Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between cultural identity and individualistic-collectivist orientation in a sample of 277 university students enrolled at a university located in southern Peru. Participant selection was performed using convenience probability sampling. The study follows a quantitative approach, with a basic purpose and a relational level of knowledge. The methodological design is non-experimental, descriptive-correlational, and cross-sectional. Data collection was performed using a survey technique using two instruments: the Individualism-Collectivism Scale developed by Soler and Díaz (2017) and the Cultural Identity Test developed by Vicuña Peri (1987), both adapted to the local context. The results show that 39.35% of participants presented a low level of cultural identity, while 36.82% reflected a high level of individualism. Likewise, a significant relationship was found between the variables studied, with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error.

La teoría de sistemas sociales de Luhmann proporciona un marco conceptual para comprender a nivel sistémico los criterios de inclusión étnica en la educación superior en Chile. Al aplicar esta teoría se destaca la interacción entre los sistemas sociales, especialmente entre el subsistema educativo y el político. De esta interacción, las políticas de acción afirmativa se desarrollan como comunicaciones de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se plantea que las organizaciones de educación superior, como sistemas autopoiéticos, responden a las demandas de inclusión étnica y social con sus propias decisiones y comunicaciones. Las tensiones entre estructuras internas y presiones externas en las organizaciones configuran el rol de las políticas de inclusión en la movilidad social y en la reproducción de mecanismos de desigualdad. Finalmente, se  revisan las limitaciones de este marco teórico y la función del análisis teórico-conceptual para futuras investigaciones empíricas con mayor profundidad y alcance comparativo.

Migration in southern Peru is determined by a cross-border socioeconomic context that involves Peru, Chile, and Bolivia. This research analyzes academic literature on how southern Peruvian and foreign populations participate in migratory and commercial dynamics within regions characterized by their border condition. An analytical review of academic literature published between 2011-2023 on migratory processes occurring between 1990-2020 was conducted using platforms such as Google Scholar and Scielo. The analysis was structured around three thematic axes: configuration of cross-border migratory networks, articulation between commercial activities and population mobility, and identity construction processes of different migrant groups. The results show that cross-border commercial activity constitutes a persistent historical factor since colonial times, reconfigured after the War of the Pacific and transformed by Andean migrations since the mid-20th century and Venezuelan migrations in the 21st century. These dynamics have generated significant transformations in the commercial, demographic, and identity structure in cities such as Tacna and Arica, consolidating a cross-border space where commercial practices transcend geopolitical boundaries and articulate complex social networks.

This article seeks to analyze legal pluralism from its substantive and original nature, demonstrating its validity as a normative system that reconciles the hegemonic needs of state constructs with those of intermediate or larger collective groups, primarily with respect to indigenous peoples. Precisely on this last point, legal pluralism, from the epistemology of law, responds to an intrinsic and living need of these peoples to perpetuate their knowledge and ancestry in the construction of their own legal systems, validated within their communities, which reflect customs and practices inherited from generation to generation. The scope of this assertion allows us to see a legitimate way to substantiate that legal pluralism should be a de facto reality in Latin American constitutions, where the indigenous population component is significant but still relatively marginalized in national discussion spaces. The case of Arica and Parinacota in the far north of Chile is cited as an example.

This article analyzes the ethnoclassifications of medicinal plants made by the taote in Rapa Nui. From this perspective, multivocality plays a fundamental role in the creation of this research. Through a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews and ethnographic records, it examines how the taote (local medical agents) organize and classify plants used in health-disease processes from an emic taxonomy. Different hierarchical levels between plants 'tupuna' (sacred and ancestral), 'own', 'foreign', and 'contemporary' are identified, as well as residual categories (which are not plants but are included as therapeutic elements, such as seawater, mud, sand, stones (maea poro), among others that will be mentioned later).

This article presents the results of a qualitative research project with an ethnographic approach based on interviews and observation of the work of artisanal fishers in Casma, a small coastal town in northern Peru. It explores the worldview, work techniques, and the changes, difficulties, and challenges faced by this fishing community. The study reveals how fishers perceive the sea as a living entity governed by spiritual norms and ritual practices; Furthermore, the fishers' technical language reflects their experience and the intergenerational transmission of knowledge. All of this allows us to understand how these elements shape a local knowledge that articulates experience, tradition, and adaptation to changes in fishing activity. It also highlights the importance of documenting and valuing this local knowledge as part of intangible cultural heritage

The research examines the capital market and macroeconomic reactions of UN-12 countries before and after the Hamas-Israel conflict 2023. It based on differences in abnormal returns, return variability, trading volume, exchange rates, oil prices, and gold prices before and after the conflict using the event study method (-5, +5). Statistical tests applied paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (non-parametric test). The US, China, Saudi Arabia, and Indonesia markets simultaneously have differences in AR, return variability, and trading volume. Dollar value was relatively stable during the conflict. Oil price reaction was dominant in UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. Gold prices reacted in almost all markets. This research is limited to cross-country level, the results are considered homogeneous across all markets. Future research could investigate specific sectors and isolate external events to validate the results. Empirical results are important for policymakers and investors in decision-making against geopolitical risks. Investors turn to gold as a safe-haven asset during conflicts. This is the first study to examine the Hamas-Israel conflict 2023 on capital markets and macroeconomics across UN member.

La investigación denominada estrategias metodológicas y trabajo colaborativo en docentes de la Unidad Educativa “Eladio Roldós Barreiro”, Ecuador, 2021, tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación de las estrategias metodológicas con el trabajo colaborativo de los docentes de la dicha institución. La investigación planteó la hipótesis que afirmaba que las estrategias metodológicas se relacionan significativamente con el trabajo colaborativo de los docentes de la Unidad Educativa “Eladio Roldós Barreiro”, Ecuador, 2021. El estudio fue de tipo básico, con enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, nivel correlacional asociativo, de diseño no experimental. La muestra correspondió a 61 docentes, desarrolló la técnica de la encuesta, se validaron dos cuestionarios con respuestas de escala ordinal por tres expertos en el tema.  Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó el software spss, obteniendo un coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach de 0,959 para la variable estrategias metodológicas y de 0,939 para la variable trabajo colaborativo. Los resultados de la tabla 5 explican que existe una correlación positiva moderada (Rho de Spearman 0,558) entre las variables, la significancia o p valor de 0,000 muestra que se comprueba la hipótesis de la investigación. Se concluye que el 100% de los docentes opinan que tanto las estrategias metodológicas como el trabajo colaborativo se sitúan en un nivel alto (tabla 1).

La presente investigación titulada “Estrategias de enseñanza y su influencia en aprendizaje de docentes de la Unidad Educativa “Alexander Von Humboldt”, Ecuador, 2021” tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de las estrategias de enseñanza en aprendizaje de docentes de la Institución antes mencionada. La investigación planteó la hipótesis que afirmaba que las estrategias de enseñanza influyen significativamente en el aprendizaje. El estudio es no experimental, con un diseño correlacional causal explicativo, con una metodología de tipo básica cuantitativo, la muestra fue de   85 docentes, se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta, además se realizó la validación de dos cuestionarios conformado de 60 ítems con respuestas de escala ordinal. Además, se utilizó el software SPSS versión 22, que sirvió para procesar la información. Los resultados obtenidos en la (tabla 6) evidenciaron que de acuerdo a los valores de sig. 0,000 y rho de Spearman 0,708 alcanzados, por lo tanto, se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se aprueba la hipótesis de la investigación. En conclusión, se permite afirmar que existe una relación significativa entre las variables estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje de docentes de la Unidad Educativa “Alexander Von Humboldt”.