Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Abstract Introduction: Dental fluorosis is an endemic pathology caused by the excessive ingestion of fluorides that can produce an alteration during the development of the enamel and is considered an important public health problem because it affects the oral and systemic health of the population. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and levels of dental fluorosis in school children between 12 and 15 years of age belonging to two educational institutions in Lima, Peru. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, the sample consisted of 252 students between 12 and 15 years of age from two educational centers in Lima. Sampling was by systematic selection of sample elements. Dental fluorosis was evaluated using the Dean Index. To determine the frequency and levels of dental fluorosis a clinical oral examination was carried out and a previously validated questionnaire was developed. Results: The frequency of dental fluorosis was 44.8% (n=113) affecting more males by 27.39% (n=69) and adolescents aged 13 years (15.1%). In relation to the levels of fluorosis, the "very mild" type predominated (34.9%). An association was also found between the presence and level of fluorosis with the number of fluoride applications (p<0.05). In addition, Dean's community fluorosis index was reported to be 0.43. Conclusions: In the school population evaluated, the frequency of fluorosis was 44.8% and the predominant level of fluorosis was very mild. In addition, the community index was 0.43, which indicated a borderline level of public health importance. Therefore, it can be considered that the number of topical fluoride applications received by the population without adequate planning could become a risk factor for causing dental fluorosis. Keywords: Dental fluorosis; Dental caries; Dental caries; Fluoride; Prevalence; Epidemiology; Adolescent.

The case of an adult patient with a complicated crown fracture of the right upper canine due to trauma is reported, diagnosing a class VII Ellis coronal fracture. There are several treatment alternatives that range from the extraction, placement of a bone graft and placement of an implant, to a forced root extrusion with bone removal to allow the biological space and subsequently be restored. In the present case, a multidisciplinary orthodontic forced extrusion treatment is performed, which allows to increase the amount of clinical remnant, preserving the periodontal support and maintaining the biologic thickness, thus achieving to maintain the root remnant with good length so that prosthetic rehabilitation is facilitated. The clinical and radiographic follow-up was 12 months. The multidisciplinary treatment involved: Root canal treatment, forced extrusion with orthodontics, fibrotomy with root planing and fixed prosthesis.   Key words: Trauma, Coronary fracture, Endodontics, Forced extrusion, Prosthetic Restoration.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To establish, through a review of the literature, which are the most prevalent complications in the extraction of impacted, impacted and impacted mandibular third molars.Procedures: A descriptive study of the literature is proposed, describing analysis through 2 types of electronic database: PubMed and SciELO, taking as support meta-analysis articles, systematic reviews, etc.Results: After the revisions of the corresponding analyzes of the complications that the extraction of third molars can cause, whether they are: lacerations, hemorrhages, bleeding, fractures, etc. It will be confirmed that the best way to avoid them is the correct surgical and pharmacological management.Conclusion: With this review of the literature, it is concluded that a correct diagnostic and knowledge of the complications that can rise from acute edema to fractures, which in the worst case occur due to poor clinical-surgical management, always the treatment of choice is the best option to treat them. Keywords: Tooth, Impacted, Tooth, Unerupted,  Molar, Third  

The peculiar political, economic and social environment of Spain in the 19th century has repercussions on the formation and ways of expression of the feminist movement. Nineteenth-century Spanish women, adhering to the discourse of the complementarity of the sexes, do claim educational equality and free access to professional practice. Paradoxically, they find sufficient legitimacy for their pronouncement, in the traditional gender discourse about the natural mission entrusted to each sex. It is a feminism that does not have any political claim, but exclusively civil and labor ones. Without being a properly subversive movement, it lays the foundations for the recognition of the principle of equality between men and women, by succeeding in dismantling the atavistic prejudice about the congenital inferiority of the female sex.

The goal of this paper is to focus on two controversial points of Professor Riccardo Guastini’s theory, on the one hand, and on the way in which the indeterminacy of the field of application of constitutional principles bears on the discretionary power of constitutional judges, on the other. Thus, the thesis that I defend in this paper is that, despite the constitutional judge have a wide margin of discretion, also there are objective parameters into his decision process that rationalize this discretion; which is more clearly appreciated from functional and institutional point of view rather just one theoretical.

Book Review

Book Review

The idea of exemplariness, present in the public discours, especially in recent years, presents a series of necessary connections to the Law. Achieving exemplariness in a citizen level requires firstly be clear about the role that Law has to have to it. Furthermore, it requires knowing how to make it interact with costum and Codes of conduct and other soft law instruments. This implies a certain revision of the doctrine of the sources of Law. Exemplariness idea’s introduction, with a revaluation of custom, will also affect various areas of Private Law, appreciating the performance of the exemplariness requirement differently in the area of obligations or rights in rem.

Book Review

Book Review