Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The study investigates the epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B in children and adolescents, discussing the results found in the light of bioethical principles. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study, based on a time series of cases, whose notification data were extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and vaccination data from the National Immunization Program Information System - SIPNI, from 2011 to 2020. 889 cases of hepatitis B were reported in the study population. Most participants were aged between 15 and 19 years old 738 (83%), female 549 (62%), brown skin color 637 (72%) living in the urban area 490 (55%) and with incomplete elementary education 279 (31%). The probable source of infection was through sexual intercourse 450 (51%). The most common clinical form was Chronic Hepatitis 496 (56%). Most of those infected with Hepatitis B were unvaccinated individuals 298 (34%). In the light of bioethics, the results show that the practice of vaccination can contemplate bioethical principles, since the degree of autonomy depends on a type of planned intervention and the greater the relationship between benefit and burden, taking into account the principles of beneficence and not maleficence, the less decisive is this autonomy.

The present study is an analysis of the literature on the bioethical aspect of autonomy in relation to immunization against Hepatitis B and HPV in adolescence. A bibliographic review was carried out based on the prism method, which included articles in Portuguese and English which were searched on the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), using the following descriptors Hepatitis B Vaccines, bioethics, Humans. The results demonstrated the efficiency of health professionals in contacting the individual and convincing him/her through an open dialogue and creation of bonds. It was also evidenced the study evidenced the patient's right to progressive autonomy, in which he gains the right to some choices such as immunizations of sexually transmitted diseases, such as Hepatitis B and HPV, however it is necessary for the adolescent to be educated about immunization. Therefore, the adolescent's right to progressive autonomy is recognized, regarding the choice of immunizations against Hepatitis B and HPV, however, it must be considered that these individuals are instructed on the individual and/or collective benefits of vaccination, contemplated by health education activities by qualified professionals, aiming to expand the global coverage of immunization with diseases that characterize public health problems.

In terms of family law, Peruvian legislation contemplates the possibility of shared custody, expressly regulated in the Code of Children and Adolescents, without establishing details on the conditions and forms of application, which is similar in comparative law. Based on bioethical and legal principles, this article analyses the possibility of generating a special regulation for shared custody, focusing on the need to establish special criteria that judges can take into account in specific cases involving children. These criteria should be based on a social model aimed at breaking down the barriers imposed, providing the most appropriate conditions for an integral and full development. In this line of thought, the best interests of the child, the commitment of the parents and the implementation of reasonable accommodations are fundamental.

A nationwide opinion survey was applied, in which each physician was able to express his or her feelings, understanding and personal opinion in the context of quality of life at work and bioethics. A structured questionnaire with relevant topics was used, sent by the Informatics Department of the Federal Council of Medicine to the 95,022 valid e-mails registered, and 426 complete responses were obtained. There were negative manifestations; on average, more than 50% of the specific responses, which evidenced that the lack of quality of life at work acts negatively on the understanding and opinion of physicians on bioethics and the doctor-patient relationship, and not necessarily that this manifestation is materialized through their actions. There were responsive physicians who, through their responses, were able to demonstrate that a lack of quality of life at work can alter and deconstruct this relationship in the context of bioethics.

Aquest article pretén abordar el problema de «l’austricitat» —és a dir, la pregunta per l’existència i l’especificitat d’una literatura austríaca— des d’una perspectiva comparatista, a partir del fenomen de la literatura antipatriòtica (o Antiheimatsliteratur) i, més concretament, a través de l’anàlisi de Heldenplatz, l’últim drama de Thomas Bernhard. Es pararà una atenció especial al diàleg que aquesta obra manté amb la història i el territori nacionals, i s’intentarà posar en relleu tant les tensions que manté amb els relats crítics hegemònics que han provat d’elaborar l’especificitat d’allò austríac des d’un punt de vista literari i cultural (principalment, els de Claudio Magris i Ulrich Greiner) com les preguntes que pot suscitar per a la Literatura Comparada aquesta proposta, que consisteix en vincular-se negativament a la pròpia nació i que, en aquest sentit, se situa en una posició particularment fèrtil entre l’àmbit nacional i tot allò que el depassa.

L'article analitzarà l'estratègia de legitimació cinematogràfica dels nous populismes sud-americans del segle XXI o «marea rosada» focalitzant-se en l'anàlisi de la pel·lícula Eva de la Argentina de María Seoane (2010). Sostindrem que el cinema és una eina crucial de la «marea rosada» per a crear, augmentar i/o sostenir la seva popularitat que, quan narra la història d'herois nacionals, mostra el present lideratge com el retorn d'una figura històrica i de la seva agenda política. Això conforma una articulació populista teo-carno-política. La pel·lícula de Seoane ho fa utilitzant Eva Perón i les mateixes tècniques cinematogràfiques de la propaganda peronista de meitat del segle XX per tal de legitimar l’aparició messiànica de la nova líder o «model de l’arribada», que reprèn una teleologia interrompuda.