Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: This article examines the legislation that existed in the country during the early years of the twentieth century to criminalize drunkenness, as well as in the links between political and legal provisions with the registration of cases punished for drunkenness. The research is framed in the field of social history, particularly in the study of criminality.  Objective: To analyze state policies and security regulations to determine their influence on the registration of cases of drunkenness and liquor law infractions in Costa Rica during 1903-1925.  Method and technique: The methodological approach was of a mixed nature. First, the content of the current legal documentation on drunkenness was analyzed. Then, this information was contrasted with empirical data from the statistical yearbooks of INEC and the institutional reports of the Ministry of Government and Police to determine the effectiveness and application of the regulations on the regulation of drunkenness.  Results: The data on cases punished for drunkenness showed a significant increase after the creation of the liquor law and, mainly, after the issuance of an updated version of this regulation during the year 1907. Conclusions: The registration of cases punished for drunkenness obeyed to the political interests of the authorities to demonstrate that the new regulations implemented were being efficient.

Introduction: This article addresses zapatismo through its experiences of self-governance, as historical correlations between knowledge, power, and subjectivity (1994-2023). It encourages a critical exercise of thought that allows for the analysis of the processes of collective organization and zapatista struggle from a perspective of governmentality suggested by Foucault, intertwined with the ethnological references of Clastres, as well as the receptions of this by Viveiros de Castro, allowing us to think of power as technology, in a collective exercise of criticism. Objective: Framed in contemporary political philosophy, this article aims to outline an analytical framework that, from a strategic conception of power, allows for addressing the heterogeneous experiences and self-governance of the Zapatista National Liberation Army from a critical perspective of governmentality. Method: The method intertwines qualitative elements of analysis through a genealogical tracing of the effective history of the EZLN. From this, it is possible to identify the origins, the marks of history, and the multiple beginnings that configure the collective organization amidst continuous discontinuities. For this, historical archives and practical texts of the organization are retrieved, primarily using the official website and the written documents that reflect the reflections of the so-called Zapatista spokespeople as sources. [Continue reading in the article]

Introduction: Coins were scarce in Costa Rica from colonial times until the mid-twentieth century. The Mint of Costa Rica provisionally produced 25 cent coins (pesetas) that, according to the Decree of 1944, were made of brass (Cu + Zn + Sn), but appear with different colors suggesting other mixtures of metals. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the coins, their elemental composition and the circumstances leading to their minting. Methods: The diameters, weights, engravings, and main defects of 60 peseta coins were determined. The composition of four coins, of different colors, was also analyzed by means of a Scanning Electron Microscope with X-ray dispersion (SEM-EDX). Results: From the sample, 48 coins weighed less than what was (3.410 g) specified in the Decree, two agree with it and 10 were higher. The majority had a diameter of 23.5 mm. The SEM-EDX analysis detected the presence of copper (68 to 96 %), zinc (12 to 23 %), tin (0.61 to 2.0 %) and traces of lead. However, the percentages of metals varied. Dye fractures, double impressions, and dye clashes are frequent. [Continue reading in the article]

Antecedentes: El Angioedema Hereditario (AEH) se caracteriza por episodios de hinchazón a niveles cutáneo y submucoso, una crisis podría causar muerte por asfixia. Además, afecta la calidad de vida de las personas que la padecen. Existe una disparidad importante de medicamentos específicos para el AEH entre países, inclusive en nuestra misma región. En Perú donde no son viables estos tratamientos, se utiliza el Ácido Tranexámico (AT) para las Profilaxis de Largo y Corto Plazo (PLP / PCP), y para las crisis agudas de AEH. Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia con el tratamiento de AT en tres tipos de pacientes con AEH, para que pueda ser usada como referencia en otros países en los que aún no se cuenta con medicamentos específicos para la enfermedad. Reporte de caso: Paciente 1: Mujer de 49 años, AEH Tipo 1. Inició síntomas a los 12 años de edad. Diagnóstico definitivo a los 45 años. Actualmente, presenta crisis cada dos meses. Se le administran dosis de 2 g por IV de AT, cuando empieza crisis en cara, lengua y labios. Eventualmente ha necesitado entre 1 y 2 g por IV (después de cuatro horas), ella recibe PLP con AT (500 – 750 mg) cada 12 horas. Paciente 2: Mujer de 47 años, AEHnC1INH-FXII. Inició síntomas a los 19 años durante su primer embarazo. Diagnóstico definitivo a los 41 años. Ella mantiene PLP con AT (750 mg – 1,5 g) diariamente. Los ataques de vía respiratoria alta son tratados inmediatamente con AT cuando la crisis inicia, con dosis de 1 a 2 g por IV. Paciente 3: Mujer de 43 años, AEH-nC1INH-D. Estudio genético no detecta mutación en SERPING1, PLG1, ANGPT1, KNG1 y FXII. Inició síntomas a los 4 años. Diagnóstico definitivo a los 36 años. Al iniciar las crisis, se administra AT por VO, entre 500 a 750 mg/12 horas durante dos o tres días con aceptable respuesta y tolerancia a los episodios de AEH. Mientras las pacientes reciban dosis de mantenimiento de AT, entre 500 y 750 mg cada 8 o 12 horas, las crisis suelen ser de menor intensidad y se resuelven en menos días.  Conclusiones: En nuestros pacientes con AEH, hemos utilizado AT hasta 4 g vía intravenosa en un intervalo de cuatro horas (2 g - 2 g); para el control de crisis agudas, cuando la reacción está cediendo, prescribimos la dosis de mantenimiento, 1 g/8 h con disminución progresiva de la dosis en los días siguientes. El tratamiento con ácido tranexámico ha sido de utilidad en nuestros pacientes con los distintos tipos de AEH. La mayoría de ellos utilizan altas dosis de AT para disminuir lentamente las crisis agudas de AEH. Se puede administrar vía oral o intravenosa. Es un medicamento que puede ser de ayuda en países donde no se tiene registro de tratamientos específicos para la enfermedad. Las dosis de AT han sido bien toleradas y con una respuesta aceptable en las crisis de estos pacientes con AEH.

Introduction:Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease characterized by episodes of swelling, HAE crisis could cause death by suffocation, also affect the quality of life in these patients, In Perú there are 33 million inhabitants, according to the worldwide prevalence (1:50,000) it is estimated that there could be approximately 700 patients with HAE C1-Inhibitor.Our main objective is to report the registry of the HAE Peruvian patient’s association.Material and methods: We used the questionnaire of the Latin American HAE committee. Consent was requested from the patient’s association to report the data.Results: We report data of 63 patients, 51 Female, 12 Male, range age between 6 to 74 years. Nine under 18 years old, 5/9 between 6 to 13 years. Forty-five HAE C1-INH type I, 12 HAE-FXII, 5 HAE UNK, 1 AAE. Symptoms onset average age in 56/62 HAE patients was 16.8. In a group of 50/62 adult HAE patients the average diagnostic delay approximately was 19.3 years.Laboratory tests: we can perform C4 complement C1-inhibitor antigenic and functional tests.Treatments: The patients have access to tranexamic acid (TA) and attenuated androgens. We do not have registered specific long-term prophylaxis treatments. We used moderate/high doses of TA, in most patients up to 6 gr i.v./in 24 hours, we start with the treatment immediately the HAE acute crisis is beginning, it helps to the HAE attacks are less symptomatic, resolves in a few days and decrease the frequency. Conclusions: We present 63 members of the Association of Patients with Hereditary Angioedema of Perú. We have improved blood test for HAE diagnosis. Moderate and high doses of Tranexamic Acid are used for prophylaxis and acute crisis respectively, with acceptable response. No deaths have been reported due to HAE crisis in the patient's association.  

Background and objectives Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), being part of the group of spondyloarthritis (SpA), is significantly influenced by the different subtypes of human leukocyte antigens (HLA). There is little data in Colombia and Latin America, but heterogeneity secondary to miscegenation is evident. It has been previously reported that HLA B27 in this region ranges between 5-71% for patients with SpA, and in Brazil, PsA has a frequency of 27.3% positivity. The objective is to describe the HLA allelic frequency in PsA and correlate it with demographic and clinical variables. Methods Retrospective study of adult patients with a diagnosis of PsA (n=23) and healthy controls (n=46), all with a request for HLA-A, B, C, DR. Typing was performed using HLA-PCR/SSO LifeCodes and analyzed on the LUMINEX IS100/200 xMAP® system. (Ethics/Code HMC2022-014). Results One hundred thirty-eight alleles were included from 69 individuals, 43.5% women, aged 44.5±16.5 years in patients with PsA, with a mean age of disease onset of 33.4±14 years. Only 9.5% had a high Body Mass Index and dyslipidemia was the most frequent comorbidity (34.8%), followed by high blood pressure (26.1%). 82% debuted with skin manifestation and once the joint disease was established, the predominance was peripheral (74%) due to arthritis/arthralgia in 74%, enthesitis in 30% and dactylitis in 13%. The allele frequencies were for HLA*A 2402 (13%), 3201 (13%) and 2427 (8.7%), for HLA*B 1402 (17.4%), 4002 (17.4%), 3801 (13%) and HLA*DR 0404 (17.4%), 0407 (13%). No HLA*B27 was identified and HLA*C0602 was only 2.2%. HLA A*0201 and DR*1301 were less frequent in controls versus PsA (p=0.024 and 0.029, respectively), while HLA*B1302 was frequent in PsA (p=0.035). Conclusions Curiously, there were no positive results for HLAB*27, which may be related to the population mix. HLA Cw6 is traditionally associated with psoriasis. However, its absence has been linked to nail disorders and PsA; consequently, in our study, it had a low frequency (2.2%). On the other hand, HLA*B1302 has been related to the disease and its early onset; in the healthy Colombian population, it has been described in 0.92%; in our group, it is found to be significant in patients without establishing a clinical association. Few previous studies report HLA results in PsA in Colombia.

Antecedentes: Las variantes en genes del transporte de calcio intracelular han sido asociadas a inmunodeficiencias sindrómicas con un fenotipo IDCG. Reporte de caso: Niña de siete años, de padres no consanguíneos, en Cartagena-Colombia. A los dos meses de vida, presenta hematoquecia y se diagnostica con proctolitis alimentaria sin mejoría con restricción a leche, trigo y huevo, desarrollando desnutrición. A los ocho meses, una biopsia de colon muestra hiperplasia linfoide crónica, cursa con anemia, eosinofilia, pero IgE total y específica a alimentos normales. A los cuatro años, el Servicio de Inmunología la encuentra asintomática, recuperada nutricionalmente y sin sensibilización alérgica, pero persiste eosinofilia y calprotectina elevada, sugiriendo una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal de inicio temprano. Las inmunoglobulinas fueron normales, poblaciones linfocitarias con linfopenia CD3, CD4 y CD8. A los seis años, presenta dermatitis atópica, sigue con calprotectina elevada y linfopénica. El inmunofenotipo por citometría espectral mediante Cytek®cFluor®Immunoprofiling-Kit14, mostró linfopenia e inversión CD4/CD8. Los linfocitos T-vírgenes CD4+ y CD8+ estaban disminuidos, en cambio las poblaciones de memoria efectora T-CD8+CD45RA-CCR7- y T-CD8+CD45RA+CCR7– estaban expandidas. Los linfocitos T-CD4+ de memoria efectora y central, también estaban aumentados1 (Imagen 1). El exoma reveló una variante heterocigótica en el gen ITPR3 (padre portador), c.7571G>A, p.(Arg2524His); los predictores la clasifican como de potencial efecto deletéreo. Conclusiones: La clínica y el inmunofenotipo de esta variante candidata difiere de otras relacionadas con el transporte del calcio intracelular. Son necesarios estudios funcionales para validar su causalidad. Una paciente con una variante potencialmente deletérea, presenta un inmunofenotipo con linfopenia CD3 y activación persistente de los linfocitos.

Introduction: Cannabis has been the subject of research for the treatment of various diseases, including arthritis, epilepsy, and rotator cuff syndrome. Objective: To relate the topical use of cannabis as an analgesic therapeutic alternative in patients with some inflammatory diseases in Salud Social I.P.S during May to July 2023. Methodology: An analytical, retrospective study was carried out. The population from which the sample was obtained corresponds to patients diagnosed with Arthrosis, Unspecified, Non Toxic Multinodular Goiter, Epilepsy, Unspecified Type Venous Insufficiency (Chronic) (Peripheral), Unspecified Lumbago, Secondary Gonarthrosis, Rotator Cuff Syndrome, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, in Salud Social I.P.S of Barranquilla, Atlántico. A sample of 23 patients diagnosed with these pathologies was obtained by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Results and discussion: All patients showed pain relief after two months of follow-up, two experienced adverse effects. Some studies suggest that cannabinoids present in cannabis, such as CBD and THC, may have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties that could alleviate pain and inflammation associated with these conditions. This is consistent with the present study. Conclusion: Topical cannabis is presented as a therapeutic alternative in inflammatory diseases, however, it is important to highlight that research on the use of cannabis in these diseases is limited and more studies are needed to fully understand its effects and potential benefits.

. Objective: To analyze the phylogenetic relationships and molecular mimicry of Cit s 2 and other plant profilins. Methods: Online bioinformatics tools, including BLASTP, PRALINE, and MEGA, were used for multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis. A 3D homology model of Cit s 2 was predicted using MODELLER. The best model was selected based on the Maestro model scoring option. Conserved regions between Cit s 2 and other profilins were mapped onto the 3D model, and antigenic regions were predicted using the ElliPro server. Results: The amino acid sequence of Cit s 2 (Uniprot code: P84177) was compared with 30 other profilins from different allergenic sources. The highest identity was observed with Cucumis melo (99%), followed by Prunus persica (98%) and Malus domestica (92%). Highly conserved antigenic regions were observed in the predicted 3D model. Seven linear epitopes and six discontinuous epitopes were identified in Cit s 2. Conclusion: Highly conserved antigenic regions were observed in the predicted 3D model of Cit s 2, suggesting potential cross-reactivity between Cit s 2 and other profilins. Further studies are needed to analyze these findings in more detail.

Background and objectives The subclinical gastrointestinal inflammatory process has been described in a population with spondyloarthritis (SpA), with ileoscopy and histological findings (50-60%). The pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely known, nor is the existence of genetic risk factors such as HLA susceptibility. This study aimed to establish the association between HLA-A, B, DR genotypes and gastrointestinal variables in patients with SpA without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Retrospective study of 91 patients with SpA and 401 healthy controls, with typing by Illumina Sequencing/PacBio and LIFECODES HLA-PCR/SSO multiplex sequencing technology. The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms was evaluated by administering a survey, and those who presented 2 or more symptoms were taken for clinical evaluation by rheumatology and gastroenterology, colonoscopy and histopathological study. (Ethics committee approval HMC 2022-020). Results 59.3% of the patients were men, with a mean age of 43.9±11.4 years; 80.2% were classified as ankylosing spondylitis. 14, 28 and 19 genotypes for the HLA-A*, HLA-B* and HLA-DR* loci were identified in both groups, of which a relationship with gastrointestinal symptoms was identified: A*26, A*29 and B*27 were associated to abdominal pain, DRB1*11 and DRB1*16 with abdominal distention, A*30, B*38, DRB1*13 and DRB1*14 with weight loss, B*40 with diarrhea >4 weeks, and presence of mucus in the stools with A*02 and DRB1*11 (p<0.05). Furthermore, the presence of B*15 had a statistical relationship with intolerance to some food, highlighting the B*27 genotype in relation to grains and dairy products, A*23 with grains, vegetables and meats, and B*49 with vegetables and dairy (p<0.05). Regarding the endoscopic variables, macroscopic changes were found in the ileum mucosa related to A*02, B*48, DRB1*14 and the relationship between B*27 and ulcers at this level should be highlighted. Macroscopic changes in the sigmoid colon with B*48 and the rectum with A*30. In microscopic changes, inflammatory alterations of the ileum are mentioned with genotypes DRB1*07, DRB1*13 and DRB1*14, a genotype that is related to changes in the ileum both endoscopically and histologically (p<0.05). Conclusions These findings indicate a potential genetic predisposition related to HLA genotypes that may increase the likelihood of food intolerance, gastrointestinal symptoms, and even visible and microscopic changes, specifically in the ileal tissue. The study highlights the presence of B*27 and other noteworthy HLA class I and class II genes (such as DRB1*14) in the diverse Colombian population.