which model may lead to a more effective and context-appropriate regulatory framework.In this context, the article examines the incentive regimes implemented by the Peruvian regulatory agencies OSITRAN and OEFA, assessing whether they align with the principles of responsive regulation. It analyzes how these mechanisms have been designed, the extent to which they have been implemented in practice, and the key challenges they face in becoming effective tools within the Peru’s regulatory system.

This roundtable examines one of the central debates in contemporary public law: the relationship between economic administrative law, regulation, and the possible existence of a “regulatory law” as an autonomous branch.One position maintains that no such conceptual distinction exists, as regulation is a multidisciplinary phenomenon whose legal application is carried out through the proper techniques to administrative law. In contrast, another view offers a more nuanced interpretation. It distinguishes between economic administrative law as a legal discipline, and regulation as a specific technique of intervention applied to strategic sectors or those with structural failures.Based on this distinction, it is argued that although regulation is rooted in public law, it exhibits certain modulations that warrant independent consideration. The debate, without doubt, offers the reader a rich confrontation of ideas.

In the context of the evolution of regulation as a discipline, its characteristics that distinguish it from administrative law and the state’s police powers are explored. The main theoretical approaches to the regulatory process are addressed, such as public interest, interest groups, and institutional models. These models provide various explanations for the development of regulatory policies, which may vary depending on the context and circumstances.Additionally, in light of contemporary challenges, the responses of regulatory authorities to situations arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, digitalization, artificial intelligence (AI), and cryptocurrencies are analyzed. The most effective regulatory models for addressing these challenges are evaluated, highlighting the importance of  flexible and adaptive regulation in response to global risks. Finally, the need for future legal professionals to develop interdisciplinary skills is emphasized, as this will enable them to address regulatory complexities in an ever-changing world.

This article explores the tensions between innovation and democratic control in the regulation of artificial intelligence and Big Tech. While Europe adopts proactive regulatory frameworks like the Digital Markets Act, leveraging its tradition of legal sophistication, the United States maintains a reactive stance, relying on general principles and antitrust litigation. China, in turn, represents a distinct model of centralized governance. The discussion analyzes the limits of current legal tools –such as copyright, antitrust, and agency authority– while questioning whether traditional regulatory justifications remain valid in the digital era. The text also reflects on the ideological and political drivers behind current regulatory trends and raises the challenge of measuring Big Tech power beyond market metrics.

La paradoja la entendemos como una afirmación o situación que parece contraria a la lógica, pero que puede ser cierta o tener sentido tras una reflexión más profunda. En este articulo nos vamos a referir a la paradoja como una falta de interés hacia lo político, aun cuando el país en términos macroeconómicos ha mejorado considerablemente las condiciones económicas materiales. Los avances macroeconómicos no son equivalentes a los avances ciudadanos, si bien estos últimos tuvieron un giro ontológico en concebir al ciudadano sujeto de derechos de políticas públicas, desde la vuelta a la democracia, actualmente vivimos un proceso de desintegración de la institucionalidad, que provoca una crisis de legitimidad del Estado, la política y los patrones tradicionales de autoridad. Buscamos reflexionar sobre cómo comprender la desafección política, fenómeno presente en Chile, pero también presente en otros países de la región, diferenciándose a partir de sus variables internas. En Chile, durante la década de 1990 se cumplió el axioma de la convergencia económica liberal, lo cual profundizó la desigualdad, generando graves asimetrías de poder a la coaptado por el capitalismo financiero. Como dirá José Gabriel Palma, la mayoría de los chilenos están prisioneros de la “trampa del ingreso medio”, en empleos precarios, con bajos salarios y baja productividad a nivel nacional, lo cual obstaculiza el desarrollo y mantiene a los hogares con miembros que obtienen bajos salarios. En el siguiente ensayo, a partir de los dos recientes ensayos constituyentes fallidos que buscaban reformar el Estado, reflexionaremos sobre la situación de la política en Chile, en especial de la izquierda hoy en el poder.