Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

No aplica

The way in which the clinician perceives the patient and his knowledge about informed consent (IC) are reflected in practices of respect for the patient, in relation to their autonomy and privacy from an ethical, deontological and legal framework. Objective. Analyze the perceptions and practices by surgeons in relation to the respect of the autonomy of the patient during the process of taking the IC in a hospital in the city of de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas / Ecuador. Methodology. Cualitattivo. The sample was by saturation applying a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using the Atlas Ti 8.0 ® program using structured category tracking. Result. Most doctors take consent as a legal and mandatory document, for fear of sanctioning processes. In addition, they usually delegate their responsibility to other professionals ignoring structural and ethical components of taking informed consent. Conclusion. It is evident that the lack of knowledge about IQ leads to perceptions, and therefore, to practices that violate autonomy and confidentiality, in addition to the respect of receiving information from the clinician who performed the intervention.

The ethical barriers involved in the practice of pediatric palliative medicine remain high and challenging. In terms of medical ethics, attention should be paid to culture, religion and family values, in order to promote adequate care for caregivers, even in case of loss of a patient, promoting a bereavement process with less suffering. The data were qualitatively analyzed by IRAMUTEQ software, with a high degree of significance of essay responses on ethics related to palliative care in pediatrics. Discussions about prognosis, goals of care, and treatment options can be very difficult, as legally supported palliative care alternatives may diverge from the wishes of the family. We conclude that divergences exist between the application of palliative medicine and ethics regarding acceptance and end-of-life management of pediatric patients. Ethical challenges are constantly complex situations in which palliative physicians must relate legal concepts, knowledge and family values, which often conflict. The quality of palliative care depends initially on the ability of specialized professionals to identify and explain the ethical issues that generate conflict or uncertainty, in addition to raising discussions with the family about the medical, moral and legal issues surrounding the difficult situation.

This article analyzes to what extent and how training programs for future researchers in doctoral education address the challenge of integrating ethical training in their curricular design. Based on a documentary review of course plans and postgraduate programs in education active in Chile, the explicit presence of ethical aspects and academic integrity in their training plans was examined. Through a thematic analysis of the official documentation of the programs, we identified and analyzed various elements related to research ethics and academic integrity addressed in doctoral training, their prevalent approach normative or ethical discernment, their orientation proactive or preventive and the depth with which these aspects are treated. The results show that only one-third of the current programs explicitly address ethical training in research and that in these cases, their approach tends to emphasize more formal than substantive aspects, mainly limited to compliance with the informed consent protocol.

In this article, the authors reflected the legal, ethical and social aspects of the introduction of artificial intelligence in the field of medicine. The authors used the dialectical method to understand the problematic aspects of qualitative changes in the healthcare system of Ukraine in connection with the quantitative increase in the use of artificial intelligence technology. The system method contributed to determining the nature of the impact of the introduction of artificial intelligence on the transformation of the structural elements of legislation in the healthcare sector. Analytical and formal-logical methods were useful in the process of identifying legal and ethical and social problems from the introduction of artificial intelligence and providing proposals for their solution. Emphasis was placed on the current state of the legal regulation of artificial intelligence in Ukraine and the problems of a legal, ethical and social nature that need to be addressed in the process of its implementation. The authors came to the conclusion that Ukraine is now at the initial stage of introducing artificial intelligence into public life. The problem of the lack of legislative work to streamline public relations associated with the use of artificial intelligence has been identified. Proposals are provided that can help mitigate the risks from the introduction of artificial intelligence.

The Regional Councils of Medicine are responsible for the first instance evaluation of ethical-professional complaints against physicians in each federation state. The relevance of the study is based on the importance of evaluating the professional profile of the reported physician, the characteristics of the complaints, and the judging body performance. This study assessed 966 complaints against physicians made to the Regional Council of Medicine of Minas Gerais (CRM/MG) from 2012 to 2017. There was no difference in the average age of the professionals or the period of professional practice. Gynecology, Internal Medicine, General Surgery, and Plastic Surgery comprised most of the complaints regarding medical specialties. The non-specialty reports reached 323 (34%) cases and predominated over the years studied. The number of acquittals was relatively high, in a total of 535 cases, in which the Regional Council of Medicine of Minas Gerais (CRM/MG) considered the complaints unfounded. The hypothesis of a certain corporativism of the CRM did not seem viable since thirty cases received harsher punishments, and among them, eight were removed from professional practice. Some professionals were reported more than once. It is worth noting that the number of recidivists and cases progressively decreased from 2012 to 2017.

This article shows that the experience accrued by the Chilean Supreme Court in lawsuits on tort and environmental liability, should allow it to address the ethical-environmental and legal issues that global warming implies, either by preventing harm through the imposition on the major emitters of greenhouse gases, including the State, of the duty to reduce emissions rapidly and significantly, or by demanding and enforcing the obligation to adapt to climate change through the attribution of tort liability or environmental liability.

Health professionals are obliged to provide the patient and/or his or her guardian with information about examinations and treatment. In the case of examinations involving the use of ionizing radiation, informed consent is essential to weigh the associated benefits and risks. This study evaluates the knowledge and attitude of radiographers regarding informed consent in the radiology department. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire, divided into three sections and containing 19 questions, detailing the demographics, knowledge, and attitude of radiographers. Participant responses were scored between 1 and 3, then calculated and averaged to determine mean scores. Student’s t-test was used to determine the statistical significance between means. Mean scores for knowledge and attitudes ranged from 11.60 ±1.72 to 18.73 ±1.84. Radiographers with more experience showed a statistically significant difference (17.45 ±1.23) (p < 0.00) with those with less experience (15.34 ±1.52). Twenty-one percent of the respondents did not seek consent from patients prior to examination. This study demonstrated that these professionals are knowledgeable about informed consent; however, more emphasis should be placed on practice by providing training courses and disseminating correct practice.

In recent years, the vigorous development of clinical researches carried out by medical schools is inseparable from the effective participation of medical students. However, as the number and categories of clinical research projects that medical students participate in increase, medical ethics related issues gradually occur. This article sorts out the ethical issues that arose in clinical researches, in which medical students participated, analyzes the underlying causes, and proposes solutions for the above-mentioned ethical issues, aiming to provide reference for medical ethics education and research project management for medical schools.