Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La actual pandemia tuvo un gran impacto en la salud mundial, asimismo afectó de gran manera a la educación médica que tuvo que trasladarse a la modalidad no presencial, lo que limitó el contacto hospitalario con pacientes, instituciones de salud y campus universitarios. A raíz de ello, la producción científica en educación médica se incrementó. Por ello, la investigación se propuso describir las características de los 100 artículos más citados en Scopus sobre educación médica y COVID-19, durante el período 2020-2021. A través de un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de tipo bibliométrico, se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Scopus y se identificaron los 100 artículos más citados del área de educación médica y del COVID-19 en el período seleccionado. Los 100 artículos incluidos fueron citados 6616 veces. Se encontró que el tipo de publicación más frecuente fue el artículo original (64 %). El país que más contribuyó fue Estados Unidos con 37 publicaciones. Además, la Universidad de Pensilvania y la Escuela de Medicina de Harvard fueron las instituciones que contribuyeron con más publicaciones. Se concluye que, debido a la pandemia, la investigación en la educación médica está tomando mayor atención y muestra de ello es el incremento en las métricas. Este estudio servirá para reconocer las tendencias de investigación y lagunas en el conocimiento.

La pandemia ocasionada por el SARS-CoV-2 aceleró el tiempo de revisión y aceptación de manuscritos, aumentó el libre acceso a la información publicada sobre el tema y popularizó los servidores de manuscritos, versiones preliminares o preprints. Es por ello que el objetivo del estudio se centró en evaluar las tendencias en la dinámica de las retractaciones y determinar patrones existentes entre las variables analizadas. Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico de artículos asociados con la pandemia, en el que se evaluaron las tendencias y dinámicas de 103 manuscritos retractados entre diciembre de 2019 y junio 2021. Con ello se evidenció una asociación positiva con un menor tiempo de revisión, como también con manuscritos publicados en revistas Q1 y Q2 de Scimago Journal Rank. Asimismo, el número de artículos retractados disminuyó nueve meses después de la declaratoria de pandemia. Si bien la pandemia impactó positivamente en el proceso de difusión de la información científica, las políticas editoriales deberían incluir mecanismos de control que persuadan a los autores acerca de comportamientos antiéticos.

La telemedicina, a través del uso de plataformas de videoconferencias por Internet, se encuentra cada vez más extendida en Chile, debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 y las restricciones para controlar el virus. El nutricionista no es ajeno a esta situación y ha tenido que modificar las consultas para dar respuesta a esta nueva realidad. Sin embargo, no existe suficiente información respecto al nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios de la telemedicina, que emplea este profesional. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la percepción de la satisfacción usuaria relacionada con las consultas nutricionales mediante la telemedicina, realizadas durante la pandemia. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se reclutaron 62 pacientes de Santiago de Chile, quienes fueron atendidos en una consulta nutricional por videoconferencia. Se diseñó un cuestionario online constituido por seis ítems para determinar la aceptabilidad de la consulta nutricional por telemedicina. El rol del nutricionista en la consulta nutricional por videoconferencia tuvo un grado de satisfacción superior al 70 %. El 62,9 % de los encuestados prefiere que la consulta nutricional sea combinada. Solo el 50 % señala que la plataforma de videoconferencia zoom favorece la relación nutricionista–paciente. La consulta nutricional por telemedicina permite controlar el estado nutricional del paciente sin necesidad de asistir de manera presencial, lo que mejora el acceso a la atención. Existe un nivel elevado de aceptación por parte de los pacientes que han recibido atención nutricional por telemedicina.

This article describes a territorial conflict between two ejidos, which dates back to the eighties, when the agrarian authorities created a second nucleus that was endowed with lands that had previously been assigned to the ejido of Kanxoc. In the wake of this conflict, an agrarian trial was initiated, which is still unresolved. Within this litigation, an anthropological expert opinion was requested by the ejido of Kanxoc to determine the ancestral possession that they have had as a Mayan community, and to clarify the historical process by which the same land surface was endowed twice. This text shows some reflections on the anthropological expertise from the role of activism in the defense of the territory.

Introduction: The world faces COVID-19, an emerging infectious disease of a pandemic nature, produced by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2; this pandemic constitutes a challenge for health systems, which requires improving their capacity to detect cases and the analysis of the information. It is necessary to know and answer questions that would lead to take appropriate behaviors to control it. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with the total of people confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the IPK and Havana from March to June 2020. Results and discussion: The mean age of 50.6 years and male sex were the most representative ones; 17.5% were health workers, and 44.4% had concomitant diseases. The symptomatic form of the infection prevailed, with cough and fever predominating. Asymptomatic infection in Havana represented 58%. There was a greater probability of presenting symptomatic forms of the infection in those over 60 years of age. Most of the primary infected cases did not transmit; 12 people behaved as super dispersers and there was less contagion capacity in asymptomatic patients. It is concluded that the knowledge about the impact that SARS-CoV-2 would have on Cuban health with the first cases diagnosed and its presentation at this stage helped timely decision-making.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been included in the List of Prohibited Substances for athletes since 1987, due to its ability to increase and stabilize the endogenous production of testosterone. The aims of this paper were to describe the justification for the use of the hormone for doping purposes, relate the main hormone detection tests with the standards established in the field of sports, and describe the strategy of the Havana Anti-Doping Laboratory (LAH), in the environment of current regulations.The LAH analysis strategy is based on a prescreening assay using a national production technology such as the Ultra-Micro Analytical System (SUMA), for the detection of the total fraction of the hormone. The quantification of the intact fraction is carried out by means of an electro chemiluminescent assay with the use of the Elecsys Cobas e411 analyzer from the German firm Roche.

Introduction: Resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Enterobacteriacea is mediated by extended spectrum β-lactamase enzymes. The main families of β-lactamase enzymes are CTX-M and SHV. E. coli and its genes are spread either by clonal spread or horizontal transfer through the food chain. Previous studies demonstrated in Cuba β-lactamase enzymes CTX-M types in human strains, but there are no data in animals. The objective was to characterize commensal E. coli- third generation cephalosporins in healthy poultry and pigs.Methods: Cloacal exudates (434) were collected from birds (2013-2015) in Mayabeque and 215 rectals from pigs in western farms and slaughterhouses in (2016-2015). They were analyzed by molecular epidemiology techniques.Results: The presence of E. coli- third generation cephalosporins strains is reported in birds (62) and pigs (96). The variants blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15 were reported for the first time in Cuba in E.coli from birds and blaCTX-M-32, blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-55 in strains of pigs. The strains showed multi-resistance to other antibiotics tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, revealed high diversity, those of birds corresponded to 23 types of sequences and different groups of plasmid incompatibility. The pig strains had 16 types of sequences, in one of them the entire genome was sequenced and the location of the blaCTX-M-32 gene in an IncX1 plasmid was verified. Coincidentally, sequence types 410 (birds) and 648 (pigs) harboring blaCTX-M-15 are detected in human clinical strains. Conclusions: CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli strains are widespread in poultry and pig production facilities in the western region; active horizontal transfer seems to be the main route for the dissemination of blaCTX-M genes. It is suggested to review the use of antimicrobials in animals and to strengthen good hygiene practices to minimize the risk of propagation of E.coli third generation cephalosporins clones.

Introduction: The human neuroregulatory system is a complex nervous system composed of a heterogeneous group of nerve centres distributed along the spinal cord. These centres act autonomously, communicate through neural interconnections, and govern and regulate the behavior of organs in humans. For more than twenty years, the neuroregulatory system of the lower urinary tract has been studied, which controls the organs and systems involved in the urination process. Based on the study of the behavior and composition of the lower urinary tract, we have succeeded in isolating the centres involved in its functioning. The goal has been to understand the individual role played by each centre to create a general model of the neuroregulatory system capable of operating at the level of the nerve centre. Methods: The model has been created and formalized based on Multi-Agent Systems theory: each agent thus models the behaviour of a nerve centre. Its granularity opens up the possibility of acting at the level of the centre, of particular interest to treat dysfunctions. Results and discussion: The present study enriches this theoretical model with an architectural model that makes it suitable to implement in hardware. Based on this new model, we propose a System on Chip (SoC) design of a specific processor capable of performing a nerve centre’sfunctions.Although this processor can be entirely configured and programmed to adjust to the functioning of the different centres, the present work aimed at facilitating the understanding and validation of the proposal. We thus focused on the cortical-diencephalic centre, responsible for voluntary micturition. As conclusions, the research adopted an original approach with the aim of creating a configurable chip, capable of developing any neuroregulatory function, implantable in the body and being able to function in a coordinated way with the biological neuroregulator system.

Introduction: Biological medical factors underlying certain psychiatric illnesses and personality disorders contribute to the increased risk of certain types of violent behavior and affect the intensity of their expression and recurrence. The presence of brain dysfunction in violent offenders has been frequently examined from neuro-psycho-biological perspectives.The main goals of the present study were to identify alterations in brain function and anatomy in violent prisoners, especially those diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy.Methods. The study evaluated the quantitative EEG, current density source and synchronization likelihood analysis during the rest condition and structural MRI images to compare volumetric and cortical thickness, in inmates recruited from two prisons located in Havana City. The Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) was used as a quantitative measure of psychopathy.Results. This study showed most beta energy and less alpha activity in male psychopath offenders. LORETA signified an increase of beta activity in psychopath offender groups within paralimbic regions. There were no significant differences in brain volumes when comparing male inmates with and without psychopathy. Cortical thickness in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the temporal pole was negatively associated with PCL-R total score.Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that paralimbic areas play an important role in genesis of violent behavior

(Finlay prayer)